Maillard reaction is a non-enzymatic browning reaction and its products(MRPs)have been proven to possess antioxidant properties.This research aimed to produce a fish gelatin-based packaging incorporated with MRPs to r...Maillard reaction is a non-enzymatic browning reaction and its products(MRPs)have been proven to possess antioxidant properties.This research aimed to produce a fish gelatin-based packaging incorporated with MRPs to retard lipid oxidation in chicken skin oil(CSO)during storage at ambient temperature(28℃–30℃).MRPs produced from fish gelatin and fructose(1:1,90℃,pH 11)showed the highest antioxidant properties compared to those prepared under other conditions.Different glycerol/MRPs ratios(30:0,25:5,20:10,15:15,10:20,5:25,0:30)were incorporated into the film and resulting films were characterized.Glycerol/MRPs at 10:20 ratio was chosen to add into the film prior to bag preparation via heat sealing method.CSO packed in the bag was monitored for lipid hydrolysis and oxidation during 15 days of storage(30℃±0.5℃,RH 52%±5%).After 15 days,quality deterioration was lower in CSO packed in the prepared gelatin bag as evidenced by lower FFA,TBARS,and volatile compounds in comparison with CSO packed in LDPE bag.Fish gelatin film added with MRPs possessed an excellent water vapor barrier property(WV-BP).This finding indicated that MRPs could be used to substitute glycerol and simultaneously could serve as antioxidants for the developed active bag.The novel packaging can be a potential alternative packaging for retarding lipid oxidation of lipid or fatty foods.展开更多
Maillard Reaction Products (MRP) was prepared from glucose and glysine heated at 90°C in air circulating oven for 12 hours. The effect of MRP on chlorophyll stability in green peas was investigated. The addition ...Maillard Reaction Products (MRP) was prepared from glucose and glysine heated at 90°C in air circulating oven for 12 hours. The effect of MRP on chlorophyll stability in green peas was investigated. The addition of Maillard Reaction Products (MRP) decreased the loss of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. The conversion of pheophytin and pyropheophytin were also reduced by the addition of MRP.展开更多
The stability of β-carotene microcapsules using Maillard reaction products（MRPs） derived from whey protein isolate（WPI） and galactose as coating materials, was studied under the varying environmental conditions o...The stability of β-carotene microcapsules using Maillard reaction products（MRPs） derived from whey protein isolate（WPI） and galactose as coating materials, was studied under the varying environmental conditions of temperature, pH, air, incandescent light, and ultraviolet（UV） light.Scanning electron microscopy showed that microcapsules prepared by WPI-galactose MRPs displayed a smooth and less concave-convex surface and that the particle size（D_（50）） of the microcapsules made with WPI-galactose MRPs was smaller than those made with WPI-galactose mixture.The storage stability of β-carotene microencapsulated in WPI-galactose MRPs was remarkably better than that of β-carotene microencapsulated in the WPI-galactose mixture and that of β-carotene crystal, in respect of temperature, pH, air, incandescent light, and UV light measurements.When the storage temperature was increased from 5 to 105 ℃, the retention rate of β-carotene microcapsules significantly decreased（P〈0.05）.When p H values were increased from 1 to 12, the β-carotene retention rate of the microcapsules significantly increased and afterward decreased.Compared with the retention rate of β-carotene microencapsulated in a WPI-galactose mixture, the retention rate of β-carotene microencapsulated in WPI-galactose MRPs was at a maximum between pH 8 and 9.Under the actions of air, incandescent light, and UV light, the retention rates of β-carotene microcapsules in WPI-galactose MRPs and WPI-galactose mixture, as well as in β-carotene crystal, decreased significantly as the storage time increased（P〈0.05）.Therefore, the use of WPI-galactose MRPs as coating materials can aid in improving the storage stability of β-carotene microcapsules.展开更多
Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are a heterogeneous collection of compounds formed during industrial processing and home cooking through a sequence of nonenzymatic glycation reactions.The modern western diet is f...Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are a heterogeneous collection of compounds formed during industrial processing and home cooking through a sequence of nonenzymatic glycation reactions.The modern western diet is full of heat-treated foods that contribute to AGE intake.Foods high in AGEs in the contemporary diet include processed cereal products.Due to industrialization and marketing strategies,restaurant meals are modified rather than being traditionally or conventionally cooked.Fried,grilled,baked,and boiled foods have the greatest AGE levels.Higher AGE-content foods include dry nuts,roasted walnuts,sunflower seeds,fried chicken,bacon,and beef.Animal proteins and processed plant foods contain furosine,acrylamide,heterocyclic amines,and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.Furosine(2-furoil-methyl-lysine)is an amino acid found in cooked meat products and other processed foods.High concentrations of carboxymethyl-lysine,carboxyethyl-lysine,and methylglyoxal-O are found in heat-treated nonvegetarian foods,peanut butter,and cereal items.Increased plasma levels of AGEs,which are harmful chemicals that lead to age-related diseases and physiological aging,diabetes,and autoimmune/inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.AGEs in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases have been linked to individuals with diabetes mellitus who have peripheral nerves with high amounts of AGEs and diabetes has been linked to increased myelin glycation.Insulin resistance and hyperglycemia can impact numerous human tissues and organs,leading to long-term difficulties in a number of systems and organs,including the cardiovascular system.Plasma AGE levels are linked to all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes who have fatal or nonfatal coronary artery disease,such as ventricular dysfunction.High levels of tissue AGEs are independently associated with cardiac systolic dysfunction in diabetic patients with heart failure compared with diabetic patients without heart failure.It is widely recognized that AGEs and oxidative stress play a key role in the cardiovascular complications of diabetes because they both influence and are impacted by oxidative stress.All chronic illnesses involve protein,lipid,or nucleic acid modifications including crosslinked and nondegradable aggregates known as AGEs.Endogenous AGE formation or dietary AGE uptake can result in additional protein modifications and stimulation of several inflammatory signaling pathways.Many of these systems,however,require additional explanation because they are not entirely obvious.This review summarizes the current evidence regarding dietary sources of AGEs and metabolism-related complications associated with AGEs.展开更多
The recombinant DNA technology enabled the produ-ction of a variety of human therapeutic proteins. Accumulated clinical experience, however, indicates that the formation of antibodies against such proteins is a genera...The recombinant DNA technology enabled the produ-ction of a variety of human therapeutic proteins. Accumulated clinical experience, however, indicates that the formation of antibodies against such proteins is a general phenomenon rather than an exception. The immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins results in inefficient therapy and in the development of undesired, sometimes life-threatening, side reactions. The human proteins, designed for clinical application, usually have the same amino acid sequence as their native prototypes and it is not yet fully clear what the reasons for their immunogenicity are. In previous studies we have demonstrated for the first time that interferon-b （IFN-b） pharmaceuticals, used for treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis, do contain advanced glycation end products （AGEs） that contribute to IFN-b immunogenicity. AGEs are the fnal products of a chemical reaction known as the Maillard reaction or glycation, which implication in protein drugs’ immunogenicity has been overlooked so far. Therefore, the aim of the present article is to provide a comprehensive overview on the Maillard reaction with emphasis on experimental data and theoretical consideration telling us why the Maillard reaction warrants special attention in the context of the well-documented protein drugs’ immunogenicity.展开更多
Harmful Maillard reaction products(HMRPs)derived from brown fermented milk pose a potential threat to human health,but the conversion mechanism during the manufacturing process remains elusive and urgently needs to be...Harmful Maillard reaction products(HMRPs)derived from brown fermented milk pose a potential threat to human health,but the conversion mechanism during the manufacturing process remains elusive and urgently needs to be controlled.Acrylamide(FC 2.14,adjusted p-value=0.041),5-hydroxymethylfurfural(FC 2.61,adjusted p-value=0.026)and methylglyoxal(FC 2.07,adjusted p-value=0.019)were identified as the significantly increased HMRPs after browning in this study and the analysis of proteomics integrated with untargeted metabolomics demonstrated that the degradation of HMRPs was jointly accomplished by Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus.The galactose oligosaccharide metabolism in Streptococcus thermophilus was identified as a key biochemical reaction for HMRPs degradation,and the hydrolysates of pectin could be utilized as prebiotics for Streptococcus thermophilus.Eighteen classes of enzymes of L.bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus related to energy metabolism were upregulated in the pectin-added group,indicating that the entry of acrylamide and methylglyoxal into the tricarboxylic acid cycle was accelerated.NAD-aldehyde dehydrogenase and alanine dehydrogenase are enzymes belonging to Streptococcus thermophilus,and their downregulation accelerated the efflux of acetate,which was beneficial for the proliferation of L.bulgaricus and prevented the conversion of pyruvate to l-alanine,thus facilitating the energy metabolism.The recoveries and relative standard deviations of the intraday and interday precision experiments were 89.1%-112.5%,1.3%-8.4%and 2.1%-9.4%,respectively,indicating that the developed approach was credible.Sensory evaluation results revealed that the brown fermented milk added with pectin had a better flavor,which was due to the fact that the supplement of polysaccharide promoted the fatty acid metabolism of lactic acid bacteria and increased the aroma substances including octoic acid and valeric acid.This study provided an insight into the formation and degradation mechanism of HMRPs in brown fermented milk,aiming to reduce the intake of advanced glycation end products in the diet.展开更多
文摘Maillard reaction is a non-enzymatic browning reaction and its products(MRPs)have been proven to possess antioxidant properties.This research aimed to produce a fish gelatin-based packaging incorporated with MRPs to retard lipid oxidation in chicken skin oil(CSO)during storage at ambient temperature(28℃–30℃).MRPs produced from fish gelatin and fructose(1:1,90℃,pH 11)showed the highest antioxidant properties compared to those prepared under other conditions.Different glycerol/MRPs ratios(30:0,25:5,20:10,15:15,10:20,5:25,0:30)were incorporated into the film and resulting films were characterized.Glycerol/MRPs at 10:20 ratio was chosen to add into the film prior to bag preparation via heat sealing method.CSO packed in the bag was monitored for lipid hydrolysis and oxidation during 15 days of storage(30℃±0.5℃,RH 52%±5%).After 15 days,quality deterioration was lower in CSO packed in the prepared gelatin bag as evidenced by lower FFA,TBARS,and volatile compounds in comparison with CSO packed in LDPE bag.Fish gelatin film added with MRPs possessed an excellent water vapor barrier property(WV-BP).This finding indicated that MRPs could be used to substitute glycerol and simultaneously could serve as antioxidants for the developed active bag.The novel packaging can be a potential alternative packaging for retarding lipid oxidation of lipid or fatty foods.
文摘Maillard Reaction Products (MRP) was prepared from glucose and glysine heated at 90°C in air circulating oven for 12 hours. The effect of MRP on chlorophyll stability in green peas was investigated. The addition of Maillard Reaction Products (MRP) decreased the loss of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. The conversion of pheophytin and pyropheophytin were also reduced by the addition of MRP.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(No.C2017029)the Academic Research Program of Northeast Agricultural University(No.16XG21)the National“Twelfth Five-Year”Plan for Science and Technology Support Program of China(No.2013BAD18B06)
文摘The stability of β-carotene microcapsules using Maillard reaction products（MRPs） derived from whey protein isolate（WPI） and galactose as coating materials, was studied under the varying environmental conditions of temperature, pH, air, incandescent light, and ultraviolet（UV） light.Scanning electron microscopy showed that microcapsules prepared by WPI-galactose MRPs displayed a smooth and less concave-convex surface and that the particle size（D_（50）） of the microcapsules made with WPI-galactose MRPs was smaller than those made with WPI-galactose mixture.The storage stability of β-carotene microencapsulated in WPI-galactose MRPs was remarkably better than that of β-carotene microencapsulated in the WPI-galactose mixture and that of β-carotene crystal, in respect of temperature, pH, air, incandescent light, and UV light measurements.When the storage temperature was increased from 5 to 105 ℃, the retention rate of β-carotene microcapsules significantly decreased（P〈0.05）.When p H values were increased from 1 to 12, the β-carotene retention rate of the microcapsules significantly increased and afterward decreased.Compared with the retention rate of β-carotene microencapsulated in a WPI-galactose mixture, the retention rate of β-carotene microencapsulated in WPI-galactose MRPs was at a maximum between pH 8 and 9.Under the actions of air, incandescent light, and UV light, the retention rates of β-carotene microcapsules in WPI-galactose MRPs and WPI-galactose mixture, as well as in β-carotene crystal, decreased significantly as the storage time increased（P〈0.05）.Therefore, the use of WPI-galactose MRPs as coating materials can aid in improving the storage stability of β-carotene microcapsules.
基金Supported by the Deputyship for Research and Innovation,Ministry of Education and Qassim University,Saudi Arabia(Project No.QUIF-2-2-1-27012).
文摘Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are a heterogeneous collection of compounds formed during industrial processing and home cooking through a sequence of nonenzymatic glycation reactions.The modern western diet is full of heat-treated foods that contribute to AGE intake.Foods high in AGEs in the contemporary diet include processed cereal products.Due to industrialization and marketing strategies,restaurant meals are modified rather than being traditionally or conventionally cooked.Fried,grilled,baked,and boiled foods have the greatest AGE levels.Higher AGE-content foods include dry nuts,roasted walnuts,sunflower seeds,fried chicken,bacon,and beef.Animal proteins and processed plant foods contain furosine,acrylamide,heterocyclic amines,and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.Furosine(2-furoil-methyl-lysine)is an amino acid found in cooked meat products and other processed foods.High concentrations of carboxymethyl-lysine,carboxyethyl-lysine,and methylglyoxal-O are found in heat-treated nonvegetarian foods,peanut butter,and cereal items.Increased plasma levels of AGEs,which are harmful chemicals that lead to age-related diseases and physiological aging,diabetes,and autoimmune/inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.AGEs in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases have been linked to individuals with diabetes mellitus who have peripheral nerves with high amounts of AGEs and diabetes has been linked to increased myelin glycation.Insulin resistance and hyperglycemia can impact numerous human tissues and organs,leading to long-term difficulties in a number of systems and organs,including the cardiovascular system.Plasma AGE levels are linked to all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes who have fatal or nonfatal coronary artery disease,such as ventricular dysfunction.High levels of tissue AGEs are independently associated with cardiac systolic dysfunction in diabetic patients with heart failure compared with diabetic patients without heart failure.It is widely recognized that AGEs and oxidative stress play a key role in the cardiovascular complications of diabetes because they both influence and are impacted by oxidative stress.All chronic illnesses involve protein,lipid,or nucleic acid modifications including crosslinked and nondegradable aggregates known as AGEs.Endogenous AGE formation or dietary AGE uptake can result in additional protein modifications and stimulation of several inflammatory signaling pathways.Many of these systems,however,require additional explanation because they are not entirely obvious.This review summarizes the current evidence regarding dietary sources of AGEs and metabolism-related complications associated with AGEs.
文摘The recombinant DNA technology enabled the produ-ction of a variety of human therapeutic proteins. Accumulated clinical experience, however, indicates that the formation of antibodies against such proteins is a general phenomenon rather than an exception. The immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins results in inefficient therapy and in the development of undesired, sometimes life-threatening, side reactions. The human proteins, designed for clinical application, usually have the same amino acid sequence as their native prototypes and it is not yet fully clear what the reasons for their immunogenicity are. In previous studies we have demonstrated for the first time that interferon-b （IFN-b） pharmaceuticals, used for treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis, do contain advanced glycation end products （AGEs） that contribute to IFN-b immunogenicity. AGEs are the fnal products of a chemical reaction known as the Maillard reaction or glycation, which implication in protein drugs’ immunogenicity has been overlooked so far. Therefore, the aim of the present article is to provide a comprehensive overview on the Maillard reaction with emphasis on experimental data and theoretical consideration telling us why the Maillard reaction warrants special attention in the context of the well-documented protein drugs’ immunogenicity.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272401,31801643)Xianyang Science and Technology Plan Project(2021ZDYF-NY-0025)+1 种基金Xi'an Science and Technology Plan Project(21NYYF0056)Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(2021KJXX-37).
文摘Harmful Maillard reaction products(HMRPs)derived from brown fermented milk pose a potential threat to human health,but the conversion mechanism during the manufacturing process remains elusive and urgently needs to be controlled.Acrylamide(FC 2.14,adjusted p-value=0.041),5-hydroxymethylfurfural(FC 2.61,adjusted p-value=0.026)and methylglyoxal(FC 2.07,adjusted p-value=0.019)were identified as the significantly increased HMRPs after browning in this study and the analysis of proteomics integrated with untargeted metabolomics demonstrated that the degradation of HMRPs was jointly accomplished by Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus.The galactose oligosaccharide metabolism in Streptococcus thermophilus was identified as a key biochemical reaction for HMRPs degradation,and the hydrolysates of pectin could be utilized as prebiotics for Streptococcus thermophilus.Eighteen classes of enzymes of L.bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus related to energy metabolism were upregulated in the pectin-added group,indicating that the entry of acrylamide and methylglyoxal into the tricarboxylic acid cycle was accelerated.NAD-aldehyde dehydrogenase and alanine dehydrogenase are enzymes belonging to Streptococcus thermophilus,and their downregulation accelerated the efflux of acetate,which was beneficial for the proliferation of L.bulgaricus and prevented the conversion of pyruvate to l-alanine,thus facilitating the energy metabolism.The recoveries and relative standard deviations of the intraday and interday precision experiments were 89.1%-112.5%,1.3%-8.4%and 2.1%-9.4%,respectively,indicating that the developed approach was credible.Sensory evaluation results revealed that the brown fermented milk added with pectin had a better flavor,which was due to the fact that the supplement of polysaccharide promoted the fatty acid metabolism of lactic acid bacteria and increased the aroma substances including octoic acid and valeric acid.This study provided an insight into the formation and degradation mechanism of HMRPs in brown fermented milk,aiming to reduce the intake of advanced glycation end products in the diet.
