By using solvothermal method, two new main group metal coordination polymers based on 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (H2FDA) ligand, [Sr2(FDA)E(H2O)5]n (1) and [Ba4(FDA)4(H2O)10]n (2), were produced and char...By using solvothermal method, two new main group metal coordination polymers based on 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (H2FDA) ligand, [Sr2(FDA)E(H2O)5]n (1) and [Ba4(FDA)4(H2O)10]n (2), were produced and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, elemental analyses, IR, and powder X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 13.454(3), b = 13.426(3), c = 20.166(4) A, β = 107.06(3)°, V = 3482.4(13)A^3, Dc = 2.188 g/cm^3, CIEH14Sr2O15, Mr = 573.47, F(000) = 2256,μ(MoKα)= 6.21 mm^-1, Z = 8, R = 0.0522 and wR = 0.1229 for 2493 observed reflections (I〉 2σ(I)), and R = 0.0689 and wR = 0.1324 for all data. Compound 2 crystallizes in triclinic, space group el with α = 6.8382(14), b = 10.932(2), c = 25.571(5) A,α = 94.64(3), β= 95.41(3), γ = 107.83(3)°, V= 1799.4(6) A3, Dc = 2.484 g/cm^3, C24H28Ba4O30, Mr = 1345.82, F(000) = 1272,μ(MoKa) = 4.43 mm^-1, Z = 2, R = 0.0485 and wR = 0.0906 for 5020 observed reflections (I〉 2σ(I)), and R = 0.0706 and wR = 0.0991 for all data. In 1, the trinuclear clusters Sr3 are connected with adjacent four clusters by a carboxylate group to produce a two-dimensional (2D) sheet, which is extended by a FDA-based pillar into a 3D framework. In 2, neighbouring trinuclear clusters Ba3 are linked through two -O-C-O- of FDA^2- ligands to form one-dimensional (1D) chains, which are connected by a FDA-based pillar to construct a 2D framework. The thermal stabilities of 1 and 2 are also investigated.展开更多
It was shown by TEM and X-ray analysis that there are four types of grains of the main Ni3Al phase in the structure of the intermetallic obtained by the self-propagation high temperature method (SHS). Every type of gr...It was shown by TEM and X-ray analysis that there are four types of grains of the main Ni3Al phase in the structure of the intermetallic obtained by the self-propagation high temperature method (SHS). Every type of grains has its own domain and dislocation structure. There are mono- and polydomains with and without dislocations. The grains of the main phase of monoand polydomains without dislocations and polydomains with dislocations were formed by diffusion in the solid phase. In these conditions NiAl3 phase is located on the grain boundary of the main phase. The Ni2Al3 phase is located at the triple joints of the main phase.展开更多
Concrete structures in main coal cleaning plants have been rebuilt and reinforced in the coal mines of the Shanghai Datun Energy Sources Co. Ltd., the first colliery of the Pingdingshan Coal Co. Ltd. and the Sanhejian...Concrete structures in main coal cleaning plants have been rebuilt and reinforced in the coal mines of the Shanghai Datun Energy Sources Co. Ltd., the first colliery of the Pingdingshan Coal Co. Ltd. and the Sanhejian mine of the Xuzhou Mining Group Co. Ltd. In these projects, the operating environment and reliability of concrete structures in the main plants of the three companies were investigated and the safety of the structures inspected. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were made on the special natural, technological and mechanical environments around the structures. On the basis of these analyses, we discuss the long-term, combined actions of the harsh natural (corrosive gases, liquids and solids) and mechanical environments on concrete structures and further investigated the damage and deteriorating mechanisms and curing techniques of concrete structures in the main coal cleaning plants. Our study can provide a theoretical basis for ensuring the reliability of concrete structures in main coal cleaning plants.展开更多
Addition of myrcene and 3-methyl-3-penten-2-one followed by cyclization afforded perfume 'Iso-E-Super' with 2(?)-acetyl-2β,3β,8,8-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octalin as main component on the basis of its spe...Addition of myrcene and 3-methyl-3-penten-2-one followed by cyclization afforded perfume 'Iso-E-Super' with 2(?)-acetyl-2β,3β,8,8-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octalin as main component on the basis of its spectroscopic data.展开更多
The structural and morphological evolution of mono-domains in thin films has been investigated for a series of liquid crystalline (LC) copolyethers. The copolyethers studied were synthesized by the reaction of 1-(4-hy...The structural and morphological evolution of mono-domains in thin films has been investigated for a series of liquid crystalline (LC) copolyethers. The copolyethers studied were synthesized by the reaction of 1-(4-hydroxy-4 ' -biphenylyl)-2-(4-hydroxyl-phenyl)propane (TPP) with 1,7-dibromoheptane and 1,11-undecane at different compositions (coTPPs-7/11). In contrast to the solution-cast thin films without annealing, which exhibit the isotropic homogeneous molecular orientation, mono-domains with a homeotropic alignment were found in coTPP-7/11(5/5) after the thin films were annealed in the high-temperature columnar phase (Phi '). Similar to the nucleation process in polymer crystallization, transmission electron microscopic observations show that small mono-domains appear in the initial stage of annealing, where molecules form a uniaxial in-plane chain orientation. With increasing annealing time, the molecular orientation gradually became tilted with respect to the substrate surface, and finally, a uniaxial homeotropic molecular orientation was achieved after a prolonged annealing time. The lateral size of mono-domains was found to increase continuously with annealing time and grew into a circular shape, indicating an isotropic lateral growth scheme which implies a hexagonal molecular packing proved by the electron diffraction experiments.展开更多
The western segment of the Main Tianshan shear zone(MTSZ)branches into three major dextral strike-slip shear zones in the Borohoro Ranges,northwestern China.Mylonitic rocks within these zones exhibit vertical foliatio...The western segment of the Main Tianshan shear zone(MTSZ)branches into three major dextral strike-slip shear zones in the Borohoro Ranges,northwestern China.Mylonitic rocks within these zones exhibit vertical foliations,subhorizontal lineations,and dextral kinematics.The microstructures and CPO patterns of calcite and quartz in the tectonites suggest shearing at temperatures of 200℃ to 500℃ or above.The amount of dextral displacement along the zones is less than 100 km.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons from some pre-kinematic granites gave ages of 364-325 Ma and 316 Ma,and zircons from a syn-kinematic leucogranite gave an age of 291 Ma.We propose that dextral shearing along the MTSZ started in the earliest Permian.Our data indicate that collision between the Yili and Junggar plates might have finished before 325 Ma or 316 Ma,with a tectonic transformation from 325 Ma to 300 Ma,resulting in intracontinental transpression from 300 Ma or 291 Ma.We suggest that the formation of the Kazakhstan orocline(KO)took place in two stages,with the early stage of bending driven by convergence related to oblique subduction,and the late stage possibly associated with lateral disarticulation as a result of the dextral strike-slip shear zones.展开更多
Carboniferous carbonate reservoirs at the eastern edge of the Pre-Caspian Basin have undergone complex sedimentation,diagenesis and tectonism processes,and developed various reservoir space types of pores,cavities and...Carboniferous carbonate reservoirs at the eastern edge of the Pre-Caspian Basin have undergone complex sedimentation,diagenesis and tectonism processes,and developed various reservoir space types of pores,cavities and fractures with complicated combination patterns which create intricate pore-throats structure.The complex pore-throat structure leads to the complex porosity-permeability relationship,bringing great challenges for classification and evaluation of reservoirs and efficient development.Based on the comprehensive analysis on cores,thin sections,SEM,mercury intrusion,routine core analysis and various tests,this paper systematically investigated the features and main controlling factors of pore-throats structure and its impact on the porosity-permeability relationship of the four reservoir types which were pore-cavity-fracture,pore-cavity,pore-fracture and pore,and three progresses are made.(1)A set of classification and descriptive approach for pore-throat structure of Carboniferous carbonate reservoirs applied to the eastern edge of the Pre-Caspian Basin was established.Four types of pore-throat structures were developed which were wide multimodal mode,wide bimodal mode,centralized unimodal mode and asymmetry bimodal mode,respectively.The discriminant index of pore-throat structure was proposed,realizing the quantitative characterization of pore-throat structure types.(2)The microscopic heterogeneity of pore reservoir was the strongest and four types of pore-throat structures were all developed.The pore-fracture and pore-cavity-fracture reservoirs took the second place,and the microscopic heterogeneity of pore-cavity reservoir was the weakest.It was revealed that the main controlling factor of pore-throat structure was the combination patterns of reservoir space types formed by sedimentation,diagenesis and tectonism.(3)It was revealed that the development of various pore-throat structure types was the important factor affecting poroperm relationship of reservoirs.The calculation accuracy of permeability of reservoirs can be improved remarkably by subdividing the pore-throat structure types.This study deepens the understanding of pore-throat structure of complicated carbonate reservoirs,and is conducive to classification and evaluation,establishment of precise porosity-permeability relationship and highly efficient development of carbonate reservoirs.展开更多
In order to study the permeability and water-resisting ability of the strata on the top of the Ordovician in Longgu Coal Mine, this paper tested the permeability and porosity of the strata, investigated the fracture a...In order to study the permeability and water-resisting ability of the strata on the top of the Ordovician in Longgu Coal Mine, this paper tested the permeability and porosity of the strata, investigated the fracture and pore structure features of the strata, and identified the main channels which govern the permeability and water-resisting ability of the strata. The permeability of the upper, central and lower strata shows as2.0504 ·10à3–2.782762 · 10à3, 4.1092 ·10à3–7.3387·10à3and 2.0891·10à3–3.2705 ·10à3lm2,respectively, and porosity of that is 0.6786–0.9197%, 0.3109–0.3951% and 0.9829–1.8655%, respectively.The results indicate that:(1) the main channels of the relative water-resisting layer are the pore throats with a diameter more than 6 lm;(2) the major proportion of pore throats in the vertical flow channel and the permeability first increases and then sharply decreases;(3) the fractures occurring from the top to20 m in depth of the strata were filled and there occurred almost no fracture under the depth of 40 m;and(4) the ratio of turning point of the main flow channel in the strata on top of Ordovician can be used to confirm the thickness of filled water-resisting layers.展开更多
In order to study the influence of square-cone energy-absorbing structures on the mechanical behaviour of the ollision performance of the leading vehicle,a parameterization method for rapidly changing the performance ...In order to study the influence of square-cone energy-absorbing structures on the mechanical behaviour of the ollision performance of the leading vehicle,a parameterization method for rapidly changing the performance of energy-absorbing structures was proposed.Firstly,a finite element simulation model of the collision of the leading vehicle with a square-cone energy-absorbing structure was constructed.Then,the platform force,the slope of the platform force and the initial peak force of the force-displacement curve derived from the energy-absorbing structure were studied for the collision performance of the leading vehicle.Finally,the correlation model of the square-cone energy-absorbing structure and the mechanical behaviour of the collision performance of the leading vehicle was established by the response surface method.The results showed that the increase of the platform force of the energy-absorbing structure can effectively buffer the longitudinal impact of the train and reduce the nodding attitude of the train.The increase of the platform force slope can not only effectively buffer the longitudinal impact and vertical nodding of the train,but also reduce the lateral swing of the train.An increase in the initial peak force to a certain extent may lead to a change in the deformation mode,thereby reducing the energy-absorption fficiency.The correlation model can guide the design of the square-cone energy-absorbing structure and predict the deformation attitude of the leading vehicle.展开更多
基金supported by URT program of Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology(2015J00058 and 2015J00056)
文摘By using solvothermal method, two new main group metal coordination polymers based on 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (H2FDA) ligand, [Sr2(FDA)E(H2O)5]n (1) and [Ba4(FDA)4(H2O)10]n (2), were produced and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, elemental analyses, IR, and powder X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 13.454(3), b = 13.426(3), c = 20.166(4) A, β = 107.06(3)°, V = 3482.4(13)A^3, Dc = 2.188 g/cm^3, CIEH14Sr2O15, Mr = 573.47, F(000) = 2256,μ(MoKα)= 6.21 mm^-1, Z = 8, R = 0.0522 and wR = 0.1229 for 2493 observed reflections (I〉 2σ(I)), and R = 0.0689 and wR = 0.1324 for all data. Compound 2 crystallizes in triclinic, space group el with α = 6.8382(14), b = 10.932(2), c = 25.571(5) A,α = 94.64(3), β= 95.41(3), γ = 107.83(3)°, V= 1799.4(6) A3, Dc = 2.484 g/cm^3, C24H28Ba4O30, Mr = 1345.82, F(000) = 1272,μ(MoKa) = 4.43 mm^-1, Z = 2, R = 0.0485 and wR = 0.0906 for 5020 observed reflections (I〉 2σ(I)), and R = 0.0706 and wR = 0.0991 for all data. In 1, the trinuclear clusters Sr3 are connected with adjacent four clusters by a carboxylate group to produce a two-dimensional (2D) sheet, which is extended by a FDA-based pillar into a 3D framework. In 2, neighbouring trinuclear clusters Ba3 are linked through two -O-C-O- of FDA^2- ligands to form one-dimensional (1D) chains, which are connected by a FDA-based pillar to construct a 2D framework. The thermal stabilities of 1 and 2 are also investigated.
文摘It was shown by TEM and X-ray analysis that there are four types of grains of the main Ni3Al phase in the structure of the intermetallic obtained by the self-propagation high temperature method (SHS). Every type of grains has its own domain and dislocation structure. There are mono- and polydomains with and without dislocations. The grains of the main phase of monoand polydomains without dislocations and polydomains with dislocations were formed by diffusion in the solid phase. In these conditions NiAl3 phase is located on the grain boundary of the main phase. The Ni2Al3 phase is located at the triple joints of the main phase.
基金Project BK2008128 supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province
文摘Concrete structures in main coal cleaning plants have been rebuilt and reinforced in the coal mines of the Shanghai Datun Energy Sources Co. Ltd., the first colliery of the Pingdingshan Coal Co. Ltd. and the Sanhejian mine of the Xuzhou Mining Group Co. Ltd. In these projects, the operating environment and reliability of concrete structures in the main plants of the three companies were investigated and the safety of the structures inspected. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were made on the special natural, technological and mechanical environments around the structures. On the basis of these analyses, we discuss the long-term, combined actions of the harsh natural (corrosive gases, liquids and solids) and mechanical environments on concrete structures and further investigated the damage and deteriorating mechanisms and curing techniques of concrete structures in the main coal cleaning plants. Our study can provide a theoretical basis for ensuring the reliability of concrete structures in main coal cleaning plants.
文摘Addition of myrcene and 3-methyl-3-penten-2-one followed by cyclization afforded perfume 'Iso-E-Super' with 2(?)-acetyl-2β,3β,8,8-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octalin as main component on the basis of its spectroscopic data.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29425005).
文摘The structural and morphological evolution of mono-domains in thin films has been investigated for a series of liquid crystalline (LC) copolyethers. The copolyethers studied were synthesized by the reaction of 1-(4-hydroxy-4 ' -biphenylyl)-2-(4-hydroxyl-phenyl)propane (TPP) with 1,7-dibromoheptane and 1,11-undecane at different compositions (coTPPs-7/11). In contrast to the solution-cast thin films without annealing, which exhibit the isotropic homogeneous molecular orientation, mono-domains with a homeotropic alignment were found in coTPP-7/11(5/5) after the thin films were annealed in the high-temperature columnar phase (Phi '). Similar to the nucleation process in polymer crystallization, transmission electron microscopic observations show that small mono-domains appear in the initial stage of annealing, where molecules form a uniaxial in-plane chain orientation. With increasing annealing time, the molecular orientation gradually became tilted with respect to the substrate surface, and finally, a uniaxial homeotropic molecular orientation was achieved after a prolonged annealing time. The lateral size of mono-domains was found to increase continuously with annealing time and grew into a circular shape, indicating an isotropic lateral growth scheme which implies a hexagonal molecular packing proved by the electron diffraction experiments.
基金financially supported by the Major Basic Research Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2014CB448000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41772207,41422206)。
文摘The western segment of the Main Tianshan shear zone(MTSZ)branches into three major dextral strike-slip shear zones in the Borohoro Ranges,northwestern China.Mylonitic rocks within these zones exhibit vertical foliations,subhorizontal lineations,and dextral kinematics.The microstructures and CPO patterns of calcite and quartz in the tectonites suggest shearing at temperatures of 200℃ to 500℃ or above.The amount of dextral displacement along the zones is less than 100 km.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons from some pre-kinematic granites gave ages of 364-325 Ma and 316 Ma,and zircons from a syn-kinematic leucogranite gave an age of 291 Ma.We propose that dextral shearing along the MTSZ started in the earliest Permian.Our data indicate that collision between the Yili and Junggar plates might have finished before 325 Ma or 316 Ma,with a tectonic transformation from 325 Ma to 300 Ma,resulting in intracontinental transpression from 300 Ma or 291 Ma.We suggest that the formation of the Kazakhstan orocline(KO)took place in two stages,with the early stage of bending driven by convergence related to oblique subduction,and the late stage possibly associated with lateral disarticulation as a result of the dextral strike-slip shear zones.
基金Supported by the China Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05030-002)China National Petroleum Corporation Scientific Research and Technology Development Project(2019D-4309)
文摘Carboniferous carbonate reservoirs at the eastern edge of the Pre-Caspian Basin have undergone complex sedimentation,diagenesis and tectonism processes,and developed various reservoir space types of pores,cavities and fractures with complicated combination patterns which create intricate pore-throats structure.The complex pore-throat structure leads to the complex porosity-permeability relationship,bringing great challenges for classification and evaluation of reservoirs and efficient development.Based on the comprehensive analysis on cores,thin sections,SEM,mercury intrusion,routine core analysis and various tests,this paper systematically investigated the features and main controlling factors of pore-throats structure and its impact on the porosity-permeability relationship of the four reservoir types which were pore-cavity-fracture,pore-cavity,pore-fracture and pore,and three progresses are made.(1)A set of classification and descriptive approach for pore-throat structure of Carboniferous carbonate reservoirs applied to the eastern edge of the Pre-Caspian Basin was established.Four types of pore-throat structures were developed which were wide multimodal mode,wide bimodal mode,centralized unimodal mode and asymmetry bimodal mode,respectively.The discriminant index of pore-throat structure was proposed,realizing the quantitative characterization of pore-throat structure types.(2)The microscopic heterogeneity of pore reservoir was the strongest and four types of pore-throat structures were all developed.The pore-fracture and pore-cavity-fracture reservoirs took the second place,and the microscopic heterogeneity of pore-cavity reservoir was the weakest.It was revealed that the main controlling factor of pore-throat structure was the combination patterns of reservoir space types formed by sedimentation,diagenesis and tectonism.(3)It was revealed that the development of various pore-throat structure types was the important factor affecting poroperm relationship of reservoirs.The calculation accuracy of permeability of reservoirs can be improved remarkably by subdividing the pore-throat structure types.This study deepens the understanding of pore-throat structure of complicated carbonate reservoirs,and is conducive to classification and evaluation,establishment of precise porosity-permeability relationship and highly efficient development of carbonate reservoirs.
基金Financial supports for this work provided by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB227900)the Innovation of Graduate Student Training Project in Jiangsu Province of China(CXZZ13_0934)
文摘In order to study the permeability and water-resisting ability of the strata on the top of the Ordovician in Longgu Coal Mine, this paper tested the permeability and porosity of the strata, investigated the fracture and pore structure features of the strata, and identified the main channels which govern the permeability and water-resisting ability of the strata. The permeability of the upper, central and lower strata shows as2.0504 ·10à3–2.782762 · 10à3, 4.1092 ·10à3–7.3387·10à3and 2.0891·10à3–3.2705 ·10à3lm2,respectively, and porosity of that is 0.6786–0.9197%, 0.3109–0.3951% and 0.9829–1.8655%, respectively.The results indicate that:(1) the main channels of the relative water-resisting layer are the pore throats with a diameter more than 6 lm;(2) the major proportion of pore throats in the vertical flow channel and the permeability first increases and then sharply decreases;(3) the fractures occurring from the top to20 m in depth of the strata were filled and there occurred almost no fracture under the depth of 40 m;and(4) the ratio of turning point of the main flow channel in the strata on top of Ordovician can be used to confirm the thickness of filled water-resisting layers.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.kq2202102)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFB3703801,2021YFB3703801-02)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation for Young Scholars of Central South Univ ersity(Grant No.202044019)the Leading Talents of Science and Technology of Hunan Province(Grant No.2019RS3018)。
文摘In order to study the influence of square-cone energy-absorbing structures on the mechanical behaviour of the ollision performance of the leading vehicle,a parameterization method for rapidly changing the performance of energy-absorbing structures was proposed.Firstly,a finite element simulation model of the collision of the leading vehicle with a square-cone energy-absorbing structure was constructed.Then,the platform force,the slope of the platform force and the initial peak force of the force-displacement curve derived from the energy-absorbing structure were studied for the collision performance of the leading vehicle.Finally,the correlation model of the square-cone energy-absorbing structure and the mechanical behaviour of the collision performance of the leading vehicle was established by the response surface method.The results showed that the increase of the platform force of the energy-absorbing structure can effectively buffer the longitudinal impact of the train and reduce the nodding attitude of the train.The increase of the platform force slope can not only effectively buffer the longitudinal impact and vertical nodding of the train,but also reduce the lateral swing of the train.An increase in the initial peak force to a certain extent may lead to a change in the deformation mode,thereby reducing the energy-absorption fficiency.The correlation model can guide the design of the square-cone energy-absorbing structure and predict the deformation attitude of the leading vehicle.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60374069) and the Excellent Young Scholars Research Fund of Beijing Institute of Technology (000Y01-3).