Synchronous multiple primary malignant neoplasms in breast,kidney,and bilateral thyroid:A case report

BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)are rare,while synchronous MPMNs(SMPMNs)are even less common.Owing to the progression of medical technology and the extension of life expectancy,its incidence is gradually increasing.CASE SUMMARY Although reports of breast and thyroid dual cancers are common,cases of an additional diagnosis of kidney primary cancer within the same individual are rare.CONCLUSION We present a case of simultaneous MPMN of three endocrine organs,reviewing the relevant literature to enhance our understanding of SMPMNs while emphasizing the increasingly important need for accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary management whenever this challenging situation arises.

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor as the Second Malignant Neoplasm in a Long-Term Survivor Child of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case Report

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL)is a common pediatric cancer.The second malignant neoplasms(SMNs)in long-term survivors of pediatric ALL are relatively rare.Herein we report a 10-year-old girl who was diagnosed as primitive neuroectodermal tumor(PNET)5 years after the initial diagnosis of ALL with radiotherapy・free treatment.PNET is an exceedingly rare neoplasm in SMNs of survivors of childhood ALL.It is predisposed to be misdiagnosed and the pathogenesis is unclear.The outcome is poor.Long-term follow-up is necessary for the survival children of ALL.

Clinicopathological characteristics and typing of multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential

BACKGROUND Up until now,no research has been reported on the association between the cli-nical growth rate of multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential(MCRNLMP)and computed tomography(CT)imaging characteristics.Our study sought to examine the correlation between them,with the objective of distin-guishing unique features of MCRNLMP from renal cysts and exploring effective management strategies.AIM To investigate optimal management strategies of MCRNLMP.METHODS We retrospectively collected and analyzed data from 1520 patients,comprising 1444 with renal cysts and 76 with MCRNLMP,who underwent renal cyst decom-pression,radical nephrectomy,or nephron-sparing surgery for renal cystic disease between January 2013 and December 2021 at our institution.Detection of MC-RNLMP utilized the Bosniak classification for imaging and the 2016 World Health Organization criteria for clinical pathology.RESULTS Our meticulous exploration has revealed compelling findings on the occurrence of MCRNLMP.Precisely,it comprises 1.48%of all cases involving simple renal cysts,5.26%of those with complex renal cysts,and a noteworthy 12.11%of renal tumors coexisting with renal cysts,indicating a statistically significant difference(P=0.001).Moreover,MCRNLMP constituted a significant 22.37%of the patient po-pulation whose cysts demonstrated a rapid growth rate of≥2.0 cm/year,whereas it only represented 0.66%among those with a growth rate below 2.0 cm/year.Of the 76 MCRNLMP cases studied,none of the nine patients who underwent subsequent nephron-sparing surgery or radical nephrectomy following renal cyst decompression experienced recurrence or metastasis.In the remaining 67 patients,who were actively monitored over a 3-year postoperative period,only one showed suspicious recurrence on CT scans.CONCLUSION MCRNLMP can be tentatively identified and categorized into three types based on CT scanning and growth rate indicators.In treating MCRNLMP,partial nephrectomy is preferred,while radical nephrectomy should be minimi-zed.After surgery,active monitoring is advisable to prevent unnecessary nephrectomy.

Multiple primary malignant neoplasms of three early cancer lesions： a case report

Multiple primary malignant neoplasms （MPMNs） are rarely reported and it is important to give early diagnosis and proper therapy for these patients. Here reported a case of 62-year-old man with concomitant three early stage cancer lesions in upper gastrointestinal tract, all of which were detected by endoscopy. The first one was an llc-type lesion at angular part of stomach under endoscopy, which was histologically confirmed to be a mucosal well-differentiated adenocarcinoma.The patient underwent a standard radical gastrectomy for the lesion after the failure of endoscopic treatment. The other two neoplasms were observed during follow-up and were indicated as early stage lesions by synthesizing information from endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography and biopsy. One displayed as a hyperemic patch （3cm×4 cm in size） located at the part of esophagus 27 cm away from the incisor teeth and was proved to be moderately differentiated squamous cancer by histopathological examination. The other was an llc-type lesion （3.0 cm×3.5 cm in size） located at the part of esophagus 36 cm away from the incisor teeth, and the biopsy result showed a poorly differentiated squamous carcinoma. Both the two lesions were treated with radical radiation because the patient refused surgery management. No recurrence of former lesions or occurrence of novel lesions were observed during post-treatment follow-up, suggesting radical radiation might be effective for this patient.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the axilla with breast cancer:A case report

BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant neoplasms refer to multiple tumors with different origins.They may be synchronous or metachronous.The incidence is 0.73%–11.7%.Synchronous cases of breast cancer with sarcoma are rare.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a 78-year-old female patient admitted to hospital after accidental discovery of a left axillary mass.Preoperative examination revealed a breast mass.Pathology showed left breast cancer and left axillary sarcoma.The patient underwent surgery,endocrine therapy and radiotherapy.She has been followed up for 1 year,and no local recurrence or distant metastasis was observed.CONCLUSION Attention should be paid to multiple primary malignant neoplasms,not limited to the current diagnosis and analysis,avoiding missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

Extramammary Paget’s Disease Manifested by Intraepithelial Adenocarcinoma of the Vulva and Anus Combined with Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Ampullary Part of the Rectum

The Object of the Study: The author of the given paper describes an unusual combination of two diseases: extramammary Paget’s disease manifested by intraepithelial adenocarcinoma of the vulva and anus combined with invasive adenocarcinoma of the ampullary part of the rectum and describes the atypical manifestations of these diseases. The Content: The content of this research paper includes a description of the patient, an analysis of the clinical picture, diagnostic methods and therapeutic interventions used, a report of the following disease, and the result of the presented case. The Result of the Research Work: The result of the research work is the analysis of a clinical case with two different tumors, where such a combination of tumors is rarely described in the literature. Moreover, no large specific sample with this combination of diseases is available. Patient Characteristics: The given case report describes a patient of the Palliative Care Unit of the Gerontology Clinic with a primary diagnosis of C20-rectal adenocarcinoma in the background of the anal canal, perineal skin Paget’s disease, stage IV. The presented complications of the patient’s primary diagnosis are multiple metastases in the liver;status post palliative chemotherapy;hepatomegaly;metastases to abdominal lymph nodes, inguinal lymph nodes;metastases at Th12, L4 level;pain syndrome. The presented above combination of diagnosed diseases is very rare. Applied Diagnostics: In October 2021, it was performed diagnostic manipulation: biopsy and the pathologist have provided a microscopic description. The first tissue fragment had a pronounced electrothermal lesion and the epithelial structures were not valuable. The second skin tissue fragment was covered with hyperplastic and acanthotic epithelium;its basal and middle layers contained multiple large cells proliferates extending into the medial epidermis, and the cytoplasm of these cells reacted positively with PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff reaction). It needs to be noted that the patient had previously had several years of biopsies from the perineal and anal epidermis, where Paget’s disease had also been diagnosed. The performed immunohistochemistry showed these cells to be CK20 positive, CK7 rare positive and p16 negative. The following pathohistological findings were made: morphological and immunohistochemical picture is consistent with Paget’s disease. According to the ICD-10, the patient was diagnosed with C51 malignant neoplasm of the female external genitalia. Using imaging diagnostics, it became clear that the patient’s rectal adenocarcinoma had progressed to metastatic stage with distant liver metastases in the background of anal canal, perineal skin Paget’s disease. Therapeutic Plan of the Patient: Based on the patient’s main diagnoses, the complications of the principal diagnosis, the patient’s overall severe condition, pain syndrome, age and comorbidities, palliative chemotherapy was approved as a therapeutic option in council of doctors. Monitoring and Outcome of the Patient: The patient’s general condition was becoming worse over time, and she was diagnosed with exitus latalis in December 2022. At that time, the patient was discharged from hospital and was on palliative care at home under the control of her family physician.

Heterochronic triple primary malignancies with Epstein-Barr virus infection and tumor protein 53 gene mutation:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND The diagnosis and etiology of multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)are difficult to establish.Here,we report a case of heterochronic triple primary malignancies with gastric cancer,nasopharyngeal squamous cell cancer,and then rectal cancer.CASE SUMMARY The patient was first diagnosed with gastric cancer at the age of 33 in 2014 and underwent distal gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy and six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy.Three years later,he was diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer and treated with radical chemoradiotherapy in 2017.Recently,a mass in the middle of the rectum was resected and reported as ulcerative,moderately to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.Research on the etiology of MPMNs showed that Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection may be the cause of gastric cancer and nasopharyngeal squamous cell cancer since these two primary lesions were positive for transcripts of EBV-encoded ribonucleic acid using an in situ hybridization EBV-encoded ribonucleic acid probe in formalin-fixed,paraffinembedded tissue.The cause of rectal cancer may be due to a somatic mutation of tumor protein 53 gene in exon 8(c.844C>T,p.Arg282Trp)through highthroughput sequencing for the rectal cancer.Appropriate standard therapy for each primary cancer was administered,and the patient has no evidence of cancer disease to date.CONCLUSION To our knowledge,this is the first report on heterochronic triple primary malignancies whose cause may be associated with EBV infection and tumor protein 53 genetic mutations.The etiological research may not only elucidate the cause of MPMN but also has implications in clinical management.

Genetic characteristics of a patient with multiple primary cancers:A case report

BACKGROUND Two or multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)rarely occur in the same patient.It has been reported that MPMNs are easily misdiagnosed as the recurrence or metastasis of malignancies in clinical practice,affecting the choice of treatment for the patients,thereby resulting in the delay of optimal diagnosis.Next generation sequencing(NGS)can be used to distinguish between multiple primary lung cancers and intrapulmonary metastasis,and may distinguish the origin of tumours in different sites of the body.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of 66-year-old woman who suffered from different malignant neoplasms in the rectum and esophageal and gastrointestinal tract.The first neoplasm rectal adenocarcinoma was diagnosed and removed in 2016.The second and third lesions were diagnosed with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma(ESCC)and gastrointestinal stromal tumour(GIST),respectively,in 2019.Nextgeneration whole exome sequencing was performed on the tissue specimens of rectal carcinoma,esophageal cancer,GIST,and white blood cells to investigate the relationship between malignancies at different timeframe and determine whether the ESCC and GIST evolved from the rectal adenocarcinoma.Mutations including v-Ki-ras2-Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog,adenomatosis polyposis coli,and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 were detected in rectal adenocarcinoma sample,mast/stem cell growth factor receptor was detected in GIST tissue,and lysine methyltransferase 2D was detected in ESCC specimen.Overall,ESCC and GIST were not genetically evolved from rectal adenocarcinoma,and this patient did not have a trunk driven clone.CONCLUSION NGS is an effective tool to study clonal evolution of tumours and distinguish between MPMNs and intrapulmonary metastasis.

The Influence of Oncological Treatment on Tooth Agenesis in Adult Patients after Childhood Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

Malignant neoplasms are one of the main causes of death in developed countries.Thanks to the multidisciplinary approach and treatments methods(surgical treatment,chemotherapy,radiotherapy)in pediatric oncology,the number of cancer survivors among children is growing.The high survival rate obliges the medical community to monitor the long-term consequences of both the cancer disease and the anticancer treatment used.The incidence and type of complications in oncological treatment vary.Their presence and severity depend on the child‟s age,the nature of the malignant neoplasm,as well as the specificity and intensity of therapy.Frequent complications of treatment may include serious maxillofacial defects resulting from developmental disorders of bones,soft tissues and teeth.One of the dental complications of both radio-and chemotherapy is tooth agenesis.In this manuscript,we highlight the dental complications of oncological treatment and the need of an interdisciplinary approach in dealing with them.

The pathology of urinary bladder lesions with an inverted growth pattern

Inverted lesions in the urinary bladder have been the source of some difficulty in urological pathology. The two common ones are von Brunn＇s nests and cystitis cystic/cystitis glandularis, which are considered normal variants of urothelium. Apart from them, a number of other rare urothelial lesions with inverted growth pattern occur in the urinary bladder. Some of them are only reactive conditions, just as pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia. Some are benign tumors, namely inverted papilloma. Whereas others are malignant neoplasms, including inverted papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential （PUNLMP）, non-invasive inverted papillary urothelial carcinoma （low-grade and high-grade）, and invasive urothelial carcinoma （inverted, nested and big nested variants）. Because of the overlapping morphological features of all the inverted lesions mentioned above, even between high-grade invasive carcinoma and psendoearcinomatous hyperplasia which are only a kind of reactive conditions, it is very important for the surgical pathologist to recognize and be familiar with these inverted lesions in urinary bladder. In this article, we review these spectrums of inverted lesions of the urinary bladder. Emphasis is placed on histogenesis, morphology, differential diagnosis of these lesions, and the pathologic grading of the non-invasive inverted neoplasms, such as inverted papilloma, inverted PUNLMP, non-invasive inverted papillary urothelial carcinoma with low-grade, and non-invasive inverted papillary urothelial carcinoma with high-grade.

Adenocarcinoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium manifested as an anterior chamber mass

Dear Editor,Adenocarcinoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium（NPCE）is a rare malignant tumor which is not easy to be found in the early stage（[1]）.Herein,we report a case of adenocarcinoma of the NPCE in a Chinese boy and discuss its.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration： unraveling myths of mass in the chest

Lung cancer is one of the most common neoplasms worldwide and a major cause of cancer death.Rapid diagnosis and accurate staging for patients with suspected lung cancer are essential to appropriate treatment.However,many of submucosal or parabronchial intrapulmonary lesions are invisible by bronchoscopy despite their adjacency

Malignant transformation of craniopharyngioma in an infradiaphragmatic case

Till now, 13 cases of malignant craniopharyngioma （CP） have been reported around the world, including 11 cases of transformation from benign tumors and 2 cases of congenital ones. Irradiation seemed to contribute a lot to the cellular transformation. The controversies about the radical surgery or irradiation have not ceased for many decades. In this article, we report a case of infradiaphragmatic CP （Id-CP） in a child who experienced almost all current treatments. However, after multiple tumor recurrences, finally the malignant transformation occurred. The analysis of the tumor regrowth pattem and clinical characteristics provided some clues to standardize and individualize the treatment of Id-CP.