Th17/Treg balance and macrophage polarization ratio in lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans

Objective:To explore the balance of peripheral blood T helper 17 cells/regulatory T cell(Th17/Treg)ratio and the polarization ratio of M1 and M2 macrophages in lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans(ASO).Methods:A rat model of lower extremity ASO was established,and blood samples from patients with lower extremity ASO before and after surgery were obtained.ELISA was used to detect interleukin 6(IL-6),IL-10,and IL-17.Real-time RCR and Western blot analyses were used to detect Foxp3,IL-6,IL-10,and IL-17 expression.Moreover,flow cytometry was applied to detect the Th17/Treg ratio and M1/M2 ratio.Results:Compared with the control group,the iliac artery wall of ASO rats showed significant hyperplasia,and the concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly increased(P<0.01),indicating the successful establishment of ASO.Moreover,the levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in ASO rats were pronouncedly increased(P<0.05),while the IL-10 level was significantly decreased(P<0.05).In addition to increased IL-6 and IL-17 levels,the mRNA and protein levels of Foxp3 and IL-10 in ASO rats were significantly decreased compared with the control group.The Th17/Treg and M1/M2 ratios in the ASO group were markedly increased(P<0.05).These alternations were also observed in ASO patients.After endovascular surgery(such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and arterial stenting),all these changes were significantly improved(P<0.05).Conclusions:The Th17/Treg and M1/M2 ratios were significantly increased in ASO,and surgery can effectively improve the balance of Th17/Treg,and reduce the ratio of M1/M2,and the expression of inflammatory factors.

FAM53B promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma metastasis by regulating macrophage M2 polarization

BACKGROUND Our study investigated the role of FAM53B in regulating macrophage M2 polarization and its potential mechanisms in promoting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)metastasis.AIM To further investigate the role of FAM53B in regulating macrophage M2 polarization and its potential mechanism in promoting PDAC metastasis.Our goal is to determine how FAM53B affects macrophage M2 polarization and to define its underlying mechanism in PDAC metastasis.METHODS Cell culture and various experiments,including protein analysis,immunohisto-chemistry,and animal model experiments,were conducted.We compared FAM53B expression between PDAC tissues and healthy tissues and assessed the correlation of FAM53B expression with clinical features.Our study analyzed the role of FAM53B in macrophage M2 polarization in vitro by examining the expression of relevant markers.Finally,we used a murine model to study the role of FAM53B in PDAC metastasis and analyzed the potential underlying mechanisms.RESULTS Our research showed that there was a significant increase in FAM53B levels in PDAC tissues,which was linked to adverse tumor features.Experimental findings indicated that FAM53B can enhance macrophage M2 polarization,leading to increased anti-inflammatory factor release.The results from the mouse model further supported the role of FAM53B in PDAC metastasis,as blocking FAM53B prevented tumor cell invasion and metastasis.CONCLUSION FAM53B promotes PDAC metastasis by regulating macrophage M2 polarization.This discovery could lead to the development of new strategies for treating PDAC.For example,interfering with the FAM53B signaling pathway may prevent cancer spread.Our research findings also provide important information for expanding our understanding of PDAC pathogenesis.

Wedelolactone attenuates sepsis-associated acute liver injury by regulating the macrophage M1/M2 polarization balance through the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signalling pathway

Background:Liver injury caused by sepsis seriously impairs the normal physiology of the liver.Wedelactone(WED)has an obvious anti-inflammatory effect against liver damage caused by various factors.Nevertheless,further research is needed to determine if WED might mitigate acute liver damage linked to sepsis by influencing macrophage polarization.Methods:We first assessed the effect of WED on lipopolysaccharides-triggered liver injury by biochemistry assay and tissue staining.Inflammatory factors were assessed using the ELISA kits.The expression of Cluster of Differentiation 86(CD86)and Cluster of Differentiation 206(CD206)was measured by immunofluorescence assay.The protein levels of inducible nitric oxide sythase(iNOS),Arginase 1(Arg-1),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),protein kinase B(AKT),PI3K phosphorylation(p-PI3K),AKT phosphorylation(p-AKT),inhibitor of kappa B kinase(IKK),inhibitor of kappa B(IκB),and nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)p65 were quantified by western blot analysis.Results:WED decreased the level of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and malondialdehyde,and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX).Moreover,WED exerted effective anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the level of Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and Interleukin 6(IL-6)and increasing the level of Interleukin 10(IL-10)in serum and cells.WED not only decreased CD86 and iNOS expression but also increased CD206 and Arg-1 expression.WED also downregulated the increased expression of PI3K,AKT,p-PI3K,p-AKT,IKK,and NF-κB p65 induced by lipopolysaccharides,while up-regulated the decreased expression of IκB.Besides,LY294002 with WED decreased the expression of protein PI3K,AKT,p-PI3K,p-AKT,IKK and NF-κB p65,and raised the expression of IκBα.Conclusion:Wedelolactone could attenuate sepsis-associated acute liver injury,and its mechanism may be associated with balancing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory by the regulation of M1/M2 macrophage polarization via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Scavenger receptor A-mediated nanoparticles target M1 macrophages for acute liver injury

Acute liver injury(ALI)has an elevated fatality rate due to untimely and ineffective treatment.Although,schisandrin B(SchB)has been extensively used to treat diverse liver diseases,its therapeutic efficacy on ALI was limited due to its high hydrophobicity.Palmitic acid-modified serum albumin(PSA)is not only an effective carrier for hydrophobic drugs,but also has a superb targeting effect via scavenger receptor-A(SR-A)on the M1 macrophages,which are potential therapeutic targets for ALI.Compared with the common macrophage-targeted delivery systems,PSA enables site-specific drug delivery to reduce off-target toxicity.Herein,we prepared SchB-PSA nanoparticles and further assessed their therapeutic effect on ALI.In vitro,compared with human serum albumin encapsulated SchB nanoparticles(SchB-HSA NPs),the SchB-PSA NPs exhibited more potent cytotoxicity on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)stimulated Raw264.7(LAR)cells,and LAR cells took up PSA NPs 8.79 times more than HSA NPs.As expected,the PSA NPs also accumulated more in the liver.Moreover,SchB-PSA NPs dramatically reduced the activation of NF-κB signaling,and significantly relieved inflammatory response and hepatic necrosis.Notably,the high dose of SchB-PSA NPs improved the survival rate in 72 h of ALI mice to 75%.Hence,SchB-PSA NPs are promising to treat ALI.

Protective effects of paeonol on LPS-induced macrophage RAW264.7 injury through TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathway

Objective:To study the protective effect of paeonol on LPS-induced inflammatory injury of macrophage RAW264.7 cells and its mechanism.Methods:Macrophage RAW264.7 cells were cultured and divided into blank group,LPS(1μg/mL)group,paeonol(240μmol/mL)group and TAK242(10μmol/mL)group.The cell activity was detected by CCK8 method,the cell morphology was observed by inverted microscope,the contents of GSH and MDA in cell culture medium were determined by colorimetry,the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 method,the expression distribution of F4/80 and p-NF-κB protein was detected by immunofluorescence method,and the expression of TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB related pathway protein was detected by Western blotting.Results:Compared with the blank group,the cell viability induced by 1μg/mL LPS was 0.4972±0.061(P<0.01),which was close to the half inhibition rate.Compared with LPS group,the expression of p-NF-κB protein in 240μmol/mL paeonol pretreated cell group was down-regulated most significantly(P<0.01),and the expression of TLR4 protein was inhibited most significantly in 10μmol/mL TAK242 pretreated cell group.Compared with LPS group(P<0.01),the cell morphology of paeonol group recovered.Decrease MDA content and increase GSH content in cell culture medium(P<0.01),In the results of mitochondrial membrane potential,the red light of paeonol group was significantly enhanced and the green light was significantly weakened(P<0.001).The expression distribution of F4/80 and p-NF-κB protein in paeonol group decreased significantly(P<0.01),and the expressions of TLR4,p-IκB,p-p38,p-JNK and p-NF-κB protein were down-regulated(P<0.05).Conclusion:Paeonol can improve the inflammatory injury of RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS,and its mechanism may be related to TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathway.

Role of Cyclin D1b in Inducing Macrophages Toward a Tumor-associated Macrophage-like Phenotype in Murine Breast Cancer

Objective:Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)of the M2 phenotype are frequently associated with cancer progression.Invasive cancer cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)have a selective advantage as TAM activators.Cyclin D1b is a highly oncogenic splice variant of cyclin D1.We previously reported that cyclin D1b enhances the invasiveness of breast cancer cells by inducing EMT.However,the role of cyclin D1b in inducing macrophage differentiation toward tumor-associated macrophage-like cells remains unknown.This study aimed to explore the relationship between breast cancer cells overexpressing cyclin Dlb and TAMs.Methods:Mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells were transfected with cyclin D1b variant and co-cultured with macrophage cells in a Transwell coculture system.The expression of characteristic cytokines in differentiated macrophages was detected using qRT-PCR,ELISA and zymography assay.Tumor-associated macrophage distribution in a transplanted tumor was detected by immunofluorescence staining.The proliferation and migration ability of breast cancer cells was detected using the cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,wound healing assay,Transwell invasion assay,and lung metastasis assay.Expression levels of mRNAs were detected by qRT-PCR.Protein expression levels were detected by Western blotting.The integrated analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)datasets and bioinformatics methods were adopted to discover gene expression,gene coexpression,and overall survival in patients with breast cancer.Results:After co-culture with breast cancer cells overexpressing cyclin D1b,RAW264.7 macrophages were differentiated into an M2 phenotype.Moreover,differentiated M2-like macrophages promoted the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells in turn.Notably,these macrophages facilitated the migration of breast cancer cells in vivo.Further investigations indicated that differentiated M2-like macrophages induced EMT of breast cancer cells accompanied with upregulation of TGF-β1 and integrinβ3 expression.Conclusion:Breast cancer cells transfected with cyclin D1b can induce the differentiation of macrophages into a tumor-associated macrophage-like phenotype,which promotes tumor metastasis in vitro and in vivo.

Mechanism of Sanshi decoction inhibits macrophage pyroptosis by inhibiting BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in the treatment of gouty arthritis

Objective:To observe the effect of Sanshi decoction on BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathwaymediated macrophage pyroptosis,so as to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Sanshi decoction in the treatment of gouty arthritis.Methods:THP-1 was induced into macrophages with foboside and the divided into the control group,model group,low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose group of Sanshi decoction,and BRD4 inhibitor group.Except for the control group,the remaining groups were induced with monosodium urate crystals to construct a gouty arthritis cell model.The activity of macrophages was detected by CCK8,the level of macrophage pyroptosis was detected by flow cytometry,the activity of LDH,the content of IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the expression of related proteins in the BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,macrophage activity was decreased in the model group,and the level of pyroptosis,LDH activity,contents of IL-1β and IL-18,expression levels of BRD4,p-NF-kB p65,NLRP3,Caspase-1 p20,and IL-1β protein were significantly up-regulated,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 and P<0.01).Compared with the model group,macrophage activity was up-regulated in the Sanshi Decoction,and the level of pyroptosis,LDH activity,IL-1β and IL-18 contents,expression levels of BRD4,p-NF-kB p65,NLRP3,Caspase-1 p20,and IL-1β protein were significantly decreased with statistically significant differences(P<0.05 and P<0.01).Conclusion:Sanshi decoction inhibits macrophage pyroptosis by inhibiting BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway activation,thus improving the inflammation level of gouty arthritis.

PTHrP促进RANKL诱导巨噬细胞分化为破骨细胞参与中耳胆脂瘤骨破坏

目的:骨质进行性吸收破坏是中耳胆脂瘤最重要的临床特征之一,可导致一系列颅内外并发症,而目前中耳胆脂瘤骨破坏的机制尚未明确。本研究旨在探究甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白(parathyroid hormone-related protein,PTHrP)参与中耳胆脂瘤骨破坏的机制。方法:收集后天性中耳胆脂瘤患者的25例胆脂瘤标本和13例外耳道正常皮肤组织标本。采用免疫组织化学染色方法检测PTHrP、核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator for nuclear factor-kappa B ligand,RANKL)和骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)在中耳胆脂瘤和外耳道正常皮肤组织中的表达,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP)染色法检测中耳胆脂瘤和外耳道正常皮肤组织中是否存在TRAP阳性多核巨噬细胞。选取小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞进行干预,分为RANKL干预组和PTHrP+RANKL共同干预组,采用TRAP染色法检测2组破骨细胞的生成情况,实时聚合酶链反应(real-time polymerase chain reaction,real-time PCR)检测干预后2组破骨细胞相关基因TRAP、组织蛋白酶K(cathepsin K,CTSK)和活化T细胞核因子1(nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1,NFATc1)的mRNA表达水平,骨吸收陷窝实验检测2组破骨细胞的骨吸收功能。结果:免疫组织化学染色结果显示,PTHrP和RANKL在中耳胆脂瘤组织中的表达均显著增高,OPG表达降低(均P<0.05),且PTHrP的表达与RANKL、RANKL/OPG比值均呈显著正相关,与OPG表达呈显著负相关(分别r=0.385、r=0.417、r=-0.316,均P<0.05)。同时,PTHrP、RANKL的表达水平与中耳胆脂瘤的骨破坏程度均呈显著正相关(分别r=0.413、r=0.505,均P<0.05)。TRAP染色结果显示中耳胆脂瘤上皮周围基质中有大量TRAP阳性细胞,并存在细胞核数量为3个或3个以上的TRAP阳性破骨细胞。RANKL或PTHrP+RANKL联合干预5 d后,与RANKL干预组相比,PTHrP+RANKL联合干预组的破骨细胞数量显著增加(P<0.05),且破骨细胞相关基因TRAP、CTSK和NFATc1的mRNA表达水平均升高(均P<0.05)。骨吸收陷窝扫描电镜结果显示RANKL干预组、PTHrP+RANKL联合干预组的骨片表面均形成骨吸收陷窝;与RANKL干预组相比,PTHrP+RANKL联合干预组的骨片表面骨吸收陷窝数量显著增加(P<0.05),面积也更大。结论:PTHrP可能通过促进RANKL诱导胆脂瘤组织周围基质中的巨噬细胞分化为破骨细胞,参与中耳胆脂瘤骨破坏。

免疫细胞及相关细胞因子在骨关节炎发病及治疗中的作用

背景:骨关节炎的发生发展与免疫异常密切相关,各种免疫细胞、免疫介质在骨关节炎发病过程中的重要性不断被阐明。目的:综述免疫细胞及相关细胞因子在骨关节炎发病及治疗中的作用,为今后骨关节炎的研究和防治提供新的思路。方法:以“骨关节炎,膝,巨噬细胞,T细胞,B细胞,自然杀伤细胞,树突状细胞,细胞因子,炎症因子,免疫细胞”“osteoarthritis,knee,macrophages,T cells,B cells,natural killer cells,dendritic cells,cytokines, inflammatory factors,immune cells”为检索词在中国知网、万方、维普和PubMed和Web of Science数据库中检索已发表的相关文献,阅读标题和摘要进行初筛,在阅读全文后,最后选取98篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)既往研究认为骨关节炎发病与软骨磨损相关,近年来研究认为骨关节炎是免疫细胞广泛参与的一种慢性炎性状态,随着对骨关节炎发病机制的深入研究,学者们认为骨关节炎的发病机制是由早期先天免疫反应驱动的,这种免疫反应会逐步催化退行性变,最终导致关节微环境的改变。(2)各种免疫细胞和细胞因子是影响骨关节炎修复的关键因素,其中巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞参与滑膜炎症反应,T细胞免疫反应参与骨关节炎软骨的降解,并加重骨关节炎的病情。(3)免疫细胞分泌的白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素17和白细胞介素37等炎性细胞因子在骨关节炎的病理生理中发挥重要作用,其中白细胞介素1β是造成关节软骨破坏最重要的炎性因子。(4)在骨关节炎病早期阶段对免疫学危险因素进行评估,能够早期有效地进行治疗,可显著降低与骨关节炎相关的残疾、发病率和成本。(5)目前干细胞及其来源外泌体、生物材料进行免疫调节治疗骨关节炎的效果已在不同的实验模型中得到证实,但将其用于临床实践之前仍有大量的实验工作要做,随着新治疗靶点的发现,针对靶点进行相关治疗将为临床骨关节炎修复带来新的希望。

CCK-8对LPS作用下巨噬细胞B7.1和B7.2表达及其协同刺激功能的影响

目的探讨八肽胆囊收缩素（CCK-8）对LPS活化的巨噬细胞B7．1和B7．2表达及其协同刺激功能的影响。方法用CCK-8（10^-12～10^-6）mol·L^-1和（或）脂多糖（LPS）孵育小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，采用流式细胞术分析细胞表面B7．1和B7．2含量的变化，用免疫磁珠从小鼠脾细胞分离CD4^＋T细胞，按4：1数量比与腹腔巨噬细胞[预先用LPS、CCK-8和（或）抗B7．1抗体、抗B7．2抗体、CCK1R拮抗剂CR1409、CCK2R拮抗剂CR2945孵育24h]共同体外培养，同时加入ConA5mg·L^-1，采用^3H参入法测定CD4^＋T细胞增殖反映巨噬细胞的协同刺激活性。结果CCK-8可以下调LPS诱导的巨噬细胞的B7．1和B7．2表达，抑制LPS活化的巨噬细胞的协同刺激活性。CCK-8的作用呈剂量依赖性，最大效应剂量在（10^-7-10^-9）mol·L^-1之间。CR1409及CR2945均能逆转CCK-8的上述作用，且CR1409的作用较CR2945更明显。抗B7．1抗体和抗B7．2抗体可减轻LPS活化的巨噬细胞协同刺激活性。结论CCK-8通过下调LPS诱导的巨噬细胞B7．1和B7．2表达而抑制其协同刺激活性，该作用由CCK1R及CCK2R介导，其中CCK1R起主要介导作用。

同时表达4-1BBL B7.1及B7.2三个共刺激分子基因小鼠肝癌细胞系的建立和意义

目的:建立同时表达4-1BBL、B7.1及B7.2三个共刺激分子基因小鼠原发性肝细胞癌(hepatocellularcarcinoma,HCC)细胞系。方法:将B7.1和B7.2全长cDNA的质粒酶切,构建pcDNA3.1-B7.1-IRES-B7.2重组子,酶切法鉴定。用阳离子脂质体(LipofectamineReagent)将重组子转染H22,经均霉素(Hygromycin,300!g/ml)筛选,阳性克隆命名为H22-CD80/CD86+细胞。逆转录-聚合酶链反应(reversetranscription-polymerasechainreaction,RT-PCR)检测目的基因在H22-CD80/CD86+变异株的表达。采用同样方法将pCI-neo-4-1BBL质粒转入H22-CD80/CD86+细胞,G418筛选,阳性克隆命名为H22-CD80/CD86/CD137L+细胞。流式细胞仪检测三种基因在细胞克隆中的表达。结果:pcDNA3.1-B7.1-IRES-B7.2重组子经酶切鉴定,同时获得B7.1(862bp)和B7.2(984bp)目的基因片段和5.6kbp线性化pcDNA3.1载体片段;重组子测序结果与Genebank中B7.1和B7.2序列相符,证实构建成功。RT-PCR及FCM检测结果显示B7.1、B7.2及4-1BBL基因分别在H22-CD80/CD86+细胞及H22-CD80/CD86/CD137L+细胞中获得稳定、高效联合表达。结论:pcDNA3.1-B7.1-IRES-B7.2重组子构建正确,H22-CD80/CD86/CD137L+变异株可同时稳定表达B7.1、B7.2和4-1BBL三个共刺激分子基因。

γ-干扰素调控慢性B淋巴细胞白血病B细胞B7.2分子表达

目的 :研究观察γ 干扰素调控慢性B淋巴细胞白血病 (BCLL)B细胞B7.2分子的表达 ,并观察B7.2水平的变化对免疫反应的影响。方法 :用 5 0 0IU·ml- 1 浓度的γ 干扰素体外孵育BCLL患者外周血B细胞 48h ,流式细胞仪检测孵育前后B7.2表达的百分率 ,电镜观察其形态变化 ;采用单向混合淋巴细胞反应 (MLR)技术观察B7.2水平的变化对淋巴细胞增殖的影响。结果 :BCLL患者外周血B细胞经 5 0 0IU·ml- 1 浓度的γ 干扰素体外孵育 48h后 ,B7.2的表达从 17%上升至 2 1% ;电镜观察 ,细胞未出现明显的树突状细胞的特征性改变 ;MLR观察 ,B7.2上调之后 ,实验组每分钟计数值增高 ,比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :γ 干扰素可轻度上调BCLLB细胞B7.2分子的表达水平 。

γ-干扰素诱导Jurkat细胞表达B7.1/CD80、B7.2/CD86分子

目的研究观察γ 干扰素 (γ IFN)诱导Jurkat细胞株表达B7.1、B7.2分子的作用。方法不同浓度的γ IFN体外孵育Jurkat细胞 48h后 ,流式细胞仪检测细胞表达B7.1、B7.2的百分率。结果与对照组相比 ,γ IFN在312 .5～ 10 0 0 0u/ml浓度下有轻微提高Jurkat淋巴白血病细胞表达B7.1、B7.2分子的作用。在 2 5 0 0u/ml浓度时达到高峰 ,B7.1的表达比对照组提高 3.47% ,B7.2表达提高 2 .39% ,B7.1与B7.2双表达提高 1.85 %。结论γ IFN可轻度诱导Jurkat细胞表达B7.1、B7.

基于网络药理学研究泽泻醇B抑制非小细胞肺癌的作用及机制

目的探究泽泻醇B(alisol B)抑制非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的潜在基因与机制。方法通过CCK-8和Transwell检测泽泻醇B对NSCLC细胞的增殖及迁移作用。通过TCGA和化合物基因预测数据库收集NSCLC和泽泻醇B的基因,并获得二者交集基因。应用String数据库构建蛋白-蛋白分子相互作用(protein protein interaction,PPI)网络,筛出前20的节点,运用R语言筛出与NSCLC预后相关的蛋白,并获得二者交集;通过KEGG和GO富集分析及相关基因与免疫细胞关系分析探究泽泻醇B作用于NSCLC的潜在机制,并通过细胞水平实验验证。结果泽泻醇B抑制NSCLC细胞的细胞活力和迁移能力。通过网络药理学分析确定5个重要基因:CCNE1,CDK1,COL1A1,COL1A2,COL3A1;细胞实验结果显示泽泻醇B下调NSCLC细胞中Cyclin E1、CDK1和COL1A2的表达。此外,泽泻醇B可抑制巨噬细胞中COL1A2和M2型巨噬细胞标志物CD206的表达。结论泽泻醇B可能通过下调CDK1和Cyclin E1抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,并可能通过抑制COL1A2影响巨噬细胞功能,从而调控肿瘤免疫微环境,对NSCLC产生抑制作用。

转人B7.2基因的L929细胞对T细胞增殖和分泌IL-10的作用

应用RT-PCR法,从由LPS刺激的人的DC细胞中抽提mRNA,扩增获得编码人B7.2分子的cDNA,并将其克隆到PMD18-T载体,经PCR、酶切及测序进行鉴定确证,进而构建PEGZ-term-B7.2的真核表达载体。脂质体法共转染包装细胞293T,用含有完整病毒颗粒的293T细胞的上清感染L929细胞,经Zeocin筛选,建立稳定表达人B7.2分子的L929基因转染细胞株。并证实了B7.2基因转染细胞能有效地促进T细胞的体外增殖和促进IL-10的分泌。

真核荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP-C3-B7.2-MAGE-1的构建与表达

目的:构建表达B7.2和MAGE-1的绿色荧光共表达载体pEGFP-C3-B7.2-MAGE-1,并在真核细胞中表达。方法:根据GenBank中的序列,对B7.2、MAGE-1各设计一对两端带有特定限制性酶切位点的引物,分别从乳腺组织、乳癌组织提取总RNA,进行RT-PCR后,将两扩增产物分别克隆在pGEM-T载体,经测序证实碱基序列无误后,双酶切pGEM-T载体,回收目的片段,将两目的片段亚克隆至真核绿色荧光蛋白共表达载体(pEGFP-C3)上,并转染真核细胞,观察其在真核细胞中表达。结果及结论:pEGFP-C3-B7.2-MAGE-1真核表达载体经酶切及基因序列分析验证,PCR扩增片段与选择的目的片段序列相符,pEGFP-C3-B7.2-MAGE-1真核表达载体构建成功。该表达载体转染EC9706细胞后,用免疫荧光显微镜观察和RT-PCR分析,该重组载体能够在真核细胞中广泛表达。

人B7.2(CD86)胞外区原核表达及其工程菌发酵培养的实验研究

目的 利用原核系统表达人B7.2 (IgV +C)并对工程菌发酵培养条件进行优化。方法 用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)技术从B7.2cDNA全长中克隆B7.2 (IgV +C) ,将PCR产物克隆入表达载体 pGEX 4T 3从而得到重组体 pGEX 4T 3 /hB7.2 (IgV +C) ,SDS PAGE及Westernblot用于检测目的蛋白的表达 ,同时对目的蛋白诱导表达时间及诱导剂浓度进行优化 ,对重组质粒的遗传稳定性进行鉴定。结果 Westernblot结果显示相应分子质量 5 5kD处有hB7.2 (IgV+C)与GST融合蛋白的高效表达 ,表达量占菌体总蛋白的 3 0 %左右。对工程菌进行发酵培养研究的结果表明 ,所构建的重组质粒在工程菌DH5α中传代稳定 ,未见质粒丢失 ,目的蛋白的表达不受影响 ,且在 3 7℃诱导 5h、IPTG终浓度为 4mmol·L- 1 时其表达量最多。结论 证明了利用原核系统表达人B7.2 (IgV +C)的可行性。

苦柯胺B调控NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD焦亡通路减轻脂多糖诱导的巨噬细胞炎症

目的:探讨苦柯胺B(KB)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人单核细胞白血病THP-1细胞核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)/半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1(Caspase-1)/消皮素D(GSDMD)焦亡通路的调控作用。方法:THP-1细胞经100 ng/mL佛波酯(PMA)诱导24 h成为巨噬细胞,采用CCK-8法检测KB对细胞活力的影响,确定合适的浓度用于后续实验;由LPS联合三磷酸腺苷(ATP)诱导建立巨噬细胞炎症损伤模型(LPS组),采用不同浓度KB及NLRP3炎症小体抑制剂MCC950处理细胞,通过实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)法检测各组NLRP3、Caspase-1、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、GSDMD及高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB-1)mRNA表达,采用western blotting法检测炎症小体组分及焦亡相关蛋白的表达,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定细胞上清液IL-1β的含量,检测细胞上清液乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放量,Annexin-V-PE/7-AAD染色检测细胞凋亡。结果:KB浓度为12.5~400μmol/L范围内对THP-1细胞活力无明显影响。与对照组(未处理细胞)比较,LPS组NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-1β、GSDMD、HMGB-1 m RNA表达上调,经MCC950或KB处理后,上述mRNA表达水平较LPS组下降(均P<0.05)。与对照组比较,LPS组NLRP3、Caspase-1、Cleaved Caspase-1、GSDMD、GSDMD-NT、HMGB1蛋白表达量均较对照组升高,经MCC950或KB处理后上述蛋白表达下调,细胞培养上清液中IL-1β分泌量和LDH释放量降低(均P<0.05),细胞凋亡减少。结论:KB可通过抑制NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD通路介导的焦亡来改善LPS诱导的THP-1细胞炎症。

N-丁基-9 H-嘧啶并[4,5-b]吲哚-2-甲酰胺通过NLRP3/Caspase-1抑制巨噬细胞泡沫化及焦亡作用

目的设计并合成了嘧啶并吲哚类衍生物N-丁基-9 H-嘧啶并[4,5-b]吲哚-2-甲酰胺(BFPI),探讨其是否通过NLRP3/Caspase-1通路抑制巨噬细胞焦亡和泡沫化作用。方法以2,4,6-三乙氧羰基-1,3,5-三嗪和2-氨基吲哚为起始原料合成BFPI,并通过1H NMR、13 C NMR、ESI-MS对其结构进行表征。将体外培养的小鼠单核巨噬细胞株RAW264.7分为空白组、模型组(PA)组和治疗组(BFPI)组,各组细胞用对应培养液处理24 h后,用MTT法检测其增殖活力,油红O染色检测细胞内脂滴形成情况,并用Western blot和RT-qPCR检测NLRP3、Caspase-1和MCP-1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果与空白组比较,模型组细胞增殖活力明显下降,脂滴形成量明显增加,与模型组比较,治疗组细胞增殖活力明显增加,脂滴形成量明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与空白组比较,模型组细胞NLRP3、Caspase-1和MCP-1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均明显增加,与模型组比较,治疗组细胞上述指标表达水平均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论BFPI可通过抑制巨噬细胞NLRP3、Caspase-1和MCP-1的表达进而促进其增殖并抑制脂质吞噬能力,有助于延缓动脉粥化时巨噬细胞来源的泡沫细胞形成。

M2巨噬细胞特征基因风险评分能准确预测HBV相关肝细胞癌患者的预后

目的探讨在乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)相关肝细胞癌(HCC)中M2巨噬细胞特征基因(MRG)对患者预后的评估价值及潜在的分子机制。方法从TCGA数据库获取73例HBV相关肝HCC患者的转录组数据,通过WGCNA识别M2巨噬细胞相关基因模块,利用LASSO鉴定出关键MRG并构建风险评分,并在外部数据集中验证风险评分的预测性能。应用CIBERSORT和R.pRRophetic分析风险评分与免疫细胞浸润、药物敏感性的关系。通过GSVA和GSEA对高风险组和低风险组的差异基因进行通路富集分析。R.Seurat验证在HCC中表达MRG的细胞类型,并通过R.Cellchat分析细胞互作强度,找到与HCC进展相关的重要细胞类型。流式细胞术检测肝癌条件培养基诱导THP-1向M2样极化,RT-qPCR验证MRG在HBV阳性的肝癌细胞系和M2巨噬细胞中表达。结果M2巨噬细胞高浸润状态与患者不良预后显著相关(P=0.025)。高风险组的总生存期(OS)均显著低于低风险组(训练集P=0.021,测试集P=0.046)。高风险组中M2巨噬细胞显著富集(P=0.03),低风险组中幼稚B细胞显著富集(P=0.049)。药物BI.2536对高风险组更有效(P=0.025),AG.014699(P=0.044)、AKT.inhibitor.VIII(P=0.041)、AZD.0530(P=0.0033)、AZD7762(P=0.0051)和BMS.708163(P=0.015)对低风险组更有效。通路富集分析结果表明,增殖相关通路和代谢相关通路在高风险组中富集。单核细胞在高风险组HCC进展的细胞互作中最为活跃。VTN在PLC/PRF/5中的表达显著上调(P<0.0001),GCLC、PARVB、TRIM27和GMPR在M2样THP-1中的表达显著上调(P=0.0037、P=0.0015、P=0.0071、P=0.0004)。结论MRG风险评分能准确预测HBV相关HCC患者的预后,揭示其肿瘤微环境的差异,为HCC患者的精准治疗提供了指导。