Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia off...Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia officinalis residues(MOR)as an example.The reluctant structure of MOR was first destroyed by alkali pretreatment to release the functional ingredients(magnolol and honokiol)originally remaining in MOR and to make MOR more accessible for hydrolysis.A metal–organic frame material MIL-101(Cr)with a maximum absorption capacity of 255.64 mg g^(-1)was synthesized to absorb the released honokiol and magnolol from the pretreated MOR solutions,and 40 g L^(-1)reducing sugars were obtained with 81.8%enzymatic hydrolysis rate at 10%MOR solid loading.Finally,382 mg L-1β-amyrin was produced from MOR hydrolysates by an engineered yeast strain.In total,1 kg honokiol,8 kg magnolol,and 7.64 kg β-amyrin could produce from 1 ton MOR by this cleaner process with a total economic output of 170,700 RMB.展开更多
Phytophthora nicotianae causes substantial economic losses in most countries where tobacco is produced.At present,the control of P.nicotianae mainly depends on chemical methods,with considerable environmental and heal...Phytophthora nicotianae causes substantial economic losses in most countries where tobacco is produced.At present,the control of P.nicotianae mainly depends on chemical methods,with considerable environmental and health issues.We investigated the effects of ethanol extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi(SBG)and Magnolia officinalis(MO).On mycelial growth,sporangium formation,and zoospore release of P.nicotianae.Both extracts inhibited the growth of P.nicotianae,with mycelial growth inhibition rates of 88.92%and 93.92%,respectively,at 40 mg/mL,and EC50 values of 5.39 and 5.74 mg/mL,respectively.The underlying mechanisms were the inhibition of sporangium formation,the reduction of zoospore number,and the destruction of the mycelium structure.At an SBG extract concentration of 16.17 mg/mL,the inhibition rates for sporangia and zoospores were 98.66%and 99.39%,respectively.At an MO extract concentration of 2.87 mg/mL,the production of sporangia and zoospores was completely inhibited.The hyphae treated with the two plant extracts showed different degrees of deformation and damage.Hyphae treated with SBG extract showed adhesion and local swelling,whereas treatment with MO extract resulted in broken hyphae.Mixture of the extracts resulted in a good synergistic effect.展开更多
Magnoliae officinalis is the plant source of houpo, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine to treat symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases. Its main active components, magnolol (MG) and honokiol (HK), have excellen...Magnoliae officinalis is the plant source of houpo, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine to treat symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases. Its main active components, magnolol (MG) and honokiol (HK), have excellent pharmacological actions, but little research has focused on the functional genes involved in the MG and HK metabolic pathways. In this study, using RNA-seq and gene expression profile, we present the first transcriptome characterization of M. officinalis leaves, twigs and stems. Based on similarity search against nonredundant protein databases, 30,660 contigs had at least a significant alignment to existing public database. Pathway analysis showed that 8707 contigs were assigned to 317 KEGG pathways. A second skeleton pathway with 14 putative homologous genes was also identified as involved in lignan biosynthesis. Expression profiles of these 14 genes showed that leaves and twigs seem to have higher transcript levels for lignan components than in stem tissue; this result was then verified by qRT-PCR. Our work will immensely facilitate metabolic research on lignan biosynthesis in M. officinalis.展开更多
Bark samples of Magnolis officinalis were collected from a 7-year-old trial plantation with 13 provenances in Jingning County of Zhejiang Province on June 25, 2000. The contents of magnolol and honokiol of M. officina...Bark samples of Magnolis officinalis were collected from a 7-year-old trial plantation with 13 provenances in Jingning County of Zhejiang Province on June 25, 2000. The contents of magnolol and honokiol of M. officinalis were analyzed by the method of HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatogram). The results showed that such qualitative traits as the content of magnolol, content of honokiol, total content of key phenols, and the ratio of magnolo to honokiol differ significantly between the provenances. The provenances with a sharpened leaf tip from the western part of Hubei Province has a highest content of phenols, and that with a concave leaf tip from the Lushan Mountain has a lowest content of phenols. All these four qualitative traits were genetically controlled, with a heritability between 0.8342 and 0.9871 in terms of provenance. In addition, both longitudinal and latitudinal geographical variations could be found, with longitudinal variations being dominant. As a result, 3 superior provenances from Wufeng, Enshi and Hefeng of the western part of Hubei as well as 10 high-quality individuals were selected.展开更多
西康玉兰(Magnolia wilsonii(Finet et Gagnep.)Rehd.)是木兰科木兰属植物,具有很好的观赏、药用和科研价值。该种繁殖能力弱,对环境要求苛刻,分布区域狭窄、种群较小,被列为国家Ⅱ级珍稀濒危植物。预测气候变化对西康玉兰分布范围的影...西康玉兰(Magnolia wilsonii(Finet et Gagnep.)Rehd.)是木兰科木兰属植物,具有很好的观赏、药用和科研价值。该种繁殖能力弱,对环境要求苛刻,分布区域狭窄、种群较小,被列为国家Ⅱ级珍稀濒危植物。预测气候变化对西康玉兰分布范围的影响,为西康玉兰的野生资源保存与可持续利用提供科学基础和参考依据。利用ArcGIS软件与最大熵模型(MaxEnt)计算西康玉兰主要气候因子的贡献率及对应不同适生等级的阈值范围,分析西康玉兰在全国范围内的潜在地理分布,并统计主要分布区域的不同等级适生区面积和现阶段分布点的比例,在4种气候情景(RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP6.0、RCP8.5)下,预测未来西康玉兰适生区分布范围以及其质心转移的变化。结果表明:MaxEnt模型预测西康玉兰潜在生境分布的特征曲线(ROC)训练集的AUC(ROC曲线下的面积)值为0.972;年均降水量、昼夜温差与年温差比值、湿度最小季度平均气温、最冷月份最低温是影响西康玉兰分布的主要气候因子,其贡献率分别为33.8%、26.7%、14.6%、14.3%。现阶段,西康玉兰的高、中、低适生区集中分布于云贵川三省交界地带,适生区总面积104.52×10^(4)km^(2),其中高适生区占总适生面积的16.62%,现有分布点处于高适生区内的比例为65.11%。未来20~50 a,全球气候变暖将有利于西康玉兰在中国的分布,其适生区分布基本格局不变,适生区总面积增加,但高适生区的东侧与南侧有缩减与破碎化的趋势;现阶段西康玉兰的潜在分布中心位于四川省的西昌市德昌县内,西康玉兰潜在分布中心有向西北部迁移的趋势,将迁移至西昌市的盐源县内。因此,对西康玉兰濒危资源的保护应结合地理分布,制定多样性保护策略(野生资源调查、野外回归的迁地保护、建立保护区、开展繁殖与栽培技术等)。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2019YFC1906601)China the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(C12021A04111)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ13-YQ-040).
文摘Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia officinalis residues(MOR)as an example.The reluctant structure of MOR was first destroyed by alkali pretreatment to release the functional ingredients(magnolol and honokiol)originally remaining in MOR and to make MOR more accessible for hydrolysis.A metal–organic frame material MIL-101(Cr)with a maximum absorption capacity of 255.64 mg g^(-1)was synthesized to absorb the released honokiol and magnolol from the pretreated MOR solutions,and 40 g L^(-1)reducing sugars were obtained with 81.8%enzymatic hydrolysis rate at 10%MOR solid loading.Finally,382 mg L-1β-amyrin was produced from MOR hydrolysates by an engineered yeast strain.In total,1 kg honokiol,8 kg magnolol,and 7.64 kg β-amyrin could produce from 1 ton MOR by this cleaner process with a total economic output of 170,700 RMB.
基金funded by financial grants from the Education Department of Hunan Province(SCX1840 and CX20190515).
文摘Phytophthora nicotianae causes substantial economic losses in most countries where tobacco is produced.At present,the control of P.nicotianae mainly depends on chemical methods,with considerable environmental and health issues.We investigated the effects of ethanol extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi(SBG)and Magnolia officinalis(MO).On mycelial growth,sporangium formation,and zoospore release of P.nicotianae.Both extracts inhibited the growth of P.nicotianae,with mycelial growth inhibition rates of 88.92%and 93.92%,respectively,at 40 mg/mL,and EC50 values of 5.39 and 5.74 mg/mL,respectively.The underlying mechanisms were the inhibition of sporangium formation,the reduction of zoospore number,and the destruction of the mycelium structure.At an SBG extract concentration of 16.17 mg/mL,the inhibition rates for sporangia and zoospores were 98.66%and 99.39%,respectively.At an MO extract concentration of 2.87 mg/mL,the production of sporangia and zoospores was completely inhibited.The hyphae treated with the two plant extracts showed different degrees of deformation and damage.Hyphae treated with SBG extract showed adhesion and local swelling,whereas treatment with MO extract resulted in broken hyphae.Mixture of the extracts resulted in a good synergistic effect.
基金supported by Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Plan(No.2015NZ0107)the special fund for forest scientific research in the public welfare(201104109)
文摘Magnoliae officinalis is the plant source of houpo, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine to treat symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases. Its main active components, magnolol (MG) and honokiol (HK), have excellent pharmacological actions, but little research has focused on the functional genes involved in the MG and HK metabolic pathways. In this study, using RNA-seq and gene expression profile, we present the first transcriptome characterization of M. officinalis leaves, twigs and stems. Based on similarity search against nonredundant protein databases, 30,660 contigs had at least a significant alignment to existing public database. Pathway analysis showed that 8707 contigs were assigned to 317 KEGG pathways. A second skeleton pathway with 14 putative homologous genes was also identified as involved in lignan biosynthesis. Expression profiles of these 14 genes showed that leaves and twigs seem to have higher transcript levels for lignan components than in stem tissue; this result was then verified by qRT-PCR. Our work will immensely facilitate metabolic research on lignan biosynthesis in M. officinalis.
文摘Bark samples of Magnolis officinalis were collected from a 7-year-old trial plantation with 13 provenances in Jingning County of Zhejiang Province on June 25, 2000. The contents of magnolol and honokiol of M. officinalis were analyzed by the method of HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatogram). The results showed that such qualitative traits as the content of magnolol, content of honokiol, total content of key phenols, and the ratio of magnolo to honokiol differ significantly between the provenances. The provenances with a sharpened leaf tip from the western part of Hubei Province has a highest content of phenols, and that with a concave leaf tip from the Lushan Mountain has a lowest content of phenols. All these four qualitative traits were genetically controlled, with a heritability between 0.8342 and 0.9871 in terms of provenance. In addition, both longitudinal and latitudinal geographical variations could be found, with longitudinal variations being dominant. As a result, 3 superior provenances from Wufeng, Enshi and Hefeng of the western part of Hubei as well as 10 high-quality individuals were selected.
文摘西康玉兰(Magnolia wilsonii(Finet et Gagnep.)Rehd.)是木兰科木兰属植物,具有很好的观赏、药用和科研价值。该种繁殖能力弱,对环境要求苛刻,分布区域狭窄、种群较小,被列为国家Ⅱ级珍稀濒危植物。预测气候变化对西康玉兰分布范围的影响,为西康玉兰的野生资源保存与可持续利用提供科学基础和参考依据。利用ArcGIS软件与最大熵模型(MaxEnt)计算西康玉兰主要气候因子的贡献率及对应不同适生等级的阈值范围,分析西康玉兰在全国范围内的潜在地理分布,并统计主要分布区域的不同等级适生区面积和现阶段分布点的比例,在4种气候情景(RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP6.0、RCP8.5)下,预测未来西康玉兰适生区分布范围以及其质心转移的变化。结果表明:MaxEnt模型预测西康玉兰潜在生境分布的特征曲线(ROC)训练集的AUC(ROC曲线下的面积)值为0.972;年均降水量、昼夜温差与年温差比值、湿度最小季度平均气温、最冷月份最低温是影响西康玉兰分布的主要气候因子,其贡献率分别为33.8%、26.7%、14.6%、14.3%。现阶段,西康玉兰的高、中、低适生区集中分布于云贵川三省交界地带,适生区总面积104.52×10^(4)km^(2),其中高适生区占总适生面积的16.62%,现有分布点处于高适生区内的比例为65.11%。未来20~50 a,全球气候变暖将有利于西康玉兰在中国的分布,其适生区分布基本格局不变,适生区总面积增加,但高适生区的东侧与南侧有缩减与破碎化的趋势;现阶段西康玉兰的潜在分布中心位于四川省的西昌市德昌县内,西康玉兰潜在分布中心有向西北部迁移的趋势,将迁移至西昌市的盐源县内。因此,对西康玉兰濒危资源的保护应结合地理分布,制定多样性保护策略(野生资源调查、野外回归的迁地保护、建立保护区、开展繁殖与栽培技术等)。
