Deep learning model combined with computed tomography features to preoperatively predicting the risk stratification of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST)are prevalent neoplasm originating from the gastrointestinal mesenchyme.Approximately 50%of GIST patients experience tumor recurrence within 5 years.Thus,there is a pressing need to accurately evaluate risk stratification preoperatively.AIM To assess the application of a deep learning model(DLM)combined with computed tomography features for predicting risk stratification of GISTs.METHODS Preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT)images of 551 GIST patients were retrospectively analyzed.All image features were independently analyzed by two radiologists.Quantitative parameters were statistically analyzed to identify significant predictors of high-risk malignancy.Patients were randomly assigned to the training(n=386)and validation cohorts(n=165).A DLM and a combined DLM were established for predicting the GIST risk stratification using convolutional neural network and subsequently evaluated in the validation cohort.RESULTS Among the analyzed CECT image features,tumor size,ulceration,and enlarged feeding vessels were identified as significant risk predictors(P<0.05).In DLM,the overall area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)was 0.88,with the accuracy(ACC)and AUROCs for each stratification being 87%and 0.96 for low-risk,79%and 0.74 for intermediate-risk,and 84%and 0.90 for high-risk,respectively.The overall ACC and AUROC were 84%and 0.94 in the combined model.The ACC and AUROCs for each risk stratification were 92%and 0.97 for low-risk,87%and 0.83 for intermediate-risk,and 90%and 0.96 for high-risk,respectively.Differences in AUROCs for each risk stratification between the two models were significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION A combined DLM with satisfactory performance for preoperatively predicting GIST stratifications was developed using routine computed tomography data,demonstrating superiority compared to DLM.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor detected by technetium-99m methoxy-2-isobutylisonitrile single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography:A case report

BACKGROUND Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(NETs)account for about 1%–2%of pancreatic tumors and about 8%of all NETs.Computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging,and endoscopic ultrasound are common imaging modalities for the diagnosis of pancreatic NETs.Furthermore,somatostatin receptor imaging is of great value for diagnosing pancreatic NETs.Herein,we report the efficacy of technetium-99m methoxy-2-isobutylisonitrile(99mTc-MIBI)single photon emission CT(SPECT)/CT for detecting pancreatic NETs.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a 1-d history of persistent upper abdominal distending pain.The distending pain in the upper abdomen was aggravated after eating,with nausea and retching.Routine blood test results showed a high neutrophil percentage,low leukomonocyte and monocyte percentages,and low leukomonocyte and eosinophil counts.Amylase,liver and kidney function,and tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein,carcinoembryonic antigen,and cancer antigen(CA)125,CA72-4,CA19-9,and CA153 were normal.Abdominal CT showed a mass,with multiple calcifications between the pancreas and the spleen.The boundary between the mass and the pancreas and spleen was poorly defined.Contrast-enhanced CT revealed that the upper abdominal mass was unevenly and gradually enhanced.99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT revealed that a focal radioactive concentration,with mild radioactive concentration extending into the upper abdominal mass,was present at the pancreatic body and tail.The 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT manifestations were consistent with the final pathological diagnosis of pancreatic NET.CONCLUSION 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT appears to be a valuable tool for detecting pancreatic NETs.

Preoperative prediction of malignant potential of 2-5 cm gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors by computerized tomography-based radiomics

BACKGROUND The use of endoscopic surgery for treating gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)between 2 and 5 cm remains controversial considering the potential risk of metastasis and recurrence.Also,surgeons are facing great difficulties and challenges in assessing the malignant potential of 2-5 cm gastric GISTs.AIM To develop and evaluate computerized tomography(CT)-based radiomics for predicting the malignant potential of primary 2-5 cm gastric GISTs.METHODS A total of 103 patients with pathologically confirmed gastric GISTs between 2 and 5 cm were enrolled.The malignant potential was categorized into low grade and high grade according to postoperative pathology results.Preoperative CT images were reviewed by two radiologists.A radiological model was constructed by CT findings and clinical characteristics using logistic regression.Radiomic features were extracted from preoperative contrast-enhanced CT images in the arterial phase.The XGboost method was used to construct a radiomics model for the prediction of malignant potential.Nomogram was established by combing the radiomics score with CT findings.All of the models were developed in a training group(n=69)and evaluated in a test group(n=34).RESULTS The area under the curve(AUC)value of the radiological,radiomics,and nomogram models was 0.753(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.597-0.909),0.919(95%CI:0.828-1.000),and 0.916(95%CI:0.801-1.000)in the training group vs 0.642(95%CI:0.379-0.870),0.881(95%CI:0.772-0.990),and 0.894(95%CI:0.773-1.000)in the test group,respectively.The AUC of the nomogram model was significantly larger than that of the radiological model in both the training group(Z=2.795,P=0.0052)and test group(Z=2.785,P=0.0054).The decision curve of analysis showed that the nomogram model produced increased benefit across the entire risk threshold range.CONCLUSION Radiomics may be an effective tool to predict the malignant potential of 2-5 cm gastric GISTs and assist preoperative clinical decision making.

A correlation of computed tomography perfusion and histopathology in tumor edges of hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND： The peripheral morphologic characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） reflect tumor growth patterns. Computed tomography （CT） perfusion is a new method to analyze hemodynamic changes in tissues. We assessed the relationship between CT perfusion and histopathologic findings in the periphery of HCC lesions. METHODS： Non-contrast CT, enhanced dual-phase CT, and CT perfusion were performed on 77 subjects （47 patients and 30 controls）. Based on the imaging findings of enhanced dual- phase CT, the tumor edges were classified into three types： type Ⅰ （sharp）; type Ⅱ （blurry）; and type Ⅲ （mixed）. The CT perfusion parameters included hepatic blood flow, hepatic arterial fraction, hepatic arterial perfusion, and hepatic portal perfusion. The tissue sections from resected specimens were subjected to routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for CD34. The correlations between microvessel density （MVD） and the CT perfusion parameters were analyzed using Pearson＇s product-moment correlation coefficient. Changes in the perfusion parameters in tumor edges of different tumor types were evaluated. RESULTS： Type Ⅰ （sharp）： the pathologic findings showed fibrous connective tissue capsules in the tumor edges, and an MVD 〈30/ram2. Type Ⅱ （blurry）： the histology showed that the edges were clear with no capsules and an MVD 〉30/ram2. Type Ⅲ （mixed）： the pathology was similar to that of types I and II, and an MVD 〉30/mm~. Hepatic blood flow, hepatic arterial fraction, hepatic arterial perfusion, and hepatic portal perfusion were significantly increased in the tumor edges of HCC patients compared to those of the controls （P〈0.05）. The correlation between CT perfusion parameters and MVD was higher in blurry tumor edges of type II than in those of types Ⅰ or Ⅲ. CONCLUSION： CT perfusion imaging of tumor edges may be helpful in revealing histopathological features, and indirectly reflect angiogenic changes of HCCs.

Huge pelvi-abdominal malignant inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with rapid recurrence in a 14-year-old boy

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT) is an uncommon benign neoplasm with locally aggressive behavior but malignant change is rare.We report an unusual case of pelvic-abdominal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with malignant transformation in a 14-year-old boy presenting with abdominal pain and 9 kg body weight loss in one month.Computed tomography revealed a huge pelvi-abdominal mass(30 cm),possibly originating from the pelvic extraperitoneal space,protruding into the abdomen leading to upward displacement of the bowel loops,downward displacement of the urinary bladder,massive central necrosis,a well-enhanced peripheral solid component with prominent peritumoral vascularity.Subsequent examination confirmed the computed tomographic findings.Histopathologic examination revealed proliferative epitheloid and spindle cells,inflammatory cell infiltration and high mitotic counts.Immunohistochemistry was strongly positive for anaplastic lymphoma kinase and revealed a high proliferative index(ki-67 = 40%).DNA sequencing and electronic microscopy further confirmed the primitive fibroblastic cell phenotype of the tumor and a final diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with malignant transformation was established.Rapid tumor recurrence was noted 20 d after radical tumor resection.To our knowledge,this is the largest documented case of IMT in a pediatric patient and the first report of IMT with malignant transformation originating from the pelvic extraperitoneal space.

Value of Multi-slice spiral CT in diagnosis of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate the value of multi-slice spiral CT （MSCT） in the diagnosis of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors （GISTs）. Methods： Twenty-seven cases of MSCT images of malignant GIST proved by surgery and pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Both plain and enhanced CT scan was performed and multiplanar reconstruction was made in all cases. Results： The lesions originated from the stomach （n = 11）, small intestine （n = 9）, colon （n = 4）, rectum （n = 1）, and mesentery （n = 2）. The transverse diameters of mass were 4.2-22 cm, the edges clearly （n = 12）, unclearly （n = 15）. The mass were mainly irregular in shape Iobulated （n = 19）. The lesions were mainly heterogeneity on plain scan, moderate to marked enhancement in arterial phase and durative enhanced in venous phase. Cystic necrosis were observed in all the lesions, 9 cases were cystic and solid mixed mass. Hepatic metastases （n = 4）, pulmonary metastasis （n = 1）, lymphatic metastasis （n = 2） were detected. The accuracy rate of MSCT diagnosis for location and pathologic features of GISTs were 85.2% （23/27） and 77.8% （21/27）. Conclusion： Two-phase MSCT examination and axial images combined with multiplanar reconstruction images have important value for diagnosis of malignant GIST.

Malignant giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath of the right hip:A case report

BACKGROUND Malignant giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath(MGCTTS)is an extremely rare malignant tumor originating from synovial and tendon sheath tissue with highly aggressive biological behavior and a high rate of local recurrence and distant metastasis which should be considered a highly malignant sarcoma and managed aggressively.How to systemically treat MGCTTS remains a challenge.In this case,a patient with MGCTTS suffered a recurrence after 2 surgical resections received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy,but the treatment outcome remained poor.More clinical trials and better understanding of the biology and molecular aspects of this subtype of sarcoma are needed while novel medicines should be developed to efficiently target particular pathways.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old man presented with persistent dull pain in the right groin accompanied by limited right hip motion starting 6 mo ago.Two months before his attending to hospital,the patient’s pain worsened,presenting as severe pain when standing or walking,limping,and inability to straighten or move the right lower extremity.Surgical excision was performed and MGCTTS was confirmed by pathology examination.Two recurrences occurred after surgical resection,moreover,the treatment outcome remained poor after adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy.The patient died only 10 mo after the initial diagnosis.CONCLUSION MGCTTS is characterized by a joint mass with pain and limited motion.It typically grows along the tendons and infiltrated into the surrounding muscle and bone tissue,with a stubborn tendency to relapse,as well as pulmonary metastasis.Radically surgical resection provides a choice of treatment whereas post-operation care should be taken to preserve the function of the joint.Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be used as alternative treatments when radical resection cannot be performed.

Primary Malignant Renal Tumors in Infancy and Childhood: CT Appearances

Objective： To investigate the imaging manifestation of primary malignant renal tumor with CT. Methods： Forty-three cases of surgically and pathologically confirmed primary malignant renal tumor were retrospectively reviewed. Un-contrast and contrast CT was performed in all 43 patients in which 15 patients received MRI examination. Results： The residual normal renal tissue of 29 cases out of 34 cases of Wilms＇ tumor was enhanced and manifested ＂crescent sign＂ or ＂ring sign＂. Four cases of malignant rabdoid tumor （RTK） manifested as large mass with notable necrosis and subcapsular fluid collection; Two cases of clear cell sarcoma （CCS） showed metastases to the skull which could indicate the diagnosis; Renal cell carcinoma （RCC） （n=3） showed calcification in 1 case. Conclusion： CT can precisely delineate the location, size, extent of involvement, imaging characteristics and metastases of renal tumor, which can provide information necessary to the clinical staging, therapy planning and prognosis of the tumors.

Malignant giant cell tumor in the left upper arm soft tissue of an adolescent:A case report

BACKGROUND Giant cell tumor of soft tissue(GCT-ST)is an extremely rare low-grade soft tissue tumor that is originates in superficial tissue and rarely spreads deeper.GCT-ST has unpredictable behavior.It is mainly benign,but may sometimes become aggressive and potentially increase in size within a short period of time.CASE SUMMARY A 17-year-old man was suspected of having a fracture,based on radiography following left shoulder trauma.One month later,the swelling of the left shoulder continued to increase and the pain was obvious.Computed tomography(CT)revealed a soft tissue mass with strip-like calcifications in the left shoulder.The mass invaded the adjacent humerus and showed an insect-like area of destruction at the edge of the cortical bone of the upper humerus.The marrow cavity of the upper humerus was enlarged,and a soft tissue density was seen in the medullary cavity.Thoracic CT revealed multiple small nodules beneath the pleura of both lungs.A bone scan demonstrated increased activity in the left shoulder joint and proximal humerus.The mass showed mixed moderate hypointensity and hyperintensity on T1-weighted images,and mixed hyperintensity on T2-weighted fat-saturated images.The final diagnosis of GCT-ST was confirmed by pathology.CONCLUSION GCT-STs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors and monitored for large increases in size.

Malignant Triton Tumor in the Abdominal Wall: A Case Report

Malignant triton tumor (MTT) is a rare variant of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. We report the case of a 54-year-old male without a history of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) who had a growing abdominal wall tumor diagnosed as MTT. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/CT (FDG-PET/CT) were performed. The MRI and FDG-PET/CT indicated that the lateral component of the tumor was composed of many proliferative cells, corresponding to the histopathological finding of a cellular proliferation of spindle-shaped cells. In light of this case and previous reports, it is apparent that FDG-PET/CT is a helpful tool for distinguishing MTT from benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor.

A case of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the pancreas: CT and MRI findings

Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the pancreas is rare and a distinct clinical entity. We report a case of recurrence of pancreatic MFH with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. A 67-year-old man presented with a history of decreased body weight over the past 6 mo. Abdominal CT revealed a large, multilocular cystic mass in the head of the pancreas with obvious atrophy in the body and tail of the pancreas. After 6 mo postoperatively, MRI demonstrated a recurrent large mass in the primary area of the head of the pancreas. The lesion was heterogeneous, hypointense to the liver on T1-weighted imaging, and heterogeneously hyperintense to the liver with a hypointense area in the central part of the tumor on fat-saturated T2-weighted imaging. Contrast- enhanced T1-weighted imaging demonstrated a large multilocular cystic mass with a cystic wall, fibrous septa and enhancement of solid components. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on recurrence of primary MFH of the pancreas, and the first with MRI findings.

自身免疫性胰腺炎患者少见的影像表现

自身免疫性胰腺炎(autoimmune pancreatitis,AIP)是一种特殊类型的胰腺炎症,其常见的影像学特征已被影像科医师熟知,成为诊断AIP的影像学依据。然而在临床工作中我们也发现,除了常见的影像表现,AIP还可出现主胰管扩张、胰腺囊性病变、胰腺周围血管受累、胰腺钙化与胰管结石、类固醇治疗后短期内显著胰腺萎缩、合并恶性肿瘤等少见的影像表现。为进一步提高对AIP影像表现的认识,本文介绍这些AIP少见的CT和MRI表现。

多层螺旋CT对2~5 cm胃间质瘤危险度分级的评估价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT对2~5cm胃间质瘤(GST)危险度分级的评估价值。方法选取165例经手术病理证实的2~5cm GST患者的临床、病理及影像学资料,根据病理结果分为肿瘤倾向良性生物学行为组(116例)和倾向恶性生物学行为组(49例),分析两组患者临床、CT特征的差异,运用多因素logistic回归分析及受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析独立影响因素对肿瘤危险度分级的诊断效能。结果GST的最大径、最小径、生长方式、形态、溃疡、囊变或坏死、肿瘤血管、肿瘤周围淋巴结、强化方式、强化程度等方面在危险度分级中差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中肿瘤最大径、最小径、肿瘤血管与病理危险度分级呈中度正相关,肿瘤最大径的曲线下面积(AUC)最大,为0.894,特异度、准确度最高,分别为87.8%、87.3%。经Logistic回归分析,GST最大径线(OR=7.560,P<0.001)、生长方式(OR=2.747,P=0.002)、肿瘤血管(OR=5.817,P=0.001)为鉴别GST不同危险度分级的独立影响因素。将肿瘤最大径、生长方式、肿瘤血管联合,AUC为0.936,诊断效能均高于单一方法(Z=2.016~5.770,P=0.001~0.044);敏感度为83.3%,特异度为91.8%,准确度为89.6%,均高于单一方法。结论多层螺旋CT对2~5cm GST危险度的分级有重要诊断价值,联合肿瘤最大径、生长方式、肿瘤血管可以更好的评估肿瘤危险度分级,对患者术前评估及治疗方式的选择有重要意义。

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma of the pancreas:A case report

BACKGROUND A sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma(SEF)is a rare malignant fibroblastic soft tissue tumor that rarely occurs in intra-abdominal organs.A case of a SEF in the pancreatic head is reported herein,including its clinical manifestations,preoperative imaging features,gross specimen and pathological findings.CASE SUMMARY A 33-year-old male patient was admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital in December 2023 due to a one-year history of intermittent upper abdominal pain and the discovery of a pancreatic mass.The patient underwent an enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen,which revealed a welldefined,round mass with clear borders and calcifications in the pancreatic head.The mass exhibited progressive,uneven mild enhancement,measuring approximately 6.6 cm×6.3 cm.The patient underwent laparoscopic pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy.Postoperative pathological examination revealed that the lesion was consistent with a SEF.At the 3-month postoperative follow-up,the patient did not report any short-term complications,and there were no signs of tumor recurrence.CONCLUSION SEFs are rare malignant fibrous soft tissue tumors.SEFs rarely develop in the pancreas,and its preoperative diagnosis depends on imaging findings,with confirmation depending on pathological examination and immunohistochemistry.Currently,only four cases of pancreatic SEF have been reported in studies written in English.This case is the first reported case of a pancreatic SEF by a clinical physician.

^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像在特发性炎性肌病中的多重价值

目的:探讨^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像在特发性炎性肌病(IIM)中的多重价值。方法:通过回顾性分析2014年8月至2022年4月在我院行PET/CT检查的特发性炎症性肌病患者21例,搜集患者的临床资料、肌酶等相关实验室指标及PET/CT影像资料。同时选取年龄及性别相匹配的PET/CT健康体检者21例(排除风湿性疾病及恶性肿瘤病史),并进行分析。结果:IIM患者肌肉SUVmax为(2.51±0.87)g/mL,对照组肌肉SUVmax为(1.24±0.26)g/mL。IIM患者肌肉的FDG摄取量显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=23.6,P<0.005)。ROC曲线结果分析显示,^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断IIM的最佳诊断截点为SUVmax=1.705g/mL,此时曲线下面积(Area Under Curve,AUC)为0.99,诊断灵敏度为90.5%,特异性为98.7%。21例IIM患者中,经PET/CT检查发现并最终确诊为恶性肿瘤的患者5例,包括鼻咽癌、食管癌、乳腺癌、乙状结肠癌及肺弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤。恶性肿瘤病灶的SUVmax为(4.68±1.77)g/mL。合并间质性肺病ILD患者14例,肺部病灶SUVmax为(2.44±1.36)g/mL。Pearson相关性分析显示,IIM患者四肢FDG摄取与血清肌酸激酶(CK)(r=0.742,P<0.05)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)(r=0.863,P<0.05)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)(r=0.897,P<0.05)水平升高均呈正相关性。结论:对于IIM患者,^(18)F-FDG PET/CT在评估肌病状态、诊断恶性肿瘤及间质性肺疾病等方面具有多重价值。因此,PET/CT可作为一种有效的影像诊断手段,通过一次成像进行多器官探查,用于IIM及相关并发症的诊断及病情评估。

坐骨直肠窝恶性外周神经鞘膜瘤1例并文献复习

目的探讨坐骨直肠窝恶性外周神经鞘膜瘤(MPNST)的影像学特点,以提高对该肿瘤的认识。方法回顾性分析1例经病理证实的坐骨直肠窝MPNST病人的CT和MRI表现,并复习相关文献。结果肿瘤为囊实性袋状肿物,部分边界不清,CT平扫呈等-低密度,增强扫描呈不均匀渐进性强化。MRI平扫时T_(1)WI呈等信号、T_(2)WI呈靶状高低混杂信号;扩散加权成像(DWI)呈局部点片状高信号,表观扩散系数(ADC)图呈低信号;增强扫描表现为颗粒状、片絮状,呈不均匀渐进性强化,动态增强曲线为平台型。结论MPNST是坐骨直肠窝的罕见肿瘤,其影像表现具有一定特点,认识特殊征象(不典型“靶征”、“神经出入征”)及动态强化方式有利于诊断。

Comparing Gross Tumor Volume of Delineation between CT and MRI for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Objective: To study the accuracy between CT and MRI in delineating gross tumor volume (GTV) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in making radiotherapy plan. Methods: The clinical data of 39 cases pathologically proven as nasopharyngeal carcinoma selected from April 2003 to September 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. All were subjected to CT and MR examination one week before treatment. CT scanning was performed with GE Light speed 16, and axial scan was parallel to the OM line routinely from soft palate to the suprasellar cistern. MR scanning was performed by GE Signa super-conducting magnetic resonance imaging system (1.5 Tesla). The standard quadrature head coil was used. Routine axial, sagittal and coronal image with SE sequence were obtained, and FLAIR was used in 10 of 21 cases. Scanned field ranged from the soft palate to the suprasellar cistern. Part of all cases underwent enhanced scanned with Ultravist in CT group or/and GD-DTPA in MR group. All data were analyzed by using the paired-samples t test. Results: The media primary tumor volume (cm3) in CT group and MR group was 32.49±19.91, 29.06±18.75, respectively, and the difference between the two groups were significant (t=5.268, P=0.000). There was significant difference between the two groups in early stage (T1+T2) and advanced stage (T3+T4) by Fuzhou Staging System (t=5.677, P=0.000; t=3.310, P=0.005, respectively). There was significant difference in stage T1, T2, T3 (P=0.005, P=0.001, P=0.004, respectively), and not in stage T4 (P=0.146) between the two groups. Conclusion: MR was more accurate than CT in delineating GTV of NPC, so, is more valuable in making radiotherapy plan.

18氟代脱氧葡萄糖PET/CT对活动性恶性肿瘤患者发生急性缺血性卒中预测作用研究

目的 探讨18氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-fluorodeoxyglucose,18F-FDG) PET/CT预测活动性恶性肿瘤(active cancer,AC)患者发生急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)的标志物指标。方法 回顾性纳入2021年1月—2022年5月于潍坊医学院第一附属医院行18F-FDG PET/CT检查的AC住院患者,根据其检查后1年内是否发生AIS分为AIS组和非AIS组,通过患者基本特征(性别、年龄、体重、恶性肿瘤部位、PET/CT检查前空腹血糖)进行1:1倾向评分匹配,分析两组患者的临床及18F-FDG PET/CT影像学资料差异。影像学资料主要有颈动脉(carotid artery,CA)、升主动脉和主动脉弓(ascending aorta and aortic arch,AA0-AOA)、降主动脉(descending aorta,DA0)、髂动脉和股动脉(iliac artery and femoral artery,IA-FA)、内脏脂肪组织(visceral adipose tissue,VAT)、皮下脂肪组织(subcutaneous adipose tissue,SAT)以及全肠道(total bowel,TB)的靶本底比(target to background ratio,TBR),VAT和SAT面积以及两者比值。对单因素logistic回归中P<0.1的变量采用逐步向后logistic回归筛选AC患者发生AIS的独立危险因素,应用ROC曲线评估独立危险因素联合模型对AIS的预测价值。结果共纳入88例患者,平均年龄(69.8±8.8)岁,男性占72.7%(64例),AIS组和非AIS组各44例。AIS组合并冠心病比例较非AIS组高,CA、AAO-AOA、DAO、IA-FA、VAT、SAT以及TB的TBR均较非AIS组增高,而VAT面积较AIS组低,差异均有统计学意义。多因素logistic回归显示,冠心病(OR 3.92,95%CI 1.11~13.87,P=0.034)、CA TBR≥1.80 (OR 2.90,95%CI 1.04~8.10,P=0.042)、DAO TBR≥2.30(OR 4.13,95%C/1.45~11.75,P=0.008)、TB TBR≥3.34 (OR 2.87,95%C/1.01~8.12,P=0.047)和VAT TBR≥0.44(OR 3.92,95%CI 1.39~11.09,P=0.010)是AC患者发生AIS的独立危险因素,联合上述5个指标绘制ROC的AUC为0.821(95%CI0.736~0.906,P<0.001),预测肿瘤患者发生AIS的敏感度为68.2%,特异度为81.8%。结论 有冠心病史,CA、DAO、VAT和TB的TBR增高是AC患者发生AIS的独立危险因素,上述5个指标联合对AC患者AIS的发生具有一定的预测价值。

^(18)F-FDG和^(18)F-FAPI PET/CT在腹盆腔恶性肿瘤治疗后可疑复发的诊断价值比较研究

目的:比较^(18)F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(flurodeoxyglucose,FDG)正电子发射体层成像(positron emission tomography,PET)/计算机体层成像(computed tomography,CT)和^(18)F-成纤维细胞活化蛋白抑制剂(fibroblast activation protein inhibitor,FAPI)PET/CT对腹盆腔恶性肿瘤治疗后临床怀疑复发/转移的诊断价值。方法:回顾并分析2021年9月—2024年2月就诊于中山大学肿瘤防治中心的腹盆腔恶性肿瘤治疗后临床怀疑肿瘤复发/转移患者的临床随访结果、病理学资料及^(18)F-FDG PET/CT、^(18)F-FAPI PET/CT显像结果,分别测量患者病灶最大标准摄取值(maximum standard uptake value,SUVmax)并计算肿瘤背景比值(tumor-to-background ratio,TBR),利用小提琴图及配对t检验统计分析两种显像剂的SUVmax及TBR,并计算各自的诊断效能。结果:64例(男性33例,女性31例)腹盆腔恶性肿瘤治疗后临床怀疑肿瘤复发/转移患者中52例被临床或病理学检查证实为转移。两种显像所示SUVmax差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),小提琴图中,^(18)F-FAPI PET/CT的SUVmax中位数高于^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像,并且分布较为集中;TBR差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001),^(18)F-FAPI PET/CT TBR高于^(18)F-FDG PET/CT。^(18)F-FDG PET/CT和^(18)F-FAPI PET/CT诊断转移的灵敏度分别为55.8%(29/52)和88.5%(46/52),特异度为83.3%(10/12)和58.3%(7/12),准确度为60.9%(39/64)和82.8%(53/64)。结论:对于腹盆腔恶性肿瘤治疗后临床怀疑复发/转移的患者,^(18)F-FAPI PET/CT是优于^(18)F-FDG PET/CT的成像方式,特别是腹膜转移,^(18)F-FAPI PET/CT可作为^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT显像阴性时的补充方法,为临床医师提供更多信息。

Imaging of the Extra-axial Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions Involving both Middle and Posterior Cranial Fossae: Classification and Diagnosis

Objective: To study the imaging features of extra-axial tumors and tumor-likelesions involving both middle and posterior cranial fossae and to make a classification. Methods:Sixty cases of pathologically confirmed extra-axil tumors and tumor-like lesions involving bothmiddle and posterior cranial fossae were analyzed. They were divided into central and lateral types,the latter of which were subdivided into three types: middle cranial fossae type, posterior cranialfossae type and the over-riding type. The constitution and imaging features of each type wereanalyzed. Results: There were 12 cases of central type, including chordoma (n=5), pituitary adenoma(n=3), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n=2), craniopharyn-gioma (n=1) and meningioma (n=l). 48 cases oflateral type including trigeminal nerve tumors (n=14), meningioma (n=12), epidermoid cyst (n=11),dural cavernous hemangioma (n=4), dermoid cyst (n=2), metastasis (n=2), hemangiopericytoma (n=1),paraganglioma of glonius jugular (n=1) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n=1). Each type of the lesionshad its own shape features, some of which were characteristic for some specific tumors. Most of thetumors and tumor-like lesions could be qualitatively diagnosed according to their imagingcharacteristics and the extent of the lesions could be defined definitely. Conclusion: It is helpfulto categorize extra-axial tumors and tumor-like lesions involving both middle and posterior cranialfossae according to their location for qualitative diagnosis and description of the extent of theselesions. It is of great clinical value in providing more precise and thorough imaging informationfor planning therapeutic methods and route of operation.