Unlock the full potential of carbon cloth-based scaffolds towards magnesium metal storage via regulation on magnesiophilicity and surface geometric structure

The development of rechargeable magnesium(Mg) batteries is of practical significance to upgrade the electric energy storage devices due to exceptional capacity and abundant resources of Mg-metal anode.However,the reversible Mg electrochemistry suffers from unsatisfied rate capability and lifespan,mainly caused by non-uniform distribution of electrodeposits.In this work,a fresh design concept of threedimensional carbon cloths scaffolds is proposed to overcome the uncontrollable Mg growth via homogenizing electric field and improving magnesiophilicity.A microscopic smooth and nitrogen-containing defective carbonaceous layer is constructed through a facile pyrolysis of ZIF8 on carbon cloths.As revealed by finite element simulation and DFT calculation results,the smooth surface endows with uniform electric field distribution and simultaneously the nitrogen-doping species enable good magnesiophilicity of scaffolds.The fine and uniform Mg nucleus as well as the inner electrodeposit behavior are also disclosed.As a result,an exceptional cycle life of 500 cycles at 4.0 mA cm^(-2) and 4.0 mA h cm^(-2) is firstly realized to our best knowledge.Besides,the functional scaffolds can be cycled for over 2200 h at 2.0 mA cm^(-2) under a normalized capacity of 5.0 mA h cm^(-2),far exceeding previous results.This work offers an effective approach to enable the full potential of carbon cloths-based scaffolds towards metal storage for next generation battery applications.

Hybrid solid electrolyte interphases formed in conventional carbonate electrolyte enable high-voltage and ultra-stable magnesium metal batteries

Magnesium metal batteries are considered as viable alternatives of lithium-ion batteries for their low cost and high capacity of magnesium.Nevertheless,the practical application of magnesium metal batteries is extremely challenging due to a lack of suitable electrolyte that can stabilize magnesium metal anode and high-voltage cathode simultaneously.Herein,we found that in-situ formed lithium/magnesium hybrid electrolyte interphases in conventional LiPF6-containing carbonate-based electrolyte can not only prevent the production of passivation layer on the magnesium metal anode,but also inhibit the oxidation of the electrolyte under high voltage.The symmetric magnesium‖magnesium battery can achieve reversible stripping/plating for 1600 and 600 h at 0.02 and 0.1 mA cm^(-2),respectively.In addition,when coupled with a carbon fiber cathode,the magnesium metal battery exhibited a capacity retention rate of 96.3% for 1000 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g^(-1)and presented a working voltage of ~3.1 V.This research paves a new and promising path to the commercialization process of rechargeable magnesium metal batteries.

Transient liquid phase bonding of TiC particulate reinforced magnesium metal matrix composite (TiC_p/AZ91D)

Microstructures and mechanical properties of transient liquid phase （TLP） bonded magnesium metal matrix composite （ MMC） joints using copper interlayer have been investigated. With an increase of bonding times from 5 min to 50 min at bonding temperature of 510 ℃ , the average concentration of copper in the bonded zone decreased, the microstructure in the zone changed from Cu, α-Mg and CuMg2 to α-Mg, CuMg2 and TiC, and mechanical properties of the joint increased. The shear strength of the joint bonded at 510 ℃ for 50 min reached 64 MPa due to the metallurgical bonding of the joint and improving its homogeneity of composition and microstructure. It is favorable to increase the bonding time for improving mechanical properties of TLP bonded magnesium MMC joint.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Magnesium Metal-organic Framework

A magnesium metal organic framework, [N-H2（CH3）2][-N（CH3）4][Mgs（bpdc）3（O2CH）6]· 3H2O （1, bpdcH2 = 4,4＇-biphenyldicarboxylic acid）, has been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. 1 crystallizes in the trigonal system, space group R-3, with a = 11.3427（3）, c = 41.5662（18） A, V = 4631.3（3） A^3, Z = 3 and the final R = 0.0457. Its structure features a pillared-layered three-dimensional network with 8.21 A cavities, in which cationic [NH2（CH3）2]^＋ or [N（CH3）4]^＋ and lattice water molecules are located. Thermal stability of the title compound has also been investigated.

Tailoring Electrode–Electrolyte Interface Using an Electron-Deficient Borate-Based Additive in MgTFSI_(2)-MgCl_(2)/DME Electrolyte for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries

Rechargeable magnesium metal batteries need an electrolyte that forms a stable and ionically conductive solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on the anodes.Here,we used molecular dynamic simulation,density functional theory calculation,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis to investigate the solvation structures and SEI compositions in electrolytes consisting of dual-salts,magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(MgTFSI_(2)),and MgCl_(2),with different additives in 1,2-dimethoxyethane(DME)solvent.We found that the formed[Mg_(3)(μ-Cl)_(4)(DME)mTFSI_(2)](m=3,5)inner-shell solvation clusters in MgTFSI_(2)-MgCl_(2)/DME electrolyte could easily decompose and form a MgO-and MgF_(2)-rich SEI.Such electron-rich inorganic species in the SEI,especially MgF_(2),turned out to be detrimental for Mg plating/stripping.To reduce the MgF_(2)and MgO contents in SEI,we introduce an electron-deficient tri(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)borate(TFEB)additive in the electrolyte.Mg//Mg cells using the MgTFSI_(2)-MgCl_(2)/DME-TFEB electrolyte could cycle stably for over 400 h with a small polarization voltage of~150 mV.Even with the presence of 800 ppm H_(2)O,the electrolyte with TFEB additive could still preserve its good electrochemical performance.The optimized electrolyte also enabled stable cycling and high-rate capability for Mg//Mo6S8 and Mg//CuS full cells,showing great potential for future applications.

Uniform nanoplating of metallic magnesium film on titanium dioxide nanotubes as a skeleton for reversible Na metal anode

To meet the low-cost concept advocated by the sodium metal anode,this paper reports the use of a pulsed electrodeposition technology with ionic liquids as electrolytes to achieve uniform nanoplating of metallic magnesium films at around 20 nm on spaced titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))nanotubes(STNA-Mg).First,the sodiophilic magnesium metal coating can effectively reduce the nucleation overpotential of sodium metal.Moreover,three-dimensional STNA can limit the volume expansion during sodium metal plating and stripping to achieve the ultrastable deposition and stripping of sodium metals with a high Coulombic efficiency of up to 99.5%and a small voltage polarization of 5 mV in symmetric Na||Na batteries.In addition,the comparative study of sodium metal deposition behavior of STNA-Mg and STNA-Cu prepared by the same route further confirmed the advantage of magnesium metal to guide sodium metal growth.Finally,the prepared STNA-Mg-Na metal anode and commercial sodium vanadium phosphate cathode were assembled into a full cell,delivering a discharge capacity of 110.2 mAh·g^(-1)with a retention rate of 95.6%after 110 cycles at 1C rate.

Micro or nano:Evaluation of biosafety and biopotency of magnesium metal organic framework-74 with different particle sizes

In recent years,various particulate materials have played important roles in medical applications.However,nano-and micron-sized particles of the same material could exhibit distinct properties due to different particle sizes.This finding provided a simple and effective way to improve the biological applications of particulate materials.Therefore,as a highly promising member,the effect of the particle size change of the magnesium metal organic framework-74(Mg-MOF74)was well worth evaluating.Here we firsth assessed the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of micron/nanoscale Mg-MOF74(m-Mg-MOF74/n-Mg-MOF74)in detail.Our in vitro study revealed that compared to micron-sized subjects,n-Mg-MOF74 provided a wider range of safe concentrations.Furthermore,both micron/nanoscale Mg-MOF74 showed good biocompatibility and allowed all the rats under the treatment to survive through the expected experimental periods,with n-Mg-MOF74 still showing lower cardiotoxicity.These advantages of nanoscale Mg-MOF74might benefit from its sustainable and balanced release of Ma^2+both inside and outside the cells.Based on the biosafety evaluation,advanced bio-functional assessments of m/n-Mg-MOF74 including early osteogenesis and angiogenesis were alsoperformed.Similarly,the suitable dose groups of n-Mg-MOF74 achieved optimal early osteogenic promotion and angiogenic stimulation effects.Overall,our combined data delineated the toxicity and biological behaviors of Ma-MOF74 of different scales,and sugqested nanoscale Mg-MOF74 as a better choice for future applications.This result revealed that particle size reductior might be a viable strategy to improve and expand medical applications of MOFs or other particulate materials.

Statistical model for combustion of high-metal magnesium-based hydro-reactive fuel

We investigate experimentally and analytically the combustion behavior of a high-metal magnesium-based hydro- reactive fuel under high temperature gaseous atmosphere. The fuel studied in this paper contains 73% magnesium powders. An experimental system is designed and experiments are carried out in both argon and water vapor atmo- spheres. It is found that the burning surface temperature of the fuel is higher in water vapor than that in argon and both of them are higher than the melting point of magnesium, which indicates the molten state of magnesium particles in the burning surface of the fuel. Based on physical considerations and experimental results, a mathematical one-dimensional model is formulated to describe the combustion behavior of the high-metal magnesium-based hydro-reactive fuel. The model enables the evaluation of the burning surface temperature, the burning rate and the flame standoff distance each as a function of chamber pressure and water vapor concentration. The results predicted by the model show that the burning rate and the surface temperature increase when the chamber pressure and the water vapor concentration increase, which are in agreement with the observed experimental trends.

金属颗粒增强镁基复合材料制备技术及性能的研究进展

镁基复合材料具有低的密度、优异的力学性能等特点,在汽车、电子、航空航天等领域有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了国内外金属颗粒增强镁基复合材料的研究进展,详细介绍了金属颗粒增强镁基复合材料常见制备方法的特点,分析了金属颗粒增强镁基复合材料的界面结构和主要强韧化机理。最后,对金属颗粒增强镁基复合材料制备材料及工艺的发展进行了展望。

Kinetic Factors for Intensive Reaction of Magnesium-Based Spheroidiser in Hot Metal

The spheroidiser is a necessary additive to manufacture ductile iron.Sometimes with the same hot metal,spheroidisers and treated technology,reactions differ greatly from each other.The reaction may be quite normal in one case,but very intensive for another one.The effects of kinetic factors such as size,surface area and morphology o f spheroidiser on the reaction of spheoidization are studied.

镁合金尾翼类构件径向同步加载工艺研究

目的针对常规挤压工艺成形尾翼类构件飞行时翼片径向产生挠曲变形的问题,提出了一种可调控金属流动的径向同步加载成形方法。方法结合ANSYS、Deform-3D有限元模拟和物理实验,分析径向同步加载的金属流动行为、等效应变和金属流线分布,通过拉伸实验测试成形翼片挤压方向(Extrusion Direction,ED)和横截面方向(Transverse Direction,TD)的力学性能,并通过观察显微组织揭示径向强化机理。结果径向同步加载通过对坯料施加周向压应力促进了金属径向流动,形成了沿径向分布良好的金属流线,有利于提升径向力学性能;采用该工艺试制构件表面质量良好,无宏观缺陷,且形成沿径向分布的宏观流线;翼片径向力学性能显著提升,屈服强度提升了57.8 MPa,抗拉强度提升了80.1 MPa,延伸率提升了1.4%,其强塑性的提升与纤维组织和块状LPSO相的纤维强化密切相关。结论实现了尾翼类构件的径向同步加载整体成形,通过调控金属流动形成径向分布良好的金属流线,提升了成形翼片径向强度,为高性能镁合金尾翼类构件的整体成形提供了理论基础和技术支撑。

镁金属骨科植入材料的研究进展

镁金属因具有优异的生物相容性、生物可降解性以及力学性能,能够满足骨科植入材料的长期使用要求,近年来逐渐成为骨科新型植入材料的研究热点。此外,随着镁金属植入材料制备工艺的不断完善,通过新型的加工方法、制备技术和表面处理等手段,可以进一步提高其性能,以满足镁金属植入材料在骨科领域的应用需求。尽管镁金属植入物目前在临床应用中还存在一些挑战和问题,如材料的稳定性、降解速率和组织反应等,但随着相关技术的不断成熟和进步,这些问题都可以逐步被解决。该文就镁金属骨科植入材料的骨代谢机制、镁金属在骨植入材料中存在的问题和优化方案以及镁金属植入材料在骨科领域的应用现状3方面进行综述,展望其未来在骨科植入材料中的应用前景。

可降解镁基金属引导骨再生膜的研究现状与展望

可降解镁基金属引导骨再生(GBR)膜具有良好的机械性能、生物降解性和生物促成骨性能,是治疗颌面部骨缺损的理想植入物。本文对镁基金属引导骨再生膜的现状和未来的研究趋势进行阐述。首先介绍了镁基金属的研究历史及应用领域,随后从镁基金属GBR膜的机械性能、生物相容性和促成骨性能及其机制方面介绍了镁基金属制备GBR膜的应用优势,最后对当前镁基金属GBR膜的局限性及在口腔医学中的应用和展望进行介绍。镁基金属GBR膜在基础和转化研究方面都取得了重要的进展,为治疗口腔颌面部的骨缺损奠定了重要的基础。

荷正电膜的制备及研究进展

随着分离体系复杂程度的增加及对膜分离性能要求的提高,荷正电膜分离技术发挥着越来越重要的作用。介绍了荷正电膜的制备方法,综述了荷正电膜在纺织印染废水、镁/锂分离、去除重金属和生物医药等方面的应用进展,探讨了荷正电膜存在的主要问题,展望了未来荷正电膜分离技术的发展方向。随着研究的深入及市场需求的增加,荷正电膜将迎来更大的发展空间,在解决水资源短缺、水环境污染方面发挥更加重要的作用。

半封闭空间内氢化镁粉尘爆炸火焰的传播特性

在自行搭建的5 L粉尘爆炸火焰传播特性实验装置中,实验研究了半封闭空间内氢化镁(MgH_(2))粉尘爆炸火焰的传播特性。实验结果表明:随MgH_(2)粉尘浓度的提高,MgH_(2)粉尘爆炸火焰由点火至稳定传播所用时间先缩短后延长以及预热区宽度先减小后增大,火焰亮度、锋面平滑度、及火焰传播速度呈先提高后降低的趋势,并在质量浓度为800 g/m^(3)时呈最佳燃烧状态。不同浓度的MgH_(2)粉尘爆炸火焰传播瞬时速度整体呈波动趋势,波动幅度随浓度的提高而先减小后增大,800 g/m^(3)时波动幅度最小,瞬时传播速度变化趋势随浓度的变化呈现不同的变化趋势。最后,根据MgH_(2)爆炸产物的XRD测试结果,分析MgH_(2)粉尘爆炸反应机理,发现MgH_(2)粉尘爆炸是以MgH_(2)燃烧反应为主并伴随有MgH_(2)和Mg(OH)2分解以及Mg和H_(2)氧化等多个总包反应的复杂过程,爆炸反应的最终产物为MgO。

燃煤锅炉烟气湿法脱硫废水中重金属及钙镁离子沉淀规律研究

燃煤锅炉烟气湿法脱硫废水中的重金属及钙镁等离子危害较大,开展其沉淀去除规律的研究有利于废水中有用元素的资源化回收和废水的回用。采用碱液沉淀法对脱硫废水进行分级处理,对沉淀产物采用SEM-EDS等手段进行表征。结果表明,采用氢氧化钙作为沉淀剂可以实现去除重金属、回收镁资源及去除氟化物和降低废水硬度等多种目标。在去除重金属离子的过程中,当脱硫废水pH值为9.0~9.5时,废水中的重金属离子可得到有效去除且达到污水排放标准,镁离子几乎没有损失,钙增加率也较低,仅为4.6%以下;将废水pH值调整为9.5~9.7可有效回收废水中的镁元素,镁的回收率在62%以上,回收效果较好。在碱性条件下,向废水中投加Na_(2)CO_(3)可有效降低废水中的钙离子和残留的镁离子,实现废水降硬的目标。不同pH值下沉淀物的SEM-EDS能谱显示,对脱硫废水进行梯级pH处理可以达到分级去除重金属污染物和回收镁元素的目标。通过对脱硫废水中重金属及钙镁结垢离子的沉淀规律研究,实现了废水的分质分盐有用成分的资源化回用,避免了产生杂盐危废造成二次污染的可能,达到了脱硫废水的零排放的目标。

钙锶镁锌交联藻酸盐水凝胶的制备及其细胞相容性研究

目的:制备4组含不同种类二价金属离子Ca^(2+)、Sr^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Zn^(2+)交联的藻酸盐凝胶支架,检测其理化性能,观察MC3T3-E1细胞在各组凝胶表面的黏附、增殖及成骨分化情况。方法:配制4组离子总浓度为6.5g/L且含不同种类Ca^(2+)、Sr^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Zn^(2+)的混合溶液作为交联剂,与海藻酸钠溶液发生螯合反应制备多离子交联水凝胶,依据所含离子种类分为Ca组、Ca-Sr组、Ca-Sr-Mg组、Ca-Sr-Mg-Zn组,Ca组为对照组。使用扫描电镜观察凝胶冻干后的表面形态,检测其降解、溶胀性能及Sr^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Zn^(2+)析出浓度。将MC3T3-E1细胞接种在水凝胶表面,观察细胞黏附形态,采用CCK-8法和活死染色法评价其生物安全性和细胞增殖能力。诱导MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化,检测ALP活性,茜素红染色观察钙盐沉积情况,RT-qPCR检测成骨基因的表达。结果:与Ca组相比,Ca-Sr组、Ca-Sr-Mg组、Ca-Sr-Mg-Zn组水凝胶的孔隙更均匀致密,凝胶的降解速度与溶胀率均减小(P<0.05),细胞在凝胶表面的黏附形态由球形变为多角形;与Ca组比较,Ca-Sr组、Ca-Sr-Mg组、Ca-Sr-Mg-Zn组水凝胶表面的细胞增殖活性、细胞内ALP活性、钙结节生成面积及I型胶原、骨形态发生蛋白2、Runt相关转录因子2等成骨基因的表达量升高(P<0.05),且Ca-Sr组、Ca-Sr-Mg组、Ca-Sr-Mg-Zn组水凝胶表面的细胞增殖活力及成骨分化效果依次提高(P<0.05)。结论:较Ca^(2+)交联的海藻酸钙水凝胶相比,使用Ca^(2+)、Sr^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Zn^(2+)混合金属阳离子作为交联剂,能改善藻酸盐水凝胶的理化性能,促进MC3T3-E1细胞在凝胶表面的黏附及成骨分化。

生物活性离子改性透钙磷石骨水泥的生物和理化性能

背景:透钙磷石骨水泥作为一种骨替代和骨填充材料,因其具有良好的生物相容性、骨传导性等优点,尤其是相比于其他磷酸钙类骨水泥具有更好的生物降解能力,在骨修复方面有重要应用价值,但也因其存在机械性能不足、固化反应快及注射性能差等问题的限制,目前一般只能用于非负重区骨的修复。目的:探讨生物活性离子(金属离子和非金属离子)改性透钙磷石骨水泥,以期拓展使用范围。方法:利用Pub Med、Science Direct和中国知网、万方数据库检索2018-2023年发表的文献,中文检索词为“金属离子,铁,铜,锶,镁,锌,非金属离子,改性,骨,透钙磷石骨水泥”;英文检索词为“metal ion,iron,Fe,copper,Cu,strontium,Sr,magnesium,Mg,zinc,Zn,non-metal ion,modification,bone,Brushite Cements”。通过阅读标题、摘要对所得文献进行初筛,排除重复及内容不相关文献,最终纳入64篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)生物活性离子影响透钙磷石骨水泥水化反应过程,不同离子以离子取代的方式掺入透钙磷石骨水泥晶体结构中,改变了骨水泥晶体形态,引起凝固时间、注射性、抗压强度等理化性能改变。(2)离子改性的透钙磷石骨水泥因不同的晶体结构而产生不同的离子释放效应,不同类型离子具有如促血管生成/成骨、抗菌及抗肿瘤等特性而发挥作用,此外,透钙磷石骨水泥具有良好的生物降解性,这对于各离子性能的发挥具有极大优势。(3)不同离子改性透钙磷石骨水泥理化性能影响如下:铁、铜、锶、镁、锌、银、钴可延长凝固时间;锶、镁可提高注射性能;铜、锶、镁、银、硅可增强抗压强度;能同时改善透钙磷石骨水泥以上3种理化性能的离子有锶、镁;良好的理化性能是临床应用的前提,故离子改善透钙磷石骨水泥的凝固时间、注射性及抗压强度等性能对骨水泥的研究应用具有重要意义。(4)不同离子改性透钙磷石骨水泥生物性能影响如下:铜、锶、镁、锌、钴、锂、硅、硒具有促血管生成/成骨效应;铁、铜、镁、锌、银具有抗菌特性;镁离子具有抗炎特性;铜、硒具有抗肿瘤性。(5)综上所述,镁离子能改善透钙磷石骨水泥凝固时间、注射性和抗压强度,同时具有促新生血管生成/成骨及抗菌性,对合并感染的骨缺损治疗具有良好应用前景;此外,铜还具有抗肿瘤特性,因此铜离子在感染、肿瘤引起的骨缺损治疗方面有巨大潜力;只是目前相关研究仍处于基础研究阶段,不同离子掺杂浓度和合成条件等对透钙磷石骨水泥理化性能的影响需进一步探索,同时对于生物性能影响也需更长期的研究观察。

An Insight on Future Development Approaches of Salt Lake Magnesium Resources:from the Current Situation of China's Magnesium Industry

Magnesium-bearing minerals discovered on the earth so far occur mainly as solid or liquid.The former include magnesite(Mg CO3),dolomite(Mg CO3·Ca CO3),carnallite(Mg Cl2·KCl·6H2O),bischofite(Mg Cl2·6H2O)and

可降解的Mg-1%Ca合金抑制宫颈癌细胞体外增殖、迁移及侵袭

目的研究Mg-1%Ca合金的降解性能及对宫颈癌细胞体外增殖、细胞周期及迁移、侵袭的作用。方法检测Mg-1%Ca合金在DMEM培养基中pH值及Mg^(2+)、Ca^(2+)浓度的变化。根据GB/T 16886.5标准制备浸提液,取宫颈癌细胞(SiHa/HeLa),与Mg-1%Ca合金浸提液共培养,CCK-8法检测细胞存活率,平板克隆实验检测细胞增殖,流式细胞术分析细胞周期,划痕和Transwell侵袭实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力。取人宫颈上皮永生化细胞H8,与Mg-1%Ca合金浸提液共培养,CCK-8法检测细胞存活率。结果随着浸泡时间的延长,Mg-1%Ca合金浸提液和纯Mg浸提液的pH值均逐渐升高。Mg-1%Ca合金浸提液在24、72、168 h的pH值分别为(7.95±0.04)、(8.15±0.04)和(8.24±0.06),均低于纯Mg浸提液的pH值(P<0.001)。浸提24 h时,Mg-1%Ca合金浸提液中Mg^(2+)浓度增加至(21.642±0.348)mmol/L,但低于纯Mg浸提液中Mg^(2+)浓度(P<0.001)。浸提24 h时,Mg-1%Ca合金浸提液和纯Mg浸提液中的Ca^(2+)浓度都是降低的,分别为(0.431±0.065)mmol/L和(0.403±0.055)mmol/L。Mg-1%Ca合金可明显抑制宫颈癌细胞(SiHa/HeLa)的增殖,宫颈癌细胞SiHa/HeLa存活率均<70%。Mg-1%Ca合金浸提液对H8细胞有一定抑制作用,但H8细胞存活率>70%。Mg-1%Ca合金明显减少SiHa/HeLa细胞的克隆形成数(P<0.001),增加SiHa/HeLa细胞处于G0/G1期的细胞数(P<0.01),减少SiHa/HeLa细胞迁移距离(P<0.001)和侵袭细胞数(P<0.05)。Mg-1%Ca合金浸提液与纯Mg浸提液相比,对两种宫颈癌细胞的抑制作用无明显差别。结论Mg-1%Ca合金降解速率更慢,具有良好的生物相容性。Mg-1%Ca合金可抑制宫颈癌细胞(SiHa/HeLa)的体外增殖,调控G0/G1期细胞周期阻滞,并能抑制其发生迁移和侵袭。这种抑制的机制可能与微环境中Mg^(2+)浓度和pH值升高有关。