Nanoparticles（NPs） with easily modified surfaces have been playing an important role in biomedicine.As cancer is one of the major causes of death,tremendous efforts have been devoted to advance the methods of cancer...Nanoparticles（NPs） with easily modified surfaces have been playing an important role in biomedicine.As cancer is one of the major causes of death,tremendous efforts have been devoted to advance the methods of cancer diagnosis and therapy.Recently,magnetic nanoparticles（MNPs） that are responsive to a magnetic field have shown great promise in cancer therapy.Compared with traditional cancer therapy,magnetic field triggered therapeutic approaches can treat cancer in an unconventional but more effective and safer way.In this review,we will discuss the recent progress in cancer therapies based on MNPs,mainly including magnetic hyperthermia,magnetic specific targeting,magnetically controlled drug delivery,magnetofection,and magnetic switches for controlling cell fate.Some recently developed strategies such as magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） monitoring cancer therapy and magnetic tissue engineering are also addressed.展开更多
Huntington's disease(HD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded tri-nucleotide CAG sequence in huntingtin gene(HTT) on chromosome 4. HD manifests with chorea, cognitive and psy...Huntington's disease(HD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded tri-nucleotide CAG sequence in huntingtin gene(HTT) on chromosome 4. HD manifests with chorea, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. Although advances in genetics allow identification of individuals carrying the HD gene, much is still unknown about the mechanisms underly-ing the development of overt clinical symptoms and the transitional period between premanifestation and mani-festation of the disease. HD has no cure and patients rely only in symptomatic treatment. There is an urgent need to identify biomarkers that are able to monitor disease progression and assess the development and efficacy of novel disease modifying drugs. Over the past years, neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and positron emission tomog-raphy(PET) have provided important advances in our understanding of HD. MRI provides information about structural and functional organization of the brain, while PET can detect molecular changes in the brain. MRI and PET are able to detect changes in the brains of HD gene carriers years ahead of the manifestation of the dis-ease and have also proved to be powerful in assessingdisease progression. However, no single technique hasbeen validated as an optimal biomarker. An integrativemultimodal imaging approach, which combines differ-ent MRI and PET techniques, could be recommendedfor monitoring potential neuroprotective and preventivetherapies in HD. In this article we review the currentneuroimaging literature in HD.展开更多
目的:探讨磁共振成像评估鼻咽癌放射治疗引起放射性脑病的临床治疗疗效。材料及方法:24例鼻咽癌放射治疗后出现放射性脑病患者,在临床治疗前后进行MRI检查。结果:MRI显示病变累及颞叶者10例,脑干部位14例。MRI SE T1加权成像病灶均呈低...目的:探讨磁共振成像评估鼻咽癌放射治疗引起放射性脑病的临床治疗疗效。材料及方法:24例鼻咽癌放射治疗后出现放射性脑病患者,在临床治疗前后进行MRI检查。结果:MRI显示病变累及颞叶者10例,脑干部位14例。MRI SE T1加权成像病灶均呈低信号改变;T2加权成像呈等、高信号混杂改变。增强后扫描显示病灶区无强化者6例、不规则斑片状强化18例。追踪MRI显示9例病灶消失,4例临床症状缓解及5例症状消失;12例病灶大小形态无改变者中,3例临床症状经治疗后有明显好转,9例临床症状无明显变化。3例病灶增大者,临床症状无变化者1例及症状加重2例。结论:MRI可以显示放射性脑病经过临床治疗后的病灶变化,临床症状的变化与MRI所见不完全一致。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51125001,51172005,and 90922033)the Research Fellowship for International Young Scientists of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51250110078)+1 种基金the Doctoral Program of the Education Ministry of China (Grant No. 20120001110078)PKU COE-Health Science Center Seed Fund
文摘Nanoparticles（NPs） with easily modified surfaces have been playing an important role in biomedicine.As cancer is one of the major causes of death,tremendous efforts have been devoted to advance the methods of cancer diagnosis and therapy.Recently,magnetic nanoparticles（MNPs） that are responsive to a magnetic field have shown great promise in cancer therapy.Compared with traditional cancer therapy,magnetic field triggered therapeutic approaches can treat cancer in an unconventional but more effective and safer way.In this review,we will discuss the recent progress in cancer therapies based on MNPs,mainly including magnetic hyperthermia,magnetic specific targeting,magnetically controlled drug delivery,magnetofection,and magnetic switches for controlling cell fate.Some recently developed strategies such as magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） monitoring cancer therapy and magnetic tissue engineering are also addressed.
文摘Huntington's disease(HD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded tri-nucleotide CAG sequence in huntingtin gene(HTT) on chromosome 4. HD manifests with chorea, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. Although advances in genetics allow identification of individuals carrying the HD gene, much is still unknown about the mechanisms underly-ing the development of overt clinical symptoms and the transitional period between premanifestation and mani-festation of the disease. HD has no cure and patients rely only in symptomatic treatment. There is an urgent need to identify biomarkers that are able to monitor disease progression and assess the development and efficacy of novel disease modifying drugs. Over the past years, neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and positron emission tomog-raphy(PET) have provided important advances in our understanding of HD. MRI provides information about structural and functional organization of the brain, while PET can detect molecular changes in the brain. MRI and PET are able to detect changes in the brains of HD gene carriers years ahead of the manifestation of the dis-ease and have also proved to be powerful in assessingdisease progression. However, no single technique hasbeen validated as an optimal biomarker. An integrativemultimodal imaging approach, which combines differ-ent MRI and PET techniques, could be recommendedfor monitoring potential neuroprotective and preventivetherapies in HD. In this article we review the currentneuroimaging literature in HD.
文摘目的:探讨磁共振成像评估鼻咽癌放射治疗引起放射性脑病的临床治疗疗效。材料及方法:24例鼻咽癌放射治疗后出现放射性脑病患者,在临床治疗前后进行MRI检查。结果:MRI显示病变累及颞叶者10例,脑干部位14例。MRI SE T1加权成像病灶均呈低信号改变;T2加权成像呈等、高信号混杂改变。增强后扫描显示病灶区无强化者6例、不规则斑片状强化18例。追踪MRI显示9例病灶消失,4例临床症状缓解及5例症状消失;12例病灶大小形态无改变者中,3例临床症状经治疗后有明显好转,9例临床症状无明显变化。3例病灶增大者,临床症状无变化者1例及症状加重2例。结论:MRI可以显示放射性脑病经过临床治疗后的病灶变化,临床症状的变化与MRI所见不完全一致。
