旨在探究乌鳢(Channa argus)MHC基因的分子特征、表达方式及多态性。应用抑制差减杂交(SHH)和快速扩增c DNA末端(RACE)技术克隆并鉴定了乌鳢全长MHC I c DNA序列Char-Ia-1、Char-Ia-2和Char-Ib,推测氨基酸序列与已知硬骨鱼MHC I基因同源...旨在探究乌鳢(Channa argus)MHC基因的分子特征、表达方式及多态性。应用抑制差减杂交(SHH)和快速扩增c DNA末端(RACE)技术克隆并鉴定了乌鳢全长MHC I c DNA序列Char-Ia-1、Char-Ia-2和Char-Ib,推测氨基酸序列与已知硬骨鱼MHC I基因同源。Char-Ia-1和Char-Ia-2 c DNA序列包含1 167和1 083 bp的开放阅读框,分别编码388和360 aa的膜型Ⅰ类分子;而Char-Ib c DNA序列包含978 bp的开放阅读框,编码325 aa,显著截短的羧基末端显示Char-Ib为潜在的分泌型Ⅰ类分子。比较发现Char-Ia与Char-Ib在3'非转录区存在显著差异,在细胞外区、跨膜区和细胞质区的氨基酸序列同源性均较低,推测二者来自不同的MHC I基因座。氨基酸序列比对显示乌鳢MHC I分子与抗原肽结合的关键氨基酸残基较保守,在α1和α3结构域均出现硬骨鱼特征性的氨基酸残基缺失。进化树分析表明Char-Ia-1和Char-Ia-2聚为一簇,与Char-Ib处于不同的进化分支上,进一步证实Char-Ia与Char-Ib分别由不同MHC I基因座编码。RT-PCR分析显示乌鳢MHC I在组织中呈现组成型表达。设计基因专一性引物检测乌鳢Char-Ia与Char-Ib两类MHC I基因在组织中的表达水平,结果显示Char-Ia以较低的浓度表达于所有被检测组织,而Char-Ib主要表达于脾、肠、鳃和外周血,呈现明显的组织表达特异性,提示两类MHC I分子在鱼类免疫反应中发挥不同的生理功能。展开更多
Wheat powdery mildew(Pm) is a major disease of wheat worldwide. During the past years, numerous studies have been published on molecular mapping of Pm resistance gene(s) in wheat. We summarized the relevant findings o...Wheat powdery mildew(Pm) is a major disease of wheat worldwide. During the past years, numerous studies have been published on molecular mapping of Pm resistance gene(s) in wheat. We summarized the relevant findings of 89 major resistance gene mapping studies and 25 quantitative trait loci(QTL) mapping studies. Major Pm resistance genes and QTLs were found on all wheat chromosomes, but the Pm resistance genes/QTLs were not randomly distributed on each chromosome of wheat. The summarized data showed that the A or B genome has more major Pm resistance genes than the D genome and chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 5B, 5D, 6B, 7A and 7B harbor more major Pm resistance genes than the other chromosomes. For adult plant resistance(APR) genes/QTLs, B genome of wheat harbors more APR genes than A and D genomes, and chromosomes 2A, 4A, 5A, 1B, 2B, 3B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 2D, 5D and 7D harbor more Pm resistance QTLs than the other chromosomes,suggesting that A genome except 1A, 3A and 6A, B genome except 4B, D genome except 1D, 3D, 4D, and 6D play an important role in wheat combating against powdery mildew. Furthermore, Pm resistance genes are derived from wheat and its relatives, which suggested that the resistance sources are diverse and Pm resistance genes are diverse and useful in combating against the powdery mildew isolates. In this review, four APR genes, Pm38/Lr34/Yr18/Sr57, Pm46/Lr67/Yr46/Sr55, Pm?/Lr27/Yr30/Sr2 and Pm39/Lr46/Yr29, are not only resistant to powdery mildew but also effective for rust diseases in the field, indicating that such genes are stable and useful in wheat breeding programmes. The summarized data also provide chromosome locations or linked markers for Pm resistance genes/QTLs. Markers linked to these genes can also be utilized to pyramid diverse Pm resistance genes/QTLs more efficiently by marker-assisted selection.展开更多
基金Supported by the NSF of China(Grant no.31471488)State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology(2017KF03)+3 种基金Shandong Province Key Technology Innovation Project(2014GJJS0201-1)Transgenic Special Item(2016ZX08002003)National Modern Agricultural Industry System Construction Project(CARS-03-1-8)The Scholars of Taishan Seed Industry Project(2014-2019)
文摘Wheat powdery mildew(Pm) is a major disease of wheat worldwide. During the past years, numerous studies have been published on molecular mapping of Pm resistance gene(s) in wheat. We summarized the relevant findings of 89 major resistance gene mapping studies and 25 quantitative trait loci(QTL) mapping studies. Major Pm resistance genes and QTLs were found on all wheat chromosomes, but the Pm resistance genes/QTLs were not randomly distributed on each chromosome of wheat. The summarized data showed that the A or B genome has more major Pm resistance genes than the D genome and chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 5B, 5D, 6B, 7A and 7B harbor more major Pm resistance genes than the other chromosomes. For adult plant resistance(APR) genes/QTLs, B genome of wheat harbors more APR genes than A and D genomes, and chromosomes 2A, 4A, 5A, 1B, 2B, 3B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 2D, 5D and 7D harbor more Pm resistance QTLs than the other chromosomes,suggesting that A genome except 1A, 3A and 6A, B genome except 4B, D genome except 1D, 3D, 4D, and 6D play an important role in wheat combating against powdery mildew. Furthermore, Pm resistance genes are derived from wheat and its relatives, which suggested that the resistance sources are diverse and Pm resistance genes are diverse and useful in combating against the powdery mildew isolates. In this review, four APR genes, Pm38/Lr34/Yr18/Sr57, Pm46/Lr67/Yr46/Sr55, Pm?/Lr27/Yr30/Sr2 and Pm39/Lr46/Yr29, are not only resistant to powdery mildew but also effective for rust diseases in the field, indicating that such genes are stable and useful in wheat breeding programmes. The summarized data also provide chromosome locations or linked markers for Pm resistance genes/QTLs. Markers linked to these genes can also be utilized to pyramid diverse Pm resistance genes/QTLs more efficiently by marker-assisted selection.