Imaging evaluation of traumatic thoracolumbar spine injuries: Radiological review

Spine fractures account for a large portion of musculoskeletal injuries worldwide. A classification of spine fractures is necessary in order to develop a common language for treatment indications and outcomes. Several classification systems have been developed based on injury anatomy or mechanisms of action, but they have demonstrated poor reliability, have yielded little prognostic information, and have not been widely used. For this reason, the Arbeitsgemeinschaftfür Osteosynthesefragen(AO) committee has classified thorocolumbar spine injuries based on the pathomorphological criteria into3 types(A: Compression; B: Distraction; C: Axial torque and rotational deformity). Each of these types is further divided into 3 groups and 3 subgroups reflecting progressive scale of morphological damage and the degree of instability. Because of its highly detailed sub classifications, the AO system has shown limited interobserver variability. It is similar to its predecessors in that it does not incorporate the patient's neurologic status.The need for a reliable, reproducible, clinically relevant, prognostic classification system with an optimal balance of ease of use and detail of injury description contributed to the development of a new classification system, the thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score(TLICS). The TLICS defines injury based on three clinical characteristics: injury morphology, integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex, and neurologic status of the patient. The severity score offers prognostic information and is helpful in decision making about surgical vs nonsurgical management.

Achievements and Problems of Reform of Investment Management System for Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone

The establishment of Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone provides many possibilities for China's economic construction. This paper made a comparative analysis on investment management system of Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone and traditional investment management system,discussed achievements and problems of reform of investment management system of Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone,and finally came up with pertinent policy recommendations.

Application and Research of Concept Design for Modern Enterprise

Facing with the ever changing effect of internation al and domestic environments, purely new questions, higher requirements, more chal lenges and opportunities, the conventional management pattern of enterprise seem s to be very limited. Concept design is a modern design method of sustainable de velopment strategy rather than a simple design of a certain level within an ente rprise. The digital virtual integration system, which is established on the basi s of concept design, focuses on the comprehensive balance of enterprise developm ent orientation, advanced technology of manufacturing industry and various scien ces, pours into an enterprise a rational, modern and foresight concept and provi des an enterprise with a scientific base to learn from the developed countries a nd regions in the light of its own actuality and characteristics with the final aim to make a perfect and correct decision.

Design and Realization of Information System for Ningxia Sci-tech Special Commissioners

The information system for Ningxia sci-tech special commissioners is an application system for realizing information collection,management and sharing in the entrepreneurial process of sci-tech special commissioners. This paper introduces overall design ideas,system functions,key technologies and realization methods of the information system for Ningxia sci-tech special commissioners. Completion of construction and coming into operation of the information system bring new breakthrough for information management and data statistics of sci-tech special commissioners.

FMUs-oriented Subcompartment Data Sharing Technology

This article takes a forestry company in Heyuan City of Guangdong Province for example,to research the FMUs(Forest Management Units)-oriented subcompartment data sharing technology,and realize the software platform based on Visual Basic development environment.The software platform can perform the normalization processing,cadastral number coding,data extraction,data updating and other pragmatic operations on subcompartment data,so as to achieve the subcompartment data sharing between forest management unit and Guangdong forest resources center.

Design and Research on the Chinese Medicine Health Management System Based on the Wireless Sensor Network

In view of the rapid growth of China's aging population and the rising demand for the medical services,it is more necessary to build a health management system of the traditional Chinese medicine based on the wireless sensor networks.This design combines the ZigBee technology,the city grid management and the virtual reality technology,to establish a real-time,accurate and fine health monitoring system,so as to comprehensively improve the efficiency,quality and level of people's health management.

On Wal-Mart's Failure in China

Wal-Mart, the world famous retailing giant, set its foot on the land of China 17 years ago. Now despite of its success elsewhere as well as its confidence and ambition to"conquer"the vast market China which shows great potential, Wal-Mart fails to reach its goal anyway. To be more exact, it is far from the goal. Considering its unexpected failure, this article mainly discusses why Wal-Mart has experienced such a hard time in China. The issue is analyzed from the following aspects, namely cultural dif ference, distribution, management and public relationship.

Influences of Planning Policies on Community Shaping in China: From Past to Present

In China, as in other countries of the world, communities, which are often considered as self-governing social organizations, are shaped and influenced by many factors. Different from other studies, this paper approaches the issue of community shaping from a planning perspective and tries to answer the questions of how Chinese communities have been physically shaped throughout history and what influences the planning policies have on communities’ scales, forms, and functions. Hereby, the planning policies concern not only the spatial organization, but also the social management of communities. The research is elaborated chronologically, dividing the history of community development in China roughly into four periods according to socio-economic development trends, planning objectives, and community characters. The narration is mainly based on literature work and case studies, with a focus on the social and spatial characters of urban communities. The paper concludes that before the modernization of China, Chinese communities were mainly shaped into a gated Li-Fang pattern by traditional city building principles, in accordance with the regulations on social management, in spite of the terminological changes in different dynasties and the opening of gated communities during certain dynasties. In the thirty years of the planned economy, Chinese communities were mainly shaped into inward Danwei(or work unit) communities of perimeter blocks by the urban planning institution, which was regarded as a technical tool of the planned socio-economic development to support national industrialization. In the next thirty years of economic transition, Chinese communities were further shaped into gated commodity housing communities of super blocks under the influence of reforms and the guidance of urban planning regulations. In the period of new urbanization, Chinese communities face the challenge of transforming towards a dense grid, with narrow streets and small blocks, and promoting public engagement in community building, in view of the requirements for quality-oriented development.

Validation of diagnostic algorithms for syndromic management of sexually transmitted diseases

s To validate our revised syndromic algorithms of the management of sexually trans mitted diseases and determine their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictiv e value and cost effectiveness Methods Patients with either urethral discharge, vaginal discharge or genital ulcer, wer e selected during their first visits to three urban sexually transmitted disease clinics in Fujian Province, China They were managed syndromically according t o our revised flowcharts The etiology of the syndromes was detected by laborat ory testing The data were analyzed using EPI INFO V6 0 software Results A total of 736 patients were enrolled into the study In male patients with ur ethral discharge, the sensitivities for gonococcal and chlamydial infections wer e 96 7% and 100%, respectively, using the syndromic approach The total positi ve predictive value was 73% In female patients with vaginal discharge, the sen sitivity was 90 8%, specificity 46 9%, positive predictive value 50 9%, and n egative predictive value 89 3% for the diagnosis of gonorrhea and/or chlamydial infection by syndromic approach In patients with genital ulcer, the sensitivi ties were 78 3% and 75 8%, specificities of 83 6% and 42 9%, and positive pr edictive values of 60 0% and 41 0% for the diagnosis of syphilis and genital h erpes, respectively, using the syndromic approach Cost effectiveness analysi s indicated that the average cost of treatment for a patient with urethral disch arge was RMB 46 03 yuan using syndromic management, in comparison with RMB 149 19 yuan by etiological management Conclusions The syndromic management of urethral discharge was relatively effective and suit ed clinical application The specificity and positive predictive value for sy ndromic management of vaginal discharge are not satisfactory The revised flowc hart of genital ulcer syndrome could be suitable for use in clinical settings Further validation and revision are needed for syndromic approaches of vaginal d ischarge and genital ulcer