Flotation Separation on Rare Earth Minerals and Gangues

The flotation process of native rare earth minerals such as bastnasite, monazite, mixed minerals of bastnasite and monazite, using the new effective collector Dh was studied, respectively, and the flotation properties were described. The good qualities of the new collector Dh were revealed through comparing with other collector of rare earth minerals. The test results of different ore samples showed that at moderate pulp pH (8.5～9.5), rare earth minerals could be effectively separated from barium, calcium and silicon bearing intergrowth minerals (barite, calcite and silicate minerals) and high quality rare earth concentrates could be obtained successfully by the new collector Dh, acid silica gel, turpentine and reagents fitting together rationally. In order to determine optimum technical conditions, the effect of pulp pH, pulp temperature, pulp density and the effect of dosage of reagents (Dh and acid silica gel) on the flotation were investigated in the test. Simultaneously, the mechanism of the flotation of rare earth minerals from intergrowth minerals was explored. The infrared spectra for Dh and rare earth cation by analysis in theory showed that Dh formed chelate complex with rare earth cation and were adsorbed on the surfaces of rare earth minerals. The mechanism of the intergrowth minerals depressed by acid silica gel can be explained as gummy colloid hydrolyzed from acid silica gel which were selectively absorbed on the gangue minerals, making them hydrophilic and depressed, with pulp pH value of alkalescent.

Fluid Inclusion Studies of Ore and Gangue Minerals from the Piaotang Tungsten Deposit, Southern Jiangxi Province, China

The Piaotang deposit is one of the largest vein-type W-polymetallic deposits in southern Jiangxi Province,South China.The coexistence of wolframite and cassiterite is an important feature of the deposit.Based on detailed petrographic observations,microthermometry of fluid inclusions in wolframite,cassiterite and intergrown quartz was undertaken.The inclusions in wolframite were observed by infrared microscope,while those in cassiterite and quartz were observed in visible light.The fluid inclusions in wolframite can be divided into two types:aqueous inclusions with a large vapor-phase proportion and aqueous inclusions with a small vapor-phase ratio.The homogenization temperature(Th)of inclusions in wolframite with large vapor-phase ratios ranged from 280℃ to 390℃,with salinity ranging from 3.1 to 7.2 wt%NaCl eq.In contrast,the Th values of inclusions with small vapor-phase ratios ranged from 216℃ to 264℃,with salinity values ranging from 3.5 to 9.3 wt%NaCl eq.T_(h) values of primary inclusions in cassiterite ranged from 316℃ to 380℃,with salinity ranging from 5.4 to 9.3 wt%NaCl eq.T_(h) values for primary fluid inclusions in quartz ranged from 162℃ to 309℃,with salinity values ranging from 1.2 to 6.7 wt%NaCl eq.The results show that the formation conditions of wolframite,cassiterite and intergrown quartz are not uniform.The evolutionary processes of fluids related to these three kinds of minerals are also significantly different.Intergrown quartz cannot provide the depositional conditions of wolframite and cassiterite.The fluids related to tungsten mineralization for the NaCl-H_(2)O system had a medium-to-high temperature and low salinity,while the fluids related to tin mineralization for the NaCl-H_(2)O system had a high temperature and medium-to-low salinity.The results of this study suggest that fluid cooling is the main mechanism for the precipitation of tungsten and tin.

Flotation Separating Rutile from Calcium and Silicon Gangue Minerals

Rutile separation from calcite, apatite and quartz by flotation was investigated. The results show that the rutile separation from calcium and silicon gangue minerals can be realized with alkyl-imino-bismethylene phosphoric acid (TF112) as a collector and sodium hexametaphosphate (SH) as a regulator.

Effect of Gangue Minerals on Hydrophobic Recovery of Gold

In this paper, the effect of gangue minerals on the hydrophobic recovery of gold is being investigated using ores obtained from the active small scale gold mining sites in Tanzania. Gold ores of different gangue contents were tested. The effects of silica gangue and high sulphide gangue on gold attachment were examined including the effect of surface activators (potassium amyl xanthate) and the possibility of depressing the effects of gangue using reagents. The results were evaluated in terms of gold recovery, volumes and grade of concentrates formed. There was no change in gold recoveries when the amount of oxide gangue (quartz) in the ore was increased, indicating absence of competition between gold and quartz gangue. High sulphide contents in the ore above 6% reduced gold recoveries considerably. It was noted that potassium amyl xanthate surfactants increased the attachment of both gold and the sulphide gangue. Using lime at pH 10 it was possible to depress the sulphide gangue which is mainly pyrite and hence increased gold recoveries considerably.

Utilization of Coal Gangue and Copper Tailings as Clay for Cement Clinker Calcinations

In order to avoid environmental pollution from Coal gangue （CG） and copper tailings （CT）, the utilization as cement clinker calcinations was experimentally investigated. Low-calcium limestone was also selected as another raw material. The clinker component and microstructure were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The experimental results showed that qualified cement clinker could be generated by substituting CG and CT compound for clay. While mixed with high-calcium limestone and low-calcium limestone, the calcinations temperature were 50 ℃ or 100 ℃ lower than that of clay. CT and CG contain oxygen-rich minerals and potential of geological rock energy. The energy of CG performs functions and drops down sintering temperature. The calcination time was shortened and the clinker sintering coal consumption reduced while substituting CG and CT for clay, and also served the reutilization of low-calcium limestone, CG and CT.

CO2 sequestration characteristics in the cementitious material based on gangue backfilling mining method

The increasing anthropogenic CO2 emission and global warming has challenged the China and other countries to seek new and better ways to meet the world’s increasing need for energy while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.The overall proposition of this research is to develop a brand-new CO2 physical and chemical sequestration method by using solid waste of coal mining and cementitious material which are widely used for goaf backfilling in coal mining.This research developed a new testing system(constant temperature pressurized reaction chamber(CTPRC))to study the effects of different initial parameters on mineral carbonation such as different initial water-binder ratio,initial sample porosity and initial carbon dioxide pressure.The experimental results show that the CO2 consumption ratio is 15%,10%and 7%higher with relatively high initial water-binder ratio,initial sample porosity and initial CO2 pressure within 48 h.In addition,some physical and chemical evidence was found through the electron microscope scanning and XRD test to further explain the above test results.This proposed research will provide critical parameters for optimizing CO2 sequestration capacity in this cementitious backfilling material with forming agent.

三元矿物掺和料胶砂试件性能研究

为解决煤矸石及钢渣作为单一掺和料强度不足的问题,以煤矸石、钢渣和矿粉为原材料制备复合掺和料水泥砂浆。研究不同配合比下掺和料对水泥砂浆抗压强度的影响,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段分析不同体系试块的水化机理和微观结构。结果表明,单掺煤矸石、钢渣均表现出较低的活性,而矿粉具有良好的反应活性;三元掺和料中煤矸石-矿粉-钢渣复掺比例为1∶7∶2时,试块的抗压强度最高,28 d抗压强度可以达55.26 MPa。在三元掺和料体系中,煤矸石、矿粉和钢渣可以相互促进水化,增多水化产物,加深水化程度,三者具有一定的耦合作用,具有制备三元矿物掺和料的潜力。

煤矸石精确产酸潜力评价方法对比研究

为有效避免重大酸性水污染事故,需提高矿山岩石产酸潜力评价的精度。通过全面阐述矸石中常见含硫矿物的产酸潜力计算方法,采用三步连续提取法测定了多个矿石和煤矸石中产酸矿物的硫含量,对比分析了精确产酸潜力和最大产酸潜力。结果表明:煤矸石的产酸潜力值取决于各产酸硫的质量分数和单位硫产酸值;对大部分样品,用产酸硫含量计算的产酸潜力值不同程度地低于用全硫预测的产酸潜力值;样品SC中的硫成分主要为砷黄铁矿硫,相比黄铁矿的单位硫产酸值更高,导致SC样品计算的精确产酸潜力相比全硫预测的产酸潜力更高;三步连续提取法适用于以铁和铜的硫化物为主要含硫矿物的煤矸石;当矿石中其他硫化物成分增多和空白样品混合不均匀都会对结果产生一定干扰。研究结果为准确评价矿区煤矸石精确产酸潜力提供了依据。

热驱动煤矸石碳氧化过程及产物土壤性能研究

针对煤矸石本身所含的碳基矿物,本研究对煤矸石进行中低温微氧化,研究温度、时间对碳基矿物转化效率的影响,阐明煤矸石所含碳基组分向腐殖质转化的过程机理.研究表明,中低温(150~180℃)氧化1~3h后,煤矸石热氧化产物中溶解性有机碳含量提升20倍以上,由8.76mg/L提升至176.72mg/L,有机碳比例可提升5倍,由1.2%提升至6%以上,有机质养分水平类似土壤普查养分分级中的1级土.有机碳提升的原因是热氧化过程使碳基矿物的C-C、C=C键向C=O键转变形成羧基、羟基等官能团,碳基矿物发生氧解向富里酸等腐殖类物质转化.腐殖酸含量的提升可有效改良煤矸石风化产物的保墒及团聚性能,使产物持水率超过砂质土壤标准,从而显著提升冬牧70的生物量.

矿化煤矸石混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能

为研究微生物菌液浓度、尿素浓度、钙离子浓度、煤矸石取代率对矿化煤矸石混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响,开展4因素3水平正交试验。结果表明:微生物矿化技术可显著提升煤矸石混凝土力学性能,煤矸石混凝土强度影响排序为煤矸石取代率>菌液浓度>钙离子浓度>尿素浓度,微生物矿化煤矸石混凝土力学性能和抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的最优配比为:菌液浓度4×10^(8) cells/mL、尿素浓度0.9 mol/L、钙离子浓度0.2 mol/L、煤矸石取代率30%;硫酸盐与水化产物反应生成钙矾石是硫酸盐干湿循环前期质量和抗压强度提升的主要原因,也是后期表观形态盐化、体积膨胀、鼓包掉落、强度降低的主要原因。研究成果可为微生物矿化煤矸石混凝土力学和耐久性提供试验依据。

矿物填料对水性超薄型防火涂料性能的影响

【目的】研究不同矿物填料及其复配比例对水性超薄型防火涂料性能的影响。【方法】以水性环氧/纯丙复配乳液作成膜物质;聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺作膨胀体系;钛白粉(TiO_(2))、煤矸石(CG)、膨润土(BT)、水滑石(LDH)作矿物填料进行了XRF、TG、FTIR和SEM分析。【结果】结果显示:单一矿物填料的防火性能由强到弱排序为TiO_(2),CG,BT,LDH.单一TiO_(2)填料防火涂料燃烧80min炭层膨胀倍率达到13.6,钢板背温为274.9℃,其炭层结构存在强度弱的问题。复配矿物填料能够达到高效防火、节能低耗、经济环保的目标,同时为矿物填料的高值化利用提供了一种新途径。当TiO_(2)、BT、LDH复配质量比为6∶2∶2时,燃烧炭层膨胀倍率为14.9,钢板背温仅为268.8℃;TiO_(2)、BT、CG复配质量比为8∶1∶1时,膨胀倍率为14.5,钢板背温仅为261.0℃,防火性能优于单一矿物填料。扫描电镜观测发现,BT、CG和LDH的加入使炭层表面结构更致密,结构更坚固。红外光谱分析可知,炭层的残留物中存在磷化物和金属氧化物,炭层结构强度增强。热重分析两种防火涂料的残炭量依次为36.35%、36.92%,炭层热屏蔽性能提高。

新型绿色浮选体系中菱锰矿与碳酸盐脉石矿物的浮选行为研究

以菱锰矿与碳酸盐脉石矿物白云石、方解石和菱铁矿为研究对象,通过浮选试验和Zeta电位、FTIR和XPS分析,系统研究了在新型绿色浮选药剂体系中矿浆p H值与药剂用量对4种碳酸盐矿物浮选行为的影响和界面作用机理。结果表明,捕收剂ZJS与抑制剂JBS可以发挥协同作用,是菱锰矿与碳酸盐脉石矿物反浮选分离的最佳组合药剂;在ZJS用量为60 mg/L、JBS用量为20 mg/L时,菱锰矿的浮选回收率仅为10%,白云石的浮选回收率大于40%,方解石和菱铁矿的浮选回收率均超过55%。Zeta电位、FTIR和XPS分析结果表明,在ZJS捕收剂浮选体系中,抑制剂JBS均以物理吸附方式作用于4种碳酸盐矿物界面,且JBS在菱锰矿界面的吸附能力强于其他碳酸盐脉石矿物,使菱锰矿亲水性增强,有利用反浮选分离;该新型浮选体系有望实现中高品位碳酸锰矿石中部分钙、镁、铁碳酸盐的脱出,为碳酸锰矿石进一步提质、降杂提供依据。

鳞片石墨粗磨粗选阶段杂质分布规律研究

为探究石墨在粗磨粗选过程中杂质分布规律,降低石墨粗精矿中杂质含量,以黑龙江萝北某石墨矿为研究对象,通过磨浮单因素条件试验和显微镜下矿物解离度分析,考察磨矿细度、捕收剂用量及起泡剂用量对石墨粗磨粗选阶段杂质迁移规律的影响。结果表明,磨矿细度增加,石墨单体与脉石有效分离,能减少杂质脉石进入粗精矿,杂质回收率从21.14%降至12.70%;捕收剂用量增加,脉石杂质回收率由4.51%升至10.73%,石墨粗精矿品位降低;起泡剂用量增加能够提高气泡的机械强度,防止气泡兼并,提高石墨的回收率,但起泡剂用量增加,夹带作用增强,细粒杂质脉石的回收率由3.8%升至6%。本研究结果为降低粗磨粗选阶段石墨粗精矿中的杂质含量提供了依据。

煤矸石资源综合利用制有机肥工程设计与研究

针对矿区煤矸石资源的排弃会造成大量的资源浪费,且排弃及存储堆放过程中对环境造成污染,渗滤液对地下水形成影响。辽宁亚太固废研究院提出了煤矸石资源综合利用制有机肥科的科研项目,通过自主研发的生产工艺技术,多次实验分析得到有机肥料配方,利用煤矸石为主要原材料,配加营养土、腐植酸、黏合剂、菌剂等作为原材料,经过生产加工成环保农业有机肥料。项目开发设计共2套生产工艺技术,1号、2号生产线为10万t/a颗粒状土壤增效颗粒,3号、4号生产线为40万t/a粉剂状土壤增强颗粒。煤矸石资源综合利用项目的实施将煤矸石固废进行了资源再利用,实现了节约矿产资源,改善水土流失,保护生态环境的目标。

梅山自产铁矿石矿物工艺学研究

为更好地开发利用梅山铁矿石资源,开展了工艺矿物学研究。结果表明:①半自熔性混合铁矿石中有回收价值的铁矿物磁铁矿、赤褐铁矿、假象赤铁矿中的铁总分布率达73.97%;磁铁矿多为粒状、不规则粒状、多孔不规则状,粒度悬殊,一般在0.03~0.6 mm,粗粒中常包裹有不等量的细小脉石颗粒,磁铁矿普遍发生了氧化蚀变,生成假象赤铁矿及赤铁矿,因而磁铁矿与赤铁矿共生关系紧密;假象赤铁矿部分与磁铁矿紧密交生产出,部分形成独立的矿粒,粒度一般在0.02~0.3 mm;赤铁矿多为不规则粒状、多孔状,粒度一般在0.015~0.4 mm,只有少部分赤铁矿呈单独矿物出现,与脉石矿物的嵌布关系较磁铁矿紧密。②不同种类的脉石矿物常构成脉石集合体,部分嵌布在不同种类铁矿物间隙,方解石、白云石结晶粒度较粗,与菱铁矿嵌布密切;石英晶粒较细小,部分聚集为集合体,分布较为分散,在脉石矿物及铁矿物间隙中均有嵌布;长石、云母等硅酸盐矿物分布较分散,多与细小石英混杂呈岩屑嵌布在不同矿物间。③在碎至-2 mm样品中,磁(赤)铁矿、菱铁矿单体较少,磁(赤)铁矿单体加富连生体合计占68.55%,这为在较粗粒度下进行预富集创造了条件,有利于减少后续磨选矿量,提高后续磨选给矿品位,减少细粒尾矿量,达到良好的节能减排、降本增效效果。

复杂嵌布高硫铜矿分选系统优化研究

本文以安徽某高硫铜矿为研究对象,以现场生产过程问题为导向,基于试样的矿石性质基础,经过系统条件优化对比试验,获得了具比较优势的铜优先浮选-中矿再磨再选工艺。试验结果表明,相对于铜优先浮选-中矿顺序返回工艺,铜优先浮选-中矿再磨再选工艺可有效降低分选过程中中矿的循环累积,强化铜粗选分选效率,减弱易浮易泥化脉石影响,提高金属回收率及精矿品质等;在实验室条件下,相对于中矿顺序返回工艺,以中矿再磨再选工艺处理试样1和试样2时,过程循环中矿铜金属累积量分别降低3%、11%,总铜回收率分别提高了0.6%、0.2%,对于试样1表现出铜粗选作业回收率提高5%以上,试样2表现出选铜精矿铜含量提高3.6%以上。本研究为复杂嵌布高硫铜矿资源的高效分选提供参考。

侵蚀损伤与高温耦合作用下改性煤矸石混凝土的损伤劣化规律

分别研究冻融侵蚀损伤及硫酸盐侵蚀损伤的改性煤矸石混凝土在200、400、600、800℃高温前后的损伤劣化规律,并从质量损失率、劈裂抗拉强度损失率及抗压强度损失率方面进行探讨分析。结果表明:钢纤维和矿物掺合料的加入显著提高了煤矸石混凝土在侵蚀损伤-高温耦合作用后的力学性能,其中粉煤灰-矿粉-钢纤维三者复合作用效果最优。建立了以抗压强度损失率为损伤变量的侵蚀损伤-高温耦合劣化模型,可以较好地表征冻融侵蚀-高温耦合及硫酸盐侵蚀-高温耦合下的改性煤矸石混凝土的损伤劣化规律。

CO_(2)+O_(2)地浸采铀脉石矿物与浸矿剂相互作用研究

在CO_(2)+O_(2)地浸采铀应用过程中,浸矿剂不仅与载铀物质发生反应,亦与脉石矿物发生反应。为探索砂岩型铀矿主要脉石矿物与浸矿剂的相互作用,在中性条件下(pH分别为6.20、6.40、6.60、6.80和7.00)对脉石单矿物及天然铀矿石进行高压釜静态浸出试验,对比浸出溶液中各种离子浓度变化和反应后渣样的形貌变化特征。发现:1)方解石溶解可产生HCO_(3)^(-)和Ca^(2+),HCO_(3)^(-)升高能加速铀浸出,而Ca^(2+)浓度升高会增加石膏和方解石沉淀风险;2)黄铁矿与浸矿剂反应易产生H+,阻碍CO_(2)与水反应生成HCO_(3)^(-),不利于铀浸出,但当黄铁矿与方解石同时存在,黄铁矿同浸矿剂相互作用会加速方解石的溶解,故对富方解石的矿石来说,黄铁矿的存在有利于铀的浸出;3)钾长石溶解可形成黏土矿物,对溶出的铀酰离子有一定的吸附性;此外,黏土颗粒细小,在地浸工业应用过程中增加黏土物理堵塞的风险;4)高岭石在浸出过程中会释放其所吸附的其他离子,同时吸附铀酰。渣样矿物学分析结果显示,各种矿物在浸出过程中均发生差异性溶解,其中方解石溶解最明显,表面逐步被侵蚀粗糙,钾长石表面溶蚀微弱;黄铁矿表面随着浸矿剂的作用逐步覆盖一层铁氧化物或者铁的氢氧化物;高岭石的微观形貌变化不明显。

江西花岗伟晶岩制备4N级高纯石英工艺研究

本试验研究江西棠阴花岗伟晶岩型石英矿石制备高纯石英的工艺路线并对其工艺条件进行优化,为当地特色石英矿产的高值化利用提供技术支撑。针对江西棠阴花岗伟晶岩,根据其矿物学属性提出了自磨-预筛分的新工艺流程以提高后续选别流程的石英纯度。探讨了自磨-预筛分粒径、磁感应强度、煅烧水淬温度、浮选药剂制度对石英纯度及产率的影响。在优化工艺的基础上进一步采用混酸酸浸工艺对石英精矿进行深度提纯,最终获得了产率为11.25%、SiO_(2)质量分数为99.991%、石英回收率为44.996%的高纯石英砂。该工艺对江西棠阴花岗伟晶岩样品表现出良好的选别和提纯效果,对花岗伟晶岩型石英矿石制备高纯石英的工艺研究具有一定的参考价值。

典型共伴生矿物对黄铜矿生物浸出的影响研究进展

自然界中黄铜矿与金属硫化矿物、金属氧化矿物及一些脉石矿物共伴生。在生物浸出体系中,这些共伴生矿物自身溶解出的离子与黄铜矿之间的原电池效应,以及它们的加入对黄铜矿浸出体系氧化还原电位的影响都会对黄铜矿的浸出效率产生影响。从脉石矿物、金属硫化矿物、金属氧化矿物3个方面综述了共伴生矿物对黄铜矿生物浸出影响的研究现状,旨在为提高黄铜矿浸出效率提供理论支持,并对其他难浸硫化矿的高效选别提供借鉴。