Multi-Sinusoidal Waveform Shaping for Integrated Data and Energy Transfer in Aging Channels

Integrated data and energy transfer(IDET)is capable of simultaneously delivering on-demand data and energy to low-power Internet of Everything(Io E)devices.We propose a multi-carrier IDET transceiver relying on superposition waveforms consisting of multi-sinusoidal signals for wireless energy transfer(WET)and orthogonal-frequency-divisionmultiplexing(OFDM)signals for wireless data transfer(WDT).The outdated channel state information(CSI)in aging channels is employed by the transmitter to shape IDET waveforms.With the constraints of transmission power and WDT requirement,the amplitudes and phases of the IDET waveform at the transmitter and the power splitter at the receiver are jointly optimised for maximising the average directcurrent(DC)among a limited number of transmission frames with the existence of carrier-frequencyoffset(CFO).For the amplitude optimisation,the original non-convex problem can be transformed into a reversed geometric programming problem,then it can be effectively solved with existing tools.As for the phase optimisation,the artificial bee colony(ABC)algorithm is invoked in order to deal with the nonconvexity.Iteration between the amplitude optimisation and phase optimisation yields our joint design.Numerical results demonstrate the advantage of our joint design for the IDET waveform shaping with the existence of the CFO and the outdated CSI.

Source time functions of the Gonghe，China earthquake retrieved from long－period digital waveform data using empirical Green＇s function technique

An earthquake of Ms= 6, 9 occurred at the Gonghe, Qinghai Province, China on April 26, 1990. Three larger aftershocks took place at the same region, Ms= 5. 0 on May 7, 1990, Ms= 6. 0 on Jan. 3, 1994 and Ms= 5. 7on Feb. 16, 1994. The long-period recordings of the main shock from China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN) are deconvolved for the source time functions by the correspondent0 recordings of the three aftershocks asempirical Green's functions (EGFs). No matter which aftershock is taken as EGF, the relative source time functions (RSTFs) Obtained are nearly identical. The RSTFs suggest the Ms= 6. 9 event consists of at least two subevents with approximately equal size whose occurrence times are about 30 s apart, the first one has a duration of 12 s and a rise time of about 5 s, and the second one has a duration of 17 s and a rise time of about & s. COmParing the RSTFs obtained from P- and SH-phases respectively, we notice that those from SH-phases are a slightly more complex than those from p-phases, implying other finer subevents exist during the process of the main shock. It is interesting that the results from the EGF deconvolution of long-Period way form data are in good agreement with the results from the moment tensor inversion and from the EGF deconvolution of broadband waveform data. Additionally, the two larger aftershocks are deconvolved for their RSTFs. The deconvolution results show that the processes of the Ms= 6. 0 event on Jan. 3, 1994 and the Ms= 5. 7 event on Feb. 16,1994 are quite simple, both RSTFs are single impulses.The RSTFs of the Ms= 6. 9 main shock obtained from different stations are noticed to be azimuthally dependent, whose shapes are a slightly different with different stations. However, the RSTFs of the two smaller aftershocks are not azimuthally dependent. The integrations of RSTFs over the processes are quite close to each other, i. e., the scalar seismic moments estimated from different stations are in good agreement. Finally the scalar seismic moments of the three aftershocks are compared. The relative scalar seismic moment Of the three aftershocks deduced from the relative scalar seismic moments of the Ms=6. 9 main shock are very close to those inverted directly from the EGF deconvolution. The relative scalar seismic moment of the Ms =6. 9 main shock calculated using the three aftershocks as EGF are 22 (the Ms= 6. 0 aftershock being EGF), 26 (the Ms= 5. 7 aftershock being EGF) and 66 (the Ms= 5. 5 aftershock being EGF), respectively. Deducingfrom those results, the relative scalar sesimic moments of the Ms= 6. 0 to the Ms= 5. 7 events, the Ms= 6. 0 tothe Ms= 5. 5 events and the Ms= 5. 7 to the Ms= 5. 5 events are 1. 18, 3. 00 and 2. 54, respectively. The correspondent relative scalar seismic moments calculated directly from the waveform recordings are 1. 15, 3. 43, and 3. 05.

Source parameters of the Gonghe,Qinghai Province,China,earthquake from inversion of digital broadband waveform data

An earthquake of M S=6.9 occurred in Gonghe County, Qinghai Province, China on April 26, 1990.This earthquake was followed by three larger aftershocks of M S=5.5 on May 7, 1990, M S=6.0 on Jan.3, 1994, and M S=5.7 on Feb.16, 1994, consecutively. The moment tensors of these earthquakes as function of time were obtained by the technique of moment tensor inversion in frequency domain . The results inverted indicate that these earthquakes had a very similar focal mechanism of predominantly reverse faulting on a plane striking NWW, dipping to SSW.The scalar seismic moments of these earthquakes are M 0=9.4×10 18 Nm for the M S=6.9 event, 8.0×10 16 Nm for the M S=5.5 event, 4.9×10 17 Nm for the M S =6.0 event and 2.9×10 17 Nm for the M S=5.7 event, respectively. The results inverted also show that the source processes of these events were significantly different. The main shock had a very complex process, consisting of two distinct sub events with comparable sizes. The first sub event occurred in the first 12s, having a seismic moment of 4.7×10 18 Nm, and the second one continued from 31s to 41s, having a seismic moment of 2.5×10 18 Nm. In addition, a much smaller sub event, having a seismic moment of about 2.1×10 18 Nm, may exist in the interval of 12 s and 31 s, In contrast, the source processes of the three aftershocks are quite simple. The source time function of each of aftershocks is a single impulse, suggestting that each of aftershocks consists of a mainly uninterrupted rupture. The rise times and total rupture durations are 4 s and 11 s for the M S=5.5 event, 6 s and 16 s for the M S= 6.0 event and 6 s and 13 s for the M S=5.7 event, respectively.

基于压缩感知的波形指示反演在薄储层预测中的应用

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大牛地气田二叠系下石盒子组有效砂体致密、规模小、厚度薄,储层非均质性强且地震波阻抗叠置严重。为实现下石盒子组5~6 m致密薄砂岩储层的有效刻画,文中选取了盒1段气藏主力单砂体作为研究对象。在地震正演分析基础上,形成了叠前道集优化提质+压缩感知拓频+纵波标定+波形指示GR反演的技术组合,该技术组合将压缩感知技术与波形指示反演技术的优势有机结合起来,并在盒1段气藏主力单砂体进行了应用。预测结果表明:地震剖面横、纵向分辨率显著提高,其预测成果更加符合地质沉积规律,与实钻井吻合良好,实现了5~6 m致密薄砂岩的有效刻画。该研究为致密砂岩气藏薄储层预测提供了一种新方法。

基于相关波形不变性的数据丢包检测方法

针对数据采集处理系统中数据丢包检测问题,依据连续余弦信号自相关波形不变特性,提出一种基于相关波形不变性的数据丢包检测方法。该方法利用窄带数据自相关波形稳定性,通过对数据传输单元输出数据进行自相关处理求取数据相关波形,通过自相关波形差异化处理对该数据是否丢包实现检测。当数据传输单元输出数据存在丢包时,该数据由单码元调相变为多码元调相,致使数据带宽发生变化,进而引起相关波形发生变化,基于此,可对数据传输单元是否存在数据丢包实现检测和判决。理论分析和实验验证结果均证明了所述方法可行性和有效性。

国家测震台网中心强震动数据处理系统的设计与实现

为满足国家测震台网海量强震动观测数据的处理时效性、格式标准化、产品丰富度等需求,开发了兼容多类强震动观测站点且具备数据快速汇集、处理及归档等功能的强震动数据处理系统。该系统提供地震波形人机交互数据预处理界面,对加速度记录进行预处理,进一步分析预处理后的加速度事件波形数据,计算得到地震动各项参数,包括峰值加速度(PGA)、峰值速度(PGV)、峰值位移(PGD)、仪器烈度、持时、傅氏谱、反应谱和三联谱等,可以导出地震元数据、地震记录波形,对各类数据进行归档存储。该系统具有平台统一性、功能集成性、数据完备性等特点,有效提升了日常数据处理和管理能力,能在地震应急、震害评估和科学研究中发挥实效。

Elastic envelope inversion using multicomponent seismic data with filtered-out low frequencies

The absence of low-frequency information in seismic data is one of the most difficult problems in elastic full waveform inversion. Without low-frequency data, it is difficult to recover the long-wavelength components of subsurface models and the inversion converges to local minima. To solve this problem, the elastic envelope inversion method is introduced. Based on the elastic envelope operator that is capable of retrieving low- frequency signals hidden in multicomponent data, the proposed method uses the envelope of multicomponent seismic signals to construct a misfit function and then recover the long- wavelength components of the subsurface model. Numerical tests verify that the elastic envelope method reduces the inversion nonlinearity and provides better starting models for the subsequent conventional elastic full waveform inversion and elastic depth migration, even when low frequencies are missing in multicomponent data and the starting model is far from the true model. Numerical tests also suggest that the proposed method is more effective in reconstructing the long-wavelength components of the S-wave velocity model. The inversion of synthetic data based on the Marmousi-2 model shows that the resolution of conventional elastic full waveform inversion improves after using the starting model obtained using the elastic envelope method. Finally, the limitations of the elastic envelope inversion method are discussed.

基于一二次融合设备的配电网含分支线路参数计算方法

精确的线路参数是实现配电网安全经济可靠运行的基础。由于配电网的结构特点,难以获得准确的配电网线路参数。基于一二次融合设备的录波数据,提出了1种新的配电网线路参数计算方法。该方法能够精确计算配电线路的正序、负序和零序参数,包括电容参数。该方法能够适用于配电网点多面广、分支众多的实际情况,也能用于含分布式新能源的配电网,计算精度不受故障类型和负荷变化的影响。仿真结果表明,其计算结果和精度能够满足电力系统继电保护和电网运行的要求。

An envelope-based machine learning workflow for locating earthquakes in the southern Sichuan Basin

The development of machine learning technology enables more robust real-time earthquake monitoring through automated implementations. However, the application of machine learning to earthquake location problems faces challenges in regions with limited available training data. To address the issues of sparse event distribution and inaccurate ground truth in historical seismic datasets, we expand the training dataset by using a large number of synthetic envelopes that closely resemble real data and build an earthquake location model named ENVloc. We propose an envelope-based machine learning workflow for simultaneously determining earthquake location and origin time. The method eliminates the need for phase picking and avoids the accumulation of location errors resulting from inaccurate picking results. In practical application, ENVloc is applied to several data intercepted at different starting points. We take the starting point of the time window corresponding to the highest prediction probability value as the origin time and save the predicted result as the earthquake location. We apply ENVloc to observed data acquired in the southern Sichuan Basin, China, between September 2018 and March 2019. The results show that the average difference with the catalog in latitude, longitude, depth, and origin time is 0.02°,0.02°, 2 km, and 1.25 s, respectively. These suggest that our envelope-based method provides an efficient and robust way to locate earthquakes without phase picking, and can be used in earthquake monitoring in near-real time.

INFLUENCE AND CORRECTION OF SIGNAL SOURCE DISTORTION TO EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVE BITS OF WAVEFORM RECORDERS

In most effective bits evaluation of waveform recorders, the prerequisite is that there is no signal source distortion, or the distortion can be neglected. But when the distortion can be neglected or how it affects the evaluation when it can't be neglected it is not determined yet. In this paper, the influence of signal source distortion to the evaluation of the effective bits of waveform recorders is discussed, then, the correction method of the effective bits error caused by the distortion influence is given. Finally , the error limit of the effective bits is given and how to selecte the calibrator is introduced. In the end , some simulation results of the new method in test are described.

基于时序生成对抗网络和注意力机制的电器数据生成方法

在智能电网中,非侵入式负荷检测等技术的实现都需要使用大量标记过的电器功率数据,而这类数据的收集和标注十分昂贵、耗时并且容易侵犯用户的安全隐私。为了应对数据收集的挑战,文中提出一种将时序生成对抗网络和通道空间双注意力机制相结合的数据生成方法,用来合成与实际电器功率数据相似的合成数据。时序生成对抗网络结合无监督的灵活性和有监督的可控性,能够进行家用电器数据生成,注意力机制又能够使时序生成对抗网络注重电器启动时的波形,忽略电器未启动时的干扰,构建一个符合真实工况且随机的数据生成模型。文中使用五种性能度量指标对该模型生成的数据进行评估,并且使用主成分分析(PCA)降维进行可视化分析。实验结果表明,使用该方法生成的合成数据具有与真实数据非常相似的特征,并有较高的精度。

基于GBDT优化算法的内部局域网异常数据定位方法

为了实现准确定位异常数据传输节点,提出基于GBDT优化算法的内部局域网异常数据定位方法。采用GBDT优化算法选择异常数据特征,根据特征选择结果检测内部局域网中的异常数据;设置异常数据编码器,通过计算异常数据点与局域网核心节点间距的方式,完善具体的定位方案。实验结果表明,基于GBDT优化算法所定义的异常数据传输波形与被占位网络节点的数据传输波形保持一致,内部局域网对于异常数据传输节点的定位准确性能够得到保障。

不平衡样本数据下电缆缺陷时域诊断特征波形

电缆缺陷是局部放电量过大的主要原因,为有效控制局部放电量,维持电力网络的运行稳定性,在不平衡样本数据下提出电缆缺陷时域诊断特征波形识别方法。在不平衡样本数据的支持下,引入线性时域诊断特征确定与时域诊断特征相关的映射条件,完成对电缆缺陷时域诊断特征的提取。对已提取诊断特征波形进行变换处理,通过计算熵阈值指标的方式,完成不平衡样本数据下的电缆缺陷时域诊断特征波形识别。实验结果表明,应用所提方法后,可将由电缆缺陷引起的局部放电量控制在4.18×109 kW下,有效解决了局部放电量过大的问题,在维持电力网络运行稳定性方面具有突出作用价值。

基于α-DDTW算法与功率波形相似度的馈线OP互联匹配

OP互联是指供电企业内部对电力调度系统(OMS)及设备(资产)运维精益管理系统(PMS)中维护的台账数据进行有效关联。针对中压配电网10 kV馈线OP互联流程复杂、效率低下,且缺乏有效校验机制等问题,提出了一种基于配电网多源量测数据与系统台账信息的馈线OP数据校核与匹配方法。首先,从OMS和PMS中提取功率、设备参数等信息,并对台账及功率进行预处理,形成功率时间序列矩阵;然后,基于α-DDTW距离评估两侧馈线功率波形近似度,实现馈线OP数据的校核与关联匹配;最后,对华东某市电力公司的系统数据进行算例分析,验证了所提方法的有效性与实际工程应用价值。

全波形反演在复杂地表三维地震资料处理中的应用——以HQ工区为例

由于HQ工区目的层埋深浅,受复杂地表影响存在较大范围的空炮段,故在三维地震资料处理中常规速度建模方法得到的速度模型精度低、成像效果差。通过总结分析全波形反演数据准备与常规数据处理的差别,将基于armousi模型的全波形反演技术于HQ工区三维地震资料处理中进行测试应用,并开展应用效果评价。应用结果表明,全波形反演技术可以准确还原复杂地表条件下地下介质的结构和性质,建立较高精度的地下速度模型,对应的叠前深度偏移成像效果具有明显提高。研究结果证实了全波形反演技术的优越性,对于全波形反演技术于复杂地表地区的应用具有一定的参考价值。

一种无功补偿控制器延时时间测试方法介绍

文中介绍了JB/T 9663-2013标准对控制器延时时间的测试要求与控制器工作原理。结合标准要求与控制器输出回路工作方式,介绍了一种可用于测量控制器延时时间测试方法。在此方法中,通过数据采集系统测量通道采集控制器输出回路V12与K1至K12中DC12电压信号和取样电流回路三相开关进线端相间AC47V电压波形出现或消失时刻。利用采集到的波形,测量控制器接通与分断延时时间。

基于动态时间弯曲的地铁跨专业数据同步方法研究

跨专业数据融合分析是打破地铁多部门协作数据壁垒、解决多系统联合仿真困难的重要途径,而跨专业数据同步则是数据融合分析的重要保证。为了实现地铁牵引变电站与车辆数据的时间同步,从波形相似性检测的角度提出了一种基于动态时间弯曲的时间同步方法。通过将牵引变电站的电压波形数据与地铁车辆中的电压波形数据进行匹配分析,实现两者时间同步。结果表明该方法能够计算各个变电站与每一辆列车的时间偏移,具有较高的准确性和有效性,满足工程应用的需求。

SegNet-based first-break picking via seismic waveform classification directly from shot gathers with sparsely distributed traces

Manually picking regularly and densely distributed first breaks(FBs)are critical for shallow velocitymodel building in seismic data processing.However,it is time consuming.We employ the fullyconvolutional Seg Net to address this issue and present a fast automatic seismic waveform classification method to pick densely-sampled FBs directly from common-shot gathers with sparsely distributed traces.Through feeding a large number of representative shot gathers with missing traces and the corresponding binary labels segmented by manually interpreted fully-sampled FBs,we can obtain a welltrained Seg Net model.When any unseen gather including the one with irregular trace spacing is inputted,the Seg Net can output the probability distribution of different categories for waveform classification.Then FBs can be picked by locating the boundaries between one class on post-FBs data and the other on pre-FBs background.Two land datasets with each over 2000 shots are adopted to illustrate that one well-trained 25-layer Seg Net can favorably classify waveform and further pick fully-sampled FBs verified by the manually-derived ones,even when the proportion of randomly missing traces reaches50%,21 traces are missing consecutively,or traces are missing regularly.

A DTW distance-based seismic waveform clustering method for layers of varying thickness

Seismic waveform clustering is a useful technique for lithologic identification and reservoir characterization.The current seismic waveform clustering algorithms are predominantly based on a fixed time window,which is applicable for layers of stable thickness.When a layer exhibits variable thickness in the seismic response,a fixed time window cannot provide comprehensive geologic information for the target interval.Therefore,we propose a novel approach for a waveform clustering workfl ow based on a variable time window to enable broader applications.The dynamic time warping(DTW)distance is fi rst introduced to effectively measure the similarities between seismic waveforms with various lengths.We develop a DTW distance-based clustering algorithm to extract centroids,and we then determine the class of all seismic traces according to the DTW distances from centroids.To greatly reduce the computational complexity in seismic data application,we propose a superpixel-based seismic data thinning approach.We further propose an integrated workfl ow that can be applied to practical seismic data by incorporating the DTW distance-based clustering and seismic data thinning algorithms.We evaluated the performance by applying the proposed workfl ow to synthetic seismograms and seismic survey data.Compared with the the traditional waveform clustering method,the synthetic seismogram results demonstrate the enhanced capability of the proposed workfl ow to detect boundaries of diff erent lithologies or lithologic associations with variable thickness.Results from a practical application show that the planar map of seismic waveform clustering obtained by the proposed workfl ow correlates well with the geological characteristics of wells in terms of reservoir thickness.

中国地震台网波形数据整理及服务平台建设

对中国地震台网中心2008—2021年间存储的中国地震台网固定观测台站近150TB波形数据进行了归档和整理,并对数据可用率和断记缺失情况进行了调查统计。在建立波形文件索引数据库的基础上,建设了符合国际标准Web服务接口的波形数据服务平台,能够7×24h不间断提供数据服务,实现了用户通过应用程序自动获取定制波形数据的功能,为人工智能等新数据驱动技术在地震监测中的发展应用提供了支撑。