基于CNFET的三输入Majority门电路设计

Majority(MAJ)运算和反相(INV)运算组成完备集,数字逻辑电路可以用基于"MAJ/INV"的MI(Majority-Inverter)逻辑来实现。三输入MAJ门是MI逻辑电路的一种基本门电路单元。本文设计了一种基于碳纳米管场效应晶体管(Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor,CNFET)的三输入MAJ门电路,并用所设计的MAJ门实现三个多输入组合逻辑电路。实验结果表明,在采用相同的器件和工艺的条件下,与现有的设计相比,所设计的MAJ门在功耗和功耗延时积上的改进最高分别达到32.5%和45.3%。

Majority Coloring of r-Regular Digraph

A majority k-coloring of a digraph D with k colors is an assignment c:V(D)→{1,2,…,k},such that for every v∈V(D),we have c(w)=c(v)for at most half of all out-neighbors w∈N^(+)(v).For a natural number k≥2,a 1/k-majority coloring of a digraph is a coloring of the vertices such that each vertex receives the same color as at most a 1/k proportion of its out-neighbours.Kreutzer,Oum,Seymour,van der Zypen and Wood proved that every digraph has a majority 4-coloring and conjectured that every digraph admits a majority 3-coloring.Gireao,Kittipassorn and Popielarz proved that every digraph has a 1/k-majority 2k-coloring and conjectured that every digraph admits a 1/k majority(2k-1)-coloring.We showed that every r-regular digraph D with r>36ln(2n)has a majority 3-coloring and proved that every digraph D with minimum outdegreeδ+>2k2(2k-1)/(k-1)^(2)ln2(n)[(2k-1)n]has a 1/k-majority(2k-1)-coloring.We showed that every r-regular digraph D with r>36ln(2n)has a majority 3-coloring and proved that every digraph D with minimum outdegreeδ+>,2k^(2)(2k-1)^(2)/(k-1)^(2)ln[(2k-1)n]has a 1/k-majority(2k-1)-coloring.And we also proved that every r-regular digraph D with r>3k^(2)(2k-1)/(k-1)^2ln(2n)has a 1/k-majority(2k-1)-coloring.

基于QCA的五输入Majority门设计及应用

Majority门作为多数逻辑电路的基本逻辑单元,其性能直接影响整体电路的质量.使用量子元胞自动机(QCA)设计Majority门具有结构简单的优点.本文提出了一种三层电路实现五输入Majority门的设计,并以此设计了全加器,进一步应用于多位加法器和乘法器中,与已发表的电路设计比较表明,其版图使用面积和元胞数有明显的减少,加法器元胞数和面积改进最高可达43%和87. 2%,乘法器元胞数和面积改进最高可达48. 2%和100%.

Lower Bounds on the Majority Domination Number of Graphs

Let G=(V,E) be a simple graph. For any real valued function f∶V→R and SV, let f(S)=∑ u∈S?f(u). A majority dominating function is a function f∶V→{-1,1} such that f(N)≥1 for at least half the vertices v∈V. Then majority domination number of a graph G is γ maj(G)=min{f(V)|f is a majority dominating function on G}. We obtain lower bounds on this parameter and generalize some results of Henning.

基于Majority逻辑门映射的电路面积优化

提出了一种采用三输入Majority逻辑门(M门)和反相器实现电路逻辑功能的电路面积优化算法.该算法首先用动态规划策略完成电路的AIG(And-Inverter Graph)切割,然后通过搜索适合M门覆盖的AIG子结构以及与门和M门之间的等效替代,将AIG转换为适合M门映射的MIG(Majority-Inverter Graph),最后用Ω法则和Ψ法则对MIG进行简化,得到节点数更少的MIG,从而实现基于M门映射的电路面积优化.优化算法用C语言实现,并用MCNC电路测试.结果表明,相比于逻辑综合工具ABC的结果,用M门映射后电路面积可得到平均约12%左右的优化.

Coalition Formation in Weighted Simple-majority Games under Proportional Payoff Allocation Rules

In this paper, we introduce a simple coalition formation game in the environment of bidding, which is a special case of the weighted majority game （WMG）, and is named the weighted simple-majority game （WSMG）. In WSMG, payoff is allocated to the winners proportional to the players powers, which can be measured in various ways. We define a new kind of stability： the counteraction-stability （C-stability）, where any potential deviating players will confront counteractions of the other players. We show that C-stable coalition structures in WSMG always contains a minimal winning coalition of minimum total power. For the variant where powers are measured directly by their weights, we show that it is NP-hard to find a C-stable coalition structure and design a pseudo-polynomial time algorithm. Sensitivity analysis for this variant, which shows many interesting properties, is also done. We also prove that it is NP-hard to compute the Holler-Packel indices in WSMGs, and hence in WMGs as well.

Improved SMB speckle filtering of polarimetric SAR data with synergistic use of orientation angle compensation and spatial majority rule

The scattering-model-based(SMB)speckle filtering for polarimetric SAR(Pol SAR)data is reasonably effective in preserving dominant scattering mechanisms.However,the efficiency strongly depends on the accuracies of both the decomposition and classification of the scattering properties.In addition,a relatively weak speckle reduction particularly in distributed media was reported in the related literatures.In this work,an improved SMB filtering strategy is proposed considering the aforementioned deficiencies.First,the orientation angle compensation is incorporated into the SMB filtering process to remedy the overestimation of the volume scattering contribution in the Freeman-Durden decomposition.In addition,an algorithm to select the homogenous pixels is developed based on the spatial majority rule for adaptive speckle reduction.We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methods in terms of scattering property preservation and speckle noise reduction using L-band Pol SAR data sets of San Francisco that were acquired by the NASA/JPL airborne SAR(AIRSAR)system.

A Comparative Study of Majority/Minority Logic Circuit Synthesis Methods for Post-CMOS Nanotechnologies

The physical limitations of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor?(CMOS) technology have led many researchers to consider other alternative technologies. Quantum-dot cellular automate (QCA), single electron tunneling (SET), tunneling phase logic (TPL), spintronic devices, etc., are some of the nanotechnologies that are being considered as possible replacements for CMOS. In these nanotechnologies, the basic logic units used to implement circuits are majority and/or minority gates. Several majority/minority logic circuit synthesis methods have been proposed. In this paper, we give a comparative study of the existing majority/minority logic circuit synthesis methods that are capable of synthesizing multi-input multi-output Boolean functions. Each of these methods is discussed in detail. The optimization priorities given to different factors such as gates, levels, inverters, etc., vary with technologies. Based on these optimization factors, the results obtained from different synthesis methods are compared. The paper also analyzes the optimization capabilities of different methods and discusses directions for future research in the synthesis of majority/minority logic networks.

What Makes a Good Second Language Learner from the Point of Majority Language Contexts

The reason to choose this topic is because among three types of context in natural second language learning settings,majority language contexts are undoubtedly the most important type to help L2 learners enhance their proficiencies of target languages in an effective way.The first part of the paper is review of the researches that have been conducted concerning majority language contexts.From following chapters,analysis will be made on the deficiencies of L2 learning and teaching in China as well as necessities of majority language contexts.Finally,basic strategies will be proposed to help L2 learners overcome various problems in majority language contexts.

基于majority和median表决算法的混合表决算法

本文提出结合majority和median的表决算法，问题得到较好改善：首先使用majority表决算法进行工作，当出现无法表决的情况时，计算数据分散程度，如果小于某个设定安全阈值，则使用median表决算法来处理这种情况，若大于安全阈值，则输出一个无法表决的信号。最终的仿真测试表明：结合majority和median表决系统是一种可行的方法，能够提高表决系统输出正确率；错误率虽然有小幅增加，但能够有效改善majority无法输出的情况，同时正确率有一定程度的提高。本文提出的表决算法可以适用于需要提高输出正确率并且可以适当降低安全性的应用环境，测试结果表明对于连续信号和离散信号都有较好的效果。

Reversible Digital Image Watermarking Scheme Using Bit Replacement and Majority Algorithm Technique

The current paper presents a new digital watermarking method through bit replacement technology, which stores mul-tiple copies of the same data that is to be hidden in a scrambled form in the cover image. In this paper an indigenous approach is described for recovering the data from the damaged copies of the data under attack by applying a majority algorithm to find the closest twin of the embedded information. A new type of non-oblivious detection method is also proposed. The improvement in performance is supported through experimental results which show much enhancement in the visual and statistical invisibility of hidden data.

Majority Vote for Split Future

After the celebrations marking the birth of Africa’s newest nation,much work lies ahead for South Sudan by Alphonce Shiundu IN Nairobi,shirtless men,with white body powder sprinkled on their black chests and shoulders,jumped up and down singing and shouting.Not to be left behind,tall dark women in extravagant bright-colored clothes also ululated as they vigorously shook their shoulders in a beautiful,rhythmical dance.

Adder design using a 5-input majority gate in a novel “multilayer gate design paradigm” for quantum dot cellular automata circuits

This paper proposes a novel design paradigm for circuits designed in quantum dot cellular automata （QCA） technology. Previously reported QCA circuits in the literature have generally been designed in a single layer which is the main logical block in which the inverter and majority gate are on the base layer, except for the parts where multilayer wire crossing was used. In this paper the concept of multilayer wire crossing has been extended to design logic gates in multilayers. Using a 5-input majority gate in a multilayer, a 1-bit and 2-bit adder have been designed in the proposed multilayer gate design paradigm. A comparison has been made with some adders reported previously in the literature and it has been shown that circuits designed in the proposed design paradigm are much more efficient in terms of area, the requirement of QCA cells in the design and the input-output delay of the circuit. Over all, the availability of one additional spatial dimension makes the design process much more flexible and there is scope for the customizability of logic gate designs to make the circuit compact.

Local charge neutrality condition,Fermi level and majority carrier density of a semiconductor with multiple localized multi-level intrinsic/impurity defects

For semiconductors with localized intrinsic/impurity defects, intentionally doped or unintentionally incorporated, that have multiple transition energy levels among charge states, the general formulation of the local charge neutrality condition is given for the determination of the Fermi level and the majority carrier density. A graphical method is used to illustrate the solution of the problem. Relations among the transition energy levels of the multi-level defect are derived using the graphical method. Numerical examples are given for p-doping of the CdTe thin film used in solar panels and semi-insulating Si to illustrate the relevance and importance of the issues discussed in this work.

Enhancing Parkinson's disease severity assessment through voice-based wavelet scattering,optimized model selection,and weighted majority voting

Parkinson's disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms that significantly impact an individual's quality of life.Voice changes have shown promise as early indicators of PD,making voice analysis a valuable tool for early detection and intervention.This study aims to assess and detect the severity of PD through voice analysis using the mobile device voice recordings dataset.The dataset consisted of recordings from PD patients at different stages of the disease and healthy control subjects.A novel approach was employed,incorporating a voice activity detection algorithm for speech segmentation and the wavelet scattering transform for feature extraction.A Bayesian optimization technique is used to fine-tune the hyperparameters of seven commonly used classifiers and optimize the performance of machine learning classifiers for PD severity detection.AdaBoost and K-nearest neighbor consistently demonstrated superior performance across various evaluation metrics among the classifiers.Furthermore,a weighted majority voting(WMV)technique is implemented,leveraging the predictions of multiple models to achieve a near-perfect accuracy of 98.62%,improving classification accuracy.The results highlight the promising potential of voice analysis in PD diagnosis and monitoring.Integrating advanced signal processing techniques and machine learning models provides reliable and accessible tools for PD assessment,facilitating early intervention and improving patient outcomes.This study contributes to the field by demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology and the significant role of WMV in enhancing classification accuracy for PD severity detection.

Design and comparison of new fault-tolerant majority gate based on quantum-dotcellular automata

Quantum-dot cellular automata(QCA) is increasingly valued by researchers because of its nanoscale size and very low power consumption. However, in the manufacture of nanoscale devices prone to various forms of defects, which will affect the subsequent circuits design. Therefore, fault-tolerant QCA architectures have become a new research direction. The purpose of this paper is to build a novel fault-tolerant three-input majority gate based on normal cells. Compared with the previous structures, the majority gate shows high fault tolerance under single-cell and double-cell omission defects. In order to examine the functionality of the proposed structure, some physical proofs under single cell missing defects are provided. Besides, two new fault-tolerant decoders are constructed based on the proposed majority gate. In order to fully demonstrate the performance of the proposed decoder, the previous decoders were thoroughly compared in terms of fault tolerance, area and delay. The result shows that the proposed design has a good fault tolerance characteristic, while the performance in other aspects is also quite good.

Silent Majority Speaks Out

Economists urge U.S. legislators not to imposetrade penalties on

Should the Majority Of Residents Decide The Housing Fate of an Entire Community?

The frenetic pace of change in China, and Beijing in particular, has exposed some interesting social phenomena in recent times. One of these is the ongo-ing process surrounding the movement of peo-ple. As the urban landscape feels the wrath ofthe