Objective： To elucidate the clinical significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） level in pa- tients with advanced cancer. Methods： Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to deter...Objective： To elucidate the clinical significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） level in pa- tients with advanced cancer. Methods： Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the serum VEGF concentration in 40 patients with advanced cancer [non-small cell rung cancer （NSCLC）, esophageal cancer （EC） and nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC）] before and after chemotherapy and 10 healthy volunteers as control group. Results： The serum VEGF concentrations in 40 cases of advanced cancer patients were significantly higher than those of 10 healthy control cases [（477.07 ± 374.10 ） pg/mL vs （139.09 ± 133.41 ） pg/mL; P = 0.016]. The serum VEGF concentrations in patients with NSCLC, EC and NPC were （518.53 _± 378.99） pg/mL, （399.21 ± 393.69） pg/mL and （500.68 ± 348.48） pg/mL, respectively. The differences were all statistically significant as compared with healthy control group （P values were 0.011,0.044 and 0.019, respectively）. The serum VEGF concentrations of the patients in response to chemotherapy was significantly lower than those of the same patients before they undergoing chemotherapy [（400.41 ± 332.84） pg/mL vs （777.10 ± 666.01） pg/mL; P = 0.034]. Conclusion： The serum VEGF level might be a novel and promising tumor marker of advanced malignancies and a predictor of disease progression, prognosis and therapeutic efficacy,展开更多
As a key mediator of normal physiological angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) has been regarded as an emancipator to plastic surgeon, and yet a misfortune to oncology surgeon, due to its singular bi...As a key mediator of normal physiological angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) has been regarded as an emancipator to plastic surgeon, and yet a misfortune to oncology surgeon, due to its singular biological effect. Therefore in some clinical cases, especially for some malignant tumor patients having endured radical surgery and being craving for a reconstructive surgery, VEGF plays a role full of paradoxes. To make a clinical balance, we should find a point to inhibit tumor cell from utilizing VEGF and make a permission to normal tissues to employ it.展开更多
AIM: To study the association of the frequency and pattern of KIT and PDGFRA mutations and clinicopathological factors in a group of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). METHODS: Thirty patients with ...AIM: To study the association of the frequency and pattern of KIT and PDGFRA mutations and clinicopathological factors in a group of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). METHODS: Thirty patients with GIST were examined. Exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 of the KIT and exons 12 and 18 of the PDGFRA gene were analyzed for the presence of mutations by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. RESULTS: KIT or PDGFRA mutations were detected in 21 of the 30 patients (70%). Sixteen patients had mutations within KIT exon 11, three within KIT exon 9, and two within PDGFRA exon 18. GISTs with KIT exon 9 mutations were predominantly located in the small intestine, showed a spindle cell phenotype, and were assessed as potentially malignant. GISTs with KIT exon 11 mutations were located in the stomach and intestine, showed mainly a spindle cell phenotype, and were scored as potentially malignant (P < 0.05). Tumors with KIT exon 11 codon 557/558 deletion/insertion mutations were found to be associated with a potentially malignant clinical behaviour (P < 0.003). GISTs with PDGFRA mutations located in stomach showed a mixedcell phenotype and were classified as of very low or low moderate malignant potential. CONCLUSION: Determination of KIT and PDGFRA mutations should be additional parameters for the better prediction of GISTs clinical behaviour. Tumors with deletion/insertion mutations affecting codons 557/558 of the KIT gene seem to represent a distinct subset of malignant GISTs.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer death. Since the diagnosis of HCC is difficult, in many cases patients with HCC are diagnosed advanced stage of d...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer death. Since the diagnosis of HCC is difficult, in many cases patients with HCC are diagnosed advanced stage of development. Hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)/c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition receptor(c-Met) axis is a key signaling pathway in HCC, either via canonical or non-canonical pathways. Available treatments against HCC based upon HGF/c-Met inhibition can increase patient lifespan, but do not reach the expected therapeutic benefits. In HCC, c-Met monomers can bind other receptor monomers, activating several noncanonical signaling pathways, leading to increased cell proliferation, invasion, motility, and drug resistance. All of these processes are enhanced by the tumor microenvironment, with stromal cells contributing to boost tumor progression through oxidative stress, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Novel treatments against HCC are being explored to modulate other targets such as microR NAs, methyltransferases, and acetyltransferases, which are all involved in the regulation of gene expression in cancer. This review compiles basic knowledge regarding signaling pathways in HCC, and compounds already used or showing potential to be used in clinical trials.展开更多
Gastrointestinal(GI)stromal tumor is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the GI tract but also occurs with a lower frequency in extragastrointestinal regions and is called extragastrointestinal stromal tumor(EGIST...Gastrointestinal(GI)stromal tumor is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the GI tract but also occurs with a lower frequency in extragastrointestinal regions and is called extragastrointestinal stromal tumor(EGIST).We report an unusual case of EGIST presenting as a vaginal mass.A 41-year-old woman presented with a gradually enlarging vaginal mass for the last2 years.Physical examination revealed an elliptical,non-tender mass about 7.5 cm×7 cm in size in the posterior vaginal wall and was resected completely.Under histological examination,the tumor showed a spindle cell type with coagulation necrosis,hemorrhage and high mitotic count.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed tumor cells were positive for DOG1,CD117,CD34 and p53 protein.Ki-67 labeling was 8%.Genetic analysis showed a deletion of exon 11 of the c-kit gene at codons 557-558.EGISTs should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with solid mass of the vaginal wall.展开更多
A 77-year-old Japanese male patient was admitted to our hospital complaining of general fatigue and melena. A gastroduodenal endoscopic examination revealed no def initive localized lesions. However, both a large amou...A 77-year-old Japanese male patient was admitted to our hospital complaining of general fatigue and melena. A gastroduodenal endoscopic examination revealed no def initive localized lesions. However, both a large amount of cruor and blood ? ow from the small intestine into the ascending colon was observed during the colonoscopic examination. At least three tumors, believed to originate from the small intestine, were detected by abdominal computed tomography. Based on these f indings, multiple and hemorrhagic small intestinal tumors were diagnosed and surgical treatment of the tumors planned. During the celiotomy, twelve tumors were found in the small intestine. Intestinal wedge or partial resection was applied. All excised specimens demonstrated morphology of a submucosal tumor and the largest tumor had a delle with coagulation on the mucosal face. In the histological f indings, hematoxylin and eosin staining showed spindlecell morphology. The immunohistochemical examination revealed that the tumor cells were diffusely positive for KIT and CD34. The myenteric plexus layer of the small intestine was focal-positive for KIT and showed no intestinal cells of Cajal hyperplasia. The tumor sequencing results revealed an identical missense mutation in codon 642 of c-kit exon 13 leading to the replacement of lysine by glutamic acid and a silent germ-line mutation in exon 12 of the PDGFRA gene concerning whole blood, normal mucosa and tumors. We concluded that the current subject was categorized as having multiple sporadic-type gastrointestinal stromal tumor with identical mutational types. Although the patient did not receive any adjuvant chemotherapy, there has been no sign of recurrence over the 3 years since the surgery.展开更多
基金a grant from the Administration of Chinese Traditional Medicine of Guangdong Province(No.1040101)
文摘Objective： To elucidate the clinical significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） level in pa- tients with advanced cancer. Methods： Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the serum VEGF concentration in 40 patients with advanced cancer [non-small cell rung cancer （NSCLC）, esophageal cancer （EC） and nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC）] before and after chemotherapy and 10 healthy volunteers as control group. Results： The serum VEGF concentrations in 40 cases of advanced cancer patients were significantly higher than those of 10 healthy control cases [（477.07 ± 374.10 ） pg/mL vs （139.09 ± 133.41 ） pg/mL; P = 0.016]. The serum VEGF concentrations in patients with NSCLC, EC and NPC were （518.53 _± 378.99） pg/mL, （399.21 ± 393.69） pg/mL and （500.68 ± 348.48） pg/mL, respectively. The differences were all statistically significant as compared with healthy control group （P values were 0.011,0.044 and 0.019, respectively）. The serum VEGF concentrations of the patients in response to chemotherapy was significantly lower than those of the same patients before they undergoing chemotherapy [（400.41 ± 332.84） pg/mL vs （777.10 ± 666.01） pg/mL; P = 0.034]. Conclusion： The serum VEGF level might be a novel and promising tumor marker of advanced malignancies and a predictor of disease progression, prognosis and therapeutic efficacy,
文摘As a key mediator of normal physiological angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) has been regarded as an emancipator to plastic surgeon, and yet a misfortune to oncology surgeon, due to its singular biological effect. Therefore in some clinical cases, especially for some malignant tumor patients having endured radical surgery and being craving for a reconstructive surgery, VEGF plays a role full of paradoxes. To make a clinical balance, we should find a point to inhibit tumor cell from utilizing VEGF and make a permission to normal tissues to employ it.
基金Supported by The Hellenic State Scholarship Foundation, Dept of Science Promotion, 2005 Grant for Scientific Research. No. 19366/2005
文摘AIM: To study the association of the frequency and pattern of KIT and PDGFRA mutations and clinicopathological factors in a group of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). METHODS: Thirty patients with GIST were examined. Exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 of the KIT and exons 12 and 18 of the PDGFRA gene were analyzed for the presence of mutations by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. RESULTS: KIT or PDGFRA mutations were detected in 21 of the 30 patients (70%). Sixteen patients had mutations within KIT exon 11, three within KIT exon 9, and two within PDGFRA exon 18. GISTs with KIT exon 9 mutations were predominantly located in the small intestine, showed a spindle cell phenotype, and were assessed as potentially malignant. GISTs with KIT exon 11 mutations were located in the stomach and intestine, showed mainly a spindle cell phenotype, and were scored as potentially malignant (P < 0.05). Tumors with KIT exon 11 codon 557/558 deletion/insertion mutations were found to be associated with a potentially malignant clinical behaviour (P < 0.003). GISTs with PDGFRA mutations located in stomach showed a mixedcell phenotype and were classified as of very low or low moderate malignant potential. CONCLUSION: Determination of KIT and PDGFRA mutations should be additional parameters for the better prediction of GISTs clinical behaviour. Tumors with deletion/insertion mutations affecting codons 557/558 of the KIT gene seem to represent a distinct subset of malignant GISTs.
基金Supported by grants BIO2014-56092-R(MINECO and FEDER)No.P12-CTS-1507(Andalusian Government and FEDER)+1 种基金funds from group BIO-267(Andalusian Government)The“CIBER de Enfermedades Raras”is an initiative from the ISCIII(Spain)
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer death. Since the diagnosis of HCC is difficult, in many cases patients with HCC are diagnosed advanced stage of development. Hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)/c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition receptor(c-Met) axis is a key signaling pathway in HCC, either via canonical or non-canonical pathways. Available treatments against HCC based upon HGF/c-Met inhibition can increase patient lifespan, but do not reach the expected therapeutic benefits. In HCC, c-Met monomers can bind other receptor monomers, activating several noncanonical signaling pathways, leading to increased cell proliferation, invasion, motility, and drug resistance. All of these processes are enhanced by the tumor microenvironment, with stromal cells contributing to boost tumor progression through oxidative stress, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Novel treatments against HCC are being explored to modulate other targets such as microR NAs, methyltransferases, and acetyltransferases, which are all involved in the regulation of gene expression in cancer. This review compiles basic knowledge regarding signaling pathways in HCC, and compounds already used or showing potential to be used in clinical trials.
文摘Gastrointestinal(GI)stromal tumor is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the GI tract but also occurs with a lower frequency in extragastrointestinal regions and is called extragastrointestinal stromal tumor(EGIST).We report an unusual case of EGIST presenting as a vaginal mass.A 41-year-old woman presented with a gradually enlarging vaginal mass for the last2 years.Physical examination revealed an elliptical,non-tender mass about 7.5 cm×7 cm in size in the posterior vaginal wall and was resected completely.Under histological examination,the tumor showed a spindle cell type with coagulation necrosis,hemorrhage and high mitotic count.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed tumor cells were positive for DOG1,CD117,CD34 and p53 protein.Ki-67 labeling was 8%.Genetic analysis showed a deletion of exon 11 of the c-kit gene at codons 557-558.EGISTs should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with solid mass of the vaginal wall.
文摘A 77-year-old Japanese male patient was admitted to our hospital complaining of general fatigue and melena. A gastroduodenal endoscopic examination revealed no def initive localized lesions. However, both a large amount of cruor and blood ? ow from the small intestine into the ascending colon was observed during the colonoscopic examination. At least three tumors, believed to originate from the small intestine, were detected by abdominal computed tomography. Based on these f indings, multiple and hemorrhagic small intestinal tumors were diagnosed and surgical treatment of the tumors planned. During the celiotomy, twelve tumors were found in the small intestine. Intestinal wedge or partial resection was applied. All excised specimens demonstrated morphology of a submucosal tumor and the largest tumor had a delle with coagulation on the mucosal face. In the histological f indings, hematoxylin and eosin staining showed spindlecell morphology. The immunohistochemical examination revealed that the tumor cells were diffusely positive for KIT and CD34. The myenteric plexus layer of the small intestine was focal-positive for KIT and showed no intestinal cells of Cajal hyperplasia. The tumor sequencing results revealed an identical missense mutation in codon 642 of c-kit exon 13 leading to the replacement of lysine by glutamic acid and a silent germ-line mutation in exon 12 of the PDGFRA gene concerning whole blood, normal mucosa and tumors. We concluded that the current subject was categorized as having multiple sporadic-type gastrointestinal stromal tumor with identical mutational types. Although the patient did not receive any adjuvant chemotherapy, there has been no sign of recurrence over the 3 years since the surgery.
