Clinical analysis of multiple primary gastrointestinal malignant tumors:A 10-year case review of a single-center

BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant tumors(MPMTs)was first described by Billroth as early as 1889,with the first report published by Warren and Gates in 1932.Since then,numerous cases have been reported.A literature review of 1104269 patients with cancer revealed that the incidence of MPMTs ranged from 0.73 to 11.7%.In recent years,however,there has been a significant upward trend in the incidence of this phenomenon,which may be associated with many different factors,including the advancement of modern diagnostic procedures facilitating the examination and diagnosis of more MPMTs,increased exposure to chemotherapy and radiotherapy that exacerbate the risk of new malignant tumors in patients with cancer,and prolonged survival of patients with cancer allowing sufficient time for the development of new primary cancers.AIM To analyze the incidence,clinical features,treatment factors,prevalence,and prognosis of patients with MPMTs in the gastrointestinal tract treated in a single center.Additionally,we analyzed the different tumor combinations,time interval between the occurrence of tumors,and staging.METHODS This retrospective cohort study analyzed 8059 patients with pathologically confirmed gastrointestinal malignant tumors treated at the Gansu Province Hospital in Lanzhou,Gansu,China between June 2011 and June 2020.Of these,85 patients had MPMTs.The clinical features,treatment factors,prevalence,and prognosis of this latter cohort were analyzed.RESULTS The incidence of MPMTs in patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors was 1.05%(85/8059),including 83 double primary malignant tumors and two triple primary malignant tumors of which 57(67.06%)were synchronous MPMTs(SMPMTs)and 28(32.94%)were metachronous MPMTs(MMPMTs).The most frequent associations were found between the rectum colon cancers within the SMPMT category and the gastric-colon cancers within the MMPMT category.For the MMPMTs,the median interval was 53 months.The overall 1-,3-and 5-year survival rates from diagnosis of the first primary cancer were 91.36%,65.41%,and 45.97%,respectively;those from diagnosis of the second primary cancer were 67.90%,29.90%,and 17.37%,respectively.CONCLUSION MPMTs in the gastrointestinal tract have a high incidence and poor prognosis.Thus,it is necessary to perform both gastroscopy and colonoscopy in patients with gastrointestinal tumors.Multidisciplinary comprehensive diagnosis and treatment may improve the diagnosis rate and treatment efficiency of MPMTs.

Research progress on venous thrombosis development in patients with malignant tumors

The coexistence of venous thromboembolism(VTE)within patients with cancer,known as cancer-associated thrombosis(CAT),stands as a prominent cause of mortality in this population.Over recent years,the incidence of VTE has demonstrated a steady increase across diverse tumor types,influenced by several factors such as patient management,tumor-specific risks,and treatment-related aspects.Furthermore,mutations in specific genes have been identified as potential contributors to increased CAT occurrence in particular cancer subtypes.We conducted an extensive review encompassing pivotal historical and ongoing studies on CAT.This review elucidates the risks,mechanisms,reliable markers,and risk assessment methodologies that can significantly guide effective interventions in clinical practice.

Role of tumor-associated macrophages in common digestive system malignant tumors

Many digestive system malignant tumors are characterized by high incidence and mortality rate.Increasing evidence has revealed that the tumor microenvironment(TME)is involved in cancer initiation and tumor progression.Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are a predominant constituent of the TME,and participate in the regulation of various biological behaviors and influence the prognosis of digestive system cancer.TAMs can be mainly classified into the antitumor M1 phenotype and protumor M2 phenotype.The latter especially are crucial drivers of tumor invasion,growth,angiogenesis,metastasis,immunosuppression,and resistance to therapy.TAMs are of importance in the occurrence,development,diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment of common digestive system malignant tumors.In this review,we summarize the role of TAMs in common digestive system malignant tumors,including esophageal,gastric,colorectal,pancreatic and liver cancers.How TAMs promote the development of tumors,and how they act as potential therapeutic targets and their clinical applications are also described.

Analysis of load status and management strategies of main caregivers of patients with malignant tumors of digestive tract

Caregiver load refers to the subjective and objective negative impact of caregivers in the care of patients,and excessive load will have a serious impact on patients and caregivers themselves and can reduce their quality of life.For the main caregivers,it not only needs to care for the patients in life and daily life,but also needs to pay the cost of treatment for the patients,coupled with the need to carry out their own original work,life,etc.excessive life pressure,economic pressure,work pressure,emotional pressure,etc.lead to heavy load of the main caregivers,which can easily cause caregivers to have different degrees of psychological problems,which will cause serious adverse effects on the caregivers themselves and cancer patients,not conducive to the construction of a harmonious family and society.This article analyzes the current situation of primary caregiver burden in patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors,analyzes its influencing factors,and specifies specific treatment strategies.It is hoped to provide scientific guidance for later related research and application.

Iodine-125 seed implantation in the treatment of malignant tumors

Malignant tumors are major causes of morbidity and mortality in China.Despite advances in surgical,radiological,chemotherapeutic,molecular targeting,and immunotherapeutic treatments,patients with malignant tumors still have poor prognoses.Low-dose-rate brachytherapy,specifically 125I seed implantation,is beneficial because of its high local delivery dose and minimal damage to surrounding tissues.Consequently,it has gained increasing acceptance as a treatment modality for various malignant tumors.In this study,we explored the fundamental principles,clinical applications,and new technologies associated with 125I radioactive seed implantation.

Evaluation of Postoperative Psychological Distress and Its Driving Factors in Patients with Oral and Maxillofacial Malignant Tumors

Objective:To explore and analyze the evaluation and driving factors of postoperative psychological pain inpatients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors.Methods:Relevant data were collected from 80 patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors who attended the outpatient clinic for follow-up consultations between May 2021 to May 2023.The patients used the psychological distress thermometer(DT)to circle words that best described their experiences in the past week,assigning a numerical value(0-10)to indicate their pain level on each day.The scoring results were employed to assess the psychological pain in these patients.A self-developed patient basic information questionnaire was utilized to record demographic details.Logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate patients two weeks after surgery,focusing on the assessment of psychological distress and the identification and location of driving factors.Results:Following evaluation,the results revealed that the average postoperative DT score for the 80 patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors was 4.53±1.98 points.Scores<4 points indicated no psychological pain(Group N)in 48 cases,while scores≥4 points indicated psychological pain(Group Y)in 32 cases.The differences in postoperative DT scores among patients with varying educational levels,fears and worries about disease progression,economic problems,sleep problems,level of hope,and oral pain were statistically significant(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis results indicated that education level,fear and worry about disease progression,economic problems,sleep problems,level of hope,and oral pain are driving factors of postoperative psychological pain in patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors(P<0.05).Conclusion:The postoperative psychological pain level in patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors is at a moderate level.Educational level,fear and worry about disease progression,economic problems,sleep problems,level of hope,and oral pain were identified as driving factors for postoperative psychological pain in these patients.

Application of traditional Chinese medicine acupoint needle embedding combined with emotional nursing in patients with gynecological malignant tumors

BACKGROUND Few relevant literature reports on applying acupoint press-needle embedding combined with emotional nursing in patients with a gynecological malignant tumor.AIM To explore the effect of traditional Chinese medicine acupoint needle embedding combined with emotional nursing on chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting(CINV),cancer-related fatigue(CRF)and psychological state in patients with gynecological malignant tumors.METHODS Retrospective analysis of the clinical information of 84 patients with gynecological malignant tumors treated in our hospital from August 2020 to December 2022 Led to the development of an observation group(n=42)and a control group(n=42)based on various nursing approaches.Ondansetron hydrochloride injection was administered to the individuals in the control group.However,the observation group received emotional nursing based on the control group and acupoint pressneedle embedding of traditional Chinese medicine.Patients in both groups received the chemotherapy regimen of paclitaxel liposome+carbo-platin/cisplatin.For four weeks,both groups intervened.The CINV grade,quality of life,CRF,psychological status and sleep quality scores of the two groups before and RESULTS After intervention,the degree of CINV in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group.After intervention,the scores of each dimension and total score of FLIE scale were significantly higher than those in the control group.After intervention,the scores of each dimension and total score of Piper Fatigue Scale were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the scores of avoidance and yield dimensions in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the scores of confrontation dimension were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the sleep quality score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group,and the Karnofsky Performance Status scale score was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The acupuncture point needle embedding of traditional Chinese medicine combined with emotional nursing can further reduce the incidence of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in patients with gynecological malignant tumors,improve the quality of life and the degree of CRF,alleviate the bad psychological state,adopt a positive way to face the disease and treatment,and improve the quality of sleep and quality of life.

High incidence combination of multiple primary malignant tumors of the digestive system

BACKGROUND Clinical reports of multiple primary malignant tumors(MPMTs)in the digestive system are increasing.In China,although the survival rate of patients with MPMTs is increasing,the quality of life is very low.Many patients have reached the advanced stage when the second primary tumor is found,resulting in no early intervention and treatment.This is due to the misunderstanding of MPMTs by clinicians,who treat such tumors as metastases.Therefore,before a patient has a second primary tumor,doctors should understand some common combinations of digestive system MPMTs to provide clinical guidance to the patient.AIM To explore the high incidence combination of digestive system MPMTs under heterochronism and synchronization.METHODS A total of 1902 patients with MPMTs at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into metachronous MPMT and synchronous MPMT groups,and then the high incidence combinations of the first primary cancer and the second primary cancer in metachronous cancer and synchronous cancer were sorted.Sex and age differences between metachronous and synchronous tumors were tested by the chi square test and t test,respectively.A P value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant,and SPSS version 26.0(SPSS Inc.,Chicago,Illinois,United States)was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS Among the 1902 patients with MPMTs confirmed by pathology,1811(95.2%)cases were secondary primary cancers,89(4.7%)cases were tertiary primary cancers,and 2(0.1%)cases were quaternary primary cancers.Most(88.2%)of the secondary primary cancers were identified as metachronous multiple primary cancers six months after diagnosis of the first primary cancer.The top ten most common MPMTs in the first primary cancer group ranged from high to low as follows:Breast cancer,thyroid cancer,nonuterine cancer,lung cancer,colon cancer,kidney cancer,uterine cancer,bladder cancer,rectal cancer,and gastric cancer.The highest incidence rate of the first primary cancer in male metachronous cancer was lung cancer(11.6%),the highest incidence rate of the second primary cancer was still lung cancer(24.9%),the highest incidence rate of the first primary cancer in female metachronous cancer was breast cancer(32.7%),and the highest incidence rate of the second primary cancer was lung cancer(20.8%).Among them,breast cancer,nonuterine cancer and uterine cancer were female-specific malignant tumor types,and thyroid cancer also accounted for 79.6%of female patients.The top five metachronous cancer combinations,independent of female-specific malignant tumor types and thyroid cancer,were colon cancer and lung cancer(26 cases),kidney cancer and lung cancer(25 cases),rectal cancer and lung cancer(20 cases),gastric cancer and lung cancer(17 cases),and bladder cancer and lung cancer(17 cases).The most common synchronous cancer combination was colon cancer and rectal cancer(15 cases).CONCLUSION Screening for lung cancer should be performed six months after the detection of colon cancer while rectal cancer screening should be performed within six months.

Treatment of Pathological Fractures of the Proximal Femur Due to Advanced Metastasis of Highly Malignant Tumors: A Clinical Controlled Study of Enterostenosis Reconstruction and Conservative Treatment

Objective: To investigate whether different treatment methods have an impact on the quality of life and life span after fracture of patients with proximal femoral pathological fractures caused by advanced metastasis of highly malignant tumors. Methods: Karnofsky performance status (KPS) and visual analogue score (VAS) were counted at the time of admission and 2 months after the treatments. Survival analysis was implemented to compare the median survival time and 6-month survival rate of the 2 groups. Musculoskeletal score (MSTS) was used to evaluate limb function in the surgical group at 2 months after the treatment. Results: There was no significant difference in KPS score and VAS score between the two groups at the time of admission (p > 0.05). At 2 months after treatment, the KPS score of the surgical group was higher than that of the conservative group (P < 0.05), and the VAS score of the survivors of the surgical group was lower than that of the conservative group (P < 0.05). Survival analysis showed that the median survival time and 6-month survival rate after fracture in the surgical group were higher than those in the conservative group (P < 0.05). After 2 months of treatment, the average MTST score of survivors in the surgical group was 20.38 ± 0.9 (16 - 26 points). Conclusion: Surgical intervention can benefit patients with pathological fractures of the proximal femur due to metastasis of highly malignant tumors in terms of quality of life and survival. Local tumor resection and endoparasitic replacement, which can be tolerated by most patients, can effectively reconstruct the limb function of these patients and restore their self-care ability.

Clinical Observation on the Improved Short-Term Effects of Anti-Tumor Purified Chinese Medicine Injection Ai-Jing for 138 Cases with Malignant Tumors

The subjects of this study were to observe the improved short-term effects of anti-tumor purified Chinese medicine injection Ai-Jing for 138 cases with malignant tumors. This was a multi-center clinical study, and a total of 138 patients included 96 males and 42 females, with the age from 60 to 76 years. Ai-Jing has obtained the Chinese invention patent since 2008 (ZL991-03528.3). A novel technique acupoint injection method was adopted. Except for lung cancer, patients with other malignant tumors were injected once every other day, 2 ml each time. A course of treatment needs 6 Ai-Jing injections, lung cancer patients need 10 - 20 Ai-Jing injections. At the same time, patients were treated with traditional medicine decoction. Due to the limited number of cases, cure rate, recovery rate and remission rate were calculated as a whole, respectively 18.12%, 44.20% and 32.15%. All the invalid patients were lung cancer, accounting for 16.67% of the patients treated with lung cancer, and the total treatment inefficiency was 6.52%. Conclusion: Chinese Medicine Injection Ai-Jing extracts the effective components of anti-cancer and tumorigenesis, and has the effects of anti-cancer and tumorigenesis, anti-inflam-matory and analgesic, and repairing body damage, with small toxic and side effects and low cost.

A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR BREAST MALIGNANT TUMORS

Objective: To review the evolution of the current surgical treatment for breast malignant tumors over the past twenty years in the First Hospital of Jilin University (the former Bethune University of Medical Sciences). Methods: 1195 eligible patients with primary breast malignant tumor diagnosed and surgically treated at the First Teaching Hospital from January 1980 and December 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The peak frequency was in 40–49 years of age (40.00%), the age of the patients with breast malignant tumors trends to become young. The most common pTNM classification was Stage II. The most common histological type was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (398 patients, 33.31%), and simple carcinoma (279 patients, 23.53%). Modified radical mastectomy was the most common operation procedure performed (779 patients, 65.19%), and was increasingly used while radical mastectomy was adopted decreasingly in recent decade. Conclusion: The variation of operation procedures performed on patients with breast malignant tumors reflected the advance of our understanding of the biology of cancer and the progression of new treatment principles.

Advances in Research of Toxic Traditional Chinese Medicines in the Treatment of Malignant Tumors

Combating poison with poison is an important method of traditional Chinese medicine to treat malignant tumors.This study reviews the experimental research on anti-tumor effects of toxic traditional Chinese medicines in recent years.It summarizes the action mechanism of toxic traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of malignant tumors,including:inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis,inducing tumor cell apoptosis and differentiation,reversing tumor cell multidrug resistance(MDR),inhibiting tumor cell invasion and metastasis,and enhancing the body's immune functions.Finally,it discusses the research and development prospects of toxic traditional Chinese medicines as new anti-tumor drugs.

Frequency of Benign and Malignant Tumors in Localized Vitiligo in Comparison to Generalized and Universal Vitiligo

Background: Autoimmune diseases like pemphigus and systemic lupus erythematosus are protective against skin malignancies like basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Objective: As vitiligo is an autoimmune diseases, the aim of the present work is to record the frequency of all benign and malignant skin tumors among patients with different severity of vitiligo and to be compared with the skin tumors in healthy control. Patients and Methods: This is a case series, descriptive study done in the Department of Dermatology—Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, during the period from May 2014-May 2015. History was taken from each patient with vitiligo regarding age, gender, duration, personal and family history of vitiligo and other autoimmune diseases such as diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction, and alopecia areata. Patients were assessed for past and present history of photodermatosis and any skin cancers. Healthy control was considered. Results: Three hundred and fifty patients with vitiligo were included in this study: 50 patients with universal vitiligo, 100 patients with generalized vitiligo, and 200 patients with localized vitiligo as well as 500 subjects as a healthy control. The ages of all studied subjects ranged between 31 and 77 years. Twenty four(48%) patients with universal vitiligo were males and 26 (52%) were females;49(49%) patients with generalized vitiligo were males and 51(51%) were females;101(50.5%) patients with localized vitiligo were males and 99(49.5%) were females and 235(47%) of control were males and 265(53%) were females. All skin tumors were seen to be high in healthy subjects and lower or absent in patients with vitiligo. Also patients with mild vitiligo had a higher frequency of skin tumors including benign and malignant than patients with severe vitiligo especially in patients with universal vitiligo. In addition, no photosensitivity or actinic reticuloid was detected in patients with vitiligo. Conclusions: Vitiligo especially generalized and universal type as an autoimmune disease had a protective action against photodamage, photosensitivity and skin tumors whether benign or malignant.

Stability reconstruction after resections of primary malignant tumors

Objective To review the methods of the stability reconstruction after resections of primary malignant spinal tumors.Methods From January 1999 to January 2009,38 cases of primary malignant spinal turmors underwenttumor

Structure and function of Septin 9 and its role in human malignant tumors

The treatment and prognosis of malignant tumors are closely related to the time when the tumors are diagnosed;the earlier the diagnosis of the tumor,the better the prognosis.However,most tumors are not detected in the early stages of screening and diagnosis.It is of great clinical significance to study the correlation between multiple pathogeneses of tumors and explore simple,safe,specific,and sensitive molecular indicators for early screening,diagnosis,and prognosis.The Septin 9(SEPT9)gene has been found to be associated with a variety of human diseases,and it plays a role in the development of tumors.SEPT9 is a member of the conserved family of cytoskeletal GTPase,which consists of a P-loop-based GTP-binding domain flanked by a variable N-terminal region and a C-terminal region.SEPT9 is involved in many biological processes such as cytokinesis,polarization,vesicle trafficking,membrane reconstruction,deoxyribonucleic acid repair,cell migration,and apoptosis.Several studies have shown that SEPT9 may serve as a marker for early screening,diagnosis,and prognosis of some malignant tumors,and have the potential to become a new target for anti-cancer therapy.This article reviews the progress in research on the SEPT9 gene in early screening,diagnosis,and prognosis of tumors.

Characteristics of Chinese Families in Which Children and Both Parents Are Diagnosed with Malignant Tumors:A Retrospective Study

Objective To characterize Chinese families in which both parents and at least one child are diagnosed with malignant diseases and provide reference for cancer screening or early detection in people whose both parents are diagnosed with cancer.Methods Medical records of all clients to the center of cancer screening and prevention of the National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital between January 2008 and February 2018 were screened to select families in which both parents and at least one child were diagnosed with malignant diseases.The cancer profiles of fathers,mothers,sons and daughters,their age distribution at diagnosis,and similarity of cancers between two generations were analyzed.The proportions of each cancer in males and females of the cohort were compared with corresponding data from the National Cancer Center Registry of China(NCCRC)in 2013.Results Totally 13S families were identified from records of 33200 clients.Proportion of lung cancer in fathers(40/135,29.6%)and in mothers(38/135,28.1%)were higher than the national data(23.9%in males and 14.9%in females,respectively).The proportion of breast cancer in daughters(35/109,32.1%)was higher than that of mothers(14/135,10.4%)and the national data(17.1%),In 71 father-son pairs of cancer,46.5%(33/71)were of the same systematic disease,and 16.9%(12/71)were of the same cancer.These two indexes were 31.2%(n=34)and 10.1%(n=l 1),respectively in the 109 father-daughter pairs of cancer,36.6%(n=26)and 8.5%(n=6)respectively in the 71 mother-son pairs of cancer,and 31.2%(n=34)and 20.2%(n=20)respectively in the 109 mother-daughter pairs of cancer.Sons were more likely to suffer from cancers originated from the same system as father s cancer than daughters(χ^(2)=4.299,P<0.05),and daughters were more likely to suffer from the same cancer as their mother's cancer than sons(χ^(2)=4.506,P<0.05).The age(mean±standard deviation)of the daughters(52.4±12.7)and the sons(59.4±10.9)at diagnosis were significantly younger than the fathers(65.5±12.2)and the mothers(65.7±12.5)(all P<0.001)・Conclusions For people whose both parents are diagnosed as cancer,screening or early detection examinations should cover a full range of cancers rather than the cancers their father and mother have suffered,or cancers stemmed from the same system as their parents cancers.We suggest screening or early detection program for these special population start earlier than that for the general population,with emphasis on cancers derived from digestive system for males and women-specific cancers,i.e.,breast cancer,ovarian cancer,cervical cancer and uterine cancer for females.

Special Expression of Thy-1 in Different Malignant Tumors

Objective： To investigate the expression status of Thy-1 in malignant cancerous tissues and to evaluate whether Thy-1 could be a potential tumor marker. Methods： Immunohistochemistry method was used to examine Thy-1 expressions in different malignant tumor tissues. We used a monoclonal antibody specific for Thy-1 and the indirect Catalysis Signal Amplification method. With the help of tissue microarray （TMA）, we examined expression the status of Thy-1 in 1451 different types of malignant tumor tissues, 144 normal tissues and benign lesions. Results： All the malignant tumor cells were grouped as one group （malignant cells group） and normal or benign tumor tissue cells as another group （normal cells group）. Among the entire 1451 malignant cases group, positive Thy-1 expression with diffuse and strong staining was observed in 734 （734/1451; 50.59%） cases. In the benign cases only 6 chronic cervicitis cases showed weak staining for Thy-1. All the normal tissue showed negative staining. One-Way ANVOA analysis showed F value between these two groups was 147.229 （P〈0.0001）. Conclusion： A significantly stronger expression of Thy-1 in malignant tumors was observed. Special overexpression of Thy-1 in malignant tumors suggests that Thy-1 might be a potential novel tumor marker with respect to cancer progression. Chronic cervicitis has some relationship with cervix carcinoma. When it develops into atypical hyperplasia, it will be a precancerous lesion for cervix carcinoma. In this research we found weak staining for Thy-1 in chronic cervicitis lesion, so Thy-1 may play a crucial role in carcinogenesis for cervix carcinoma. The research about the relationship between Thy-1 expressions in cancer cells and in precancerous lesion will provide some clues to understand the mechanism for carcinogenesis process.

The effect of Cordyceps Sinensis in the prognosis on patients receiving chemotherapy with malignant tumors:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:The efficacy of Cordyceps Sinensis(CS)on malignant tumors remains controversial.We undertook a systematic meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical studies on this issue.Method:A comprehensive literature search(by the end of Sep.31,2017)was conducted in following electronic databases:China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP database,Wan fang database(VIP),PubMed,Medline,and EMBASE.Relevant studies were included according to inclusion criteria.Pooled relative risk was estimated by using the fixed effects model or random effects model according to heterogeneity.Data were extracted independently and the standardized mean deviation(SMD)of the calculated results was obtained.Result:After selection,8 of 729 studies were included.The result showed that CS combined with chemotherapeutic drugs was favorable for the treatment of malignant tumor.The amount of CD3^+T cells in the experimental group was signi行cantly higher than that in the control group(SMD=0.86;95%CI=0.02,1.70;P<0.01;I2=91%).The amount of CD4^+T cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(SMD=0.95;95%CI=0.22,1.68;P<0.01;I2=88%).The amount of CD8^+T cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(SMD=-0.07;95%CI=-0.30,0.17;P=0.32;I^2=14%).The rate of CD4^+/CD8^+T cells in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(SMD=27.76;95%CI=25.25,30.28;P=0.39;I^2=0%).And CS may retard the declining trend of KPS functional status evaluation(RR=0.46,95%CI=0.2780,0.7350;P<0.01),thus improving the patients'life quality.Conclusion:The current evidence suggested that CS is favorable to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in patients with malignant tumors,probably by improving immune system function.

Clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of claudin10 expression in primary malignant tumors of digestive system:A metaanalysis

Objective:To investigate the correlation between claudin10 expression and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of primary malignant tumors of digestive system.Methods:We searched the PubMed,Web of Science,Ovid MEDLINE,CNKI,CQVIP,and WanFang Data databases.The data between claudin10 expression and clinical characteristics as well as survival outcome were extracted.RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.1 software were employed for metaanalysis.Results:A total of 6 studies containing 512 patients with primary malignant tumors of digestive system were analyzed.The analysis showed that high expression of claudin10 was more common in cancer tissue than in normal tissue[OR=3.22,95%CI(2.26,4.60),P<0.01],and was associated with increasing tumor size[OR=6.21,95%CI(2.44,15.83),P<0.01],high differentiation[OR=0.56,95%CI(0.32,0.99),P=0.05],positive lymph node metastasis[OR=3.41,95%CI(1.09,10.65),P=0.03].The expression of claudin10 was not associated with sex[OR=1.62,95%CI(0.91,2.90),P=0.10],age[OR=1.72,95%CI(0.97,3.07),P=0.06],distant metastasis[OR=4.51,95%CI(0.55,36.70),P=0.16],or prognosis[HR=1.99,95%CI(0.93,4.23),P=0.08].Conclusion:The expression of claudin10 is correlated with the clinicopathological features of primary malignant tumors of digestive system and is a potential tumor marker.

Research on HOXA11-AS in Malignant Tumors

Long-chain non-coding RNA HOXA11 antisense RNA (HOXA11-AS) is a kind of lncRNA discovered in recent years. Long-chain non-coding RNA (LncRNA) is an important regulatory factor of protein-coding genes, especially the disorder of LncRNA in more and more diseases which are found, including cancer. HOXA11-AS was first discovered in mouse embryo cDNA library using probes, and then it was discovered by scholars and played an important role in human cervical cancer, gastric cancer, glioma and other malignant tumor cells. Overexpression of HOXA11-AS has been found to promote cell proliferation, migration and tumor invasion, and has a carcinogenic effect. HOXA11-AS can promote tumor proliferation, metastasis and other malignant biological behaviors by interacting with miRNA and EZH2 protein, and is considered to be carcinogenic lncRNA. The discovery of HOXA11-AS provides new ideas for tumor prevention and treatment.