The highway engineering process is complex,coupled with a relatively long construction period,hence requires increased coordination between participating units to prevent economic disputes and efficiency losses.The ma...The highway engineering process is complex,coupled with a relatively long construction period,hence requires increased coordination between participating units to prevent economic disputes and efficiency losses.The main body of the construction project needs to strengthen the management and control of funds.In this regard,this paper analyzes the importance of cost management in highway projects by clarifying and analyzing the current cost management status quo problems and causes.The highway engineering cost control strategy and implementation methods are summarized to provide references for improving the quality of highway engineering.展开更多
Background Diabetes has become one of the most common chronic diseases and the third leading cause of death in China. Many programs have been initiated at national and local levels to address the illness. However, the...Background Diabetes has become one of the most common chronic diseases and the third leading cause of death in China. Many programs have been initiated at national and local levels to address the illness. However, the effect of these programs in daily outpatient clinics is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the management status of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） and factors associated with it in diabetes clinics of tertiary hospitals in Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in six tertiary hospitals in Beijing. Control criteria were defined based on 2007 China guideline for type 2 diabetes （CGT2D）. Results A sample of 1151 patients, age （60.8±9.2） years, and with a median disease duration of 7.3 years was included. The hemoglobin Alc （HbAlc） mean level was （7.15±1.50）%, the percentage of patients achieving the targets for HbAlc was 37.8%, blood pressure 65.6%, triglyceride （TG） 48.8%, high-density lipoprotein （HDL） 59.2%, low-density lipoprotein （LDL） 34.0%, and total cholesterol （TC） 42.0%. The factors independently associated with glycemic control were diabetes duration （odds ratio （OR） = 0.95; 95% confidence interval （CI）： 0.919-0.982, P 〈0.01）, body mass index （BMI） （OR=0.914, 95% CI： 0.854-0.979, P=0.01） and smoking （OR=0.391, 95% Ch 0.197-0.778, P〈0.01）. The factors independently associated with blood pressure control were BMI （OR=0.915, 95% Ch 0.872-0.960, P 〈0.01） and male gender （OR=0.624, 95% CI： 0.457-0.852, P 〈0.01）. The factor independently associated with LDL control was education level （OR=1.429, 95% Ch 1.078-1.896, P=0.013）. Conclusions The management status of T2DM patients in tertiary hospitals in Beijing has improved remarkably. However, there is still room for further improvement to reach the guideline target. Long diabetes duration, high BMI, smoking, male gender and low education level were independently associated with poor metabolic control.展开更多
Intensive care unit(ICU)needs professional nursing staff with high professionalism to ensure the quality of nursing work and ensure patient's safety.However,low-age nurses play an important role in the ICU care te...Intensive care unit(ICU)needs professional nursing staff with high professionalism to ensure the quality of nursing work and ensure patient's safety.However,low-age nurses play an important role in the ICU care team.In this study the authors reviewed the relevant literature,summarized the basic characteristics and training methods of ICU low-grade nurses,and analyzed the insecure factors and management strategies of ICU low-grade nurses.展开更多
The management of College Students’ status is a professional policy work. The point of regulating college students’learningbehavior is registration management. According to the analysis on the issue of popular educa...The management of College Students’ status is a professional policy work. The point of regulating college students’learningbehavior is registration management. According to the analysis on the issue of popular education stage of college registration management,it’s important to reinforce the registration management of affi liated college and put forward work ideas, formulate detailed measures. Thatcan regulate and optimize students’ learning behavior and promote school spirit, teaching style, study style, improve the effectiveness of theeducation of students.展开更多
文摘The highway engineering process is complex,coupled with a relatively long construction period,hence requires increased coordination between participating units to prevent economic disputes and efficiency losses.The main body of the construction project needs to strengthen the management and control of funds.In this regard,this paper analyzes the importance of cost management in highway projects by clarifying and analyzing the current cost management status quo problems and causes.The highway engineering cost control strategy and implementation methods are summarized to provide references for improving the quality of highway engineering.
文摘Background Diabetes has become one of the most common chronic diseases and the third leading cause of death in China. Many programs have been initiated at national and local levels to address the illness. However, the effect of these programs in daily outpatient clinics is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the management status of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） and factors associated with it in diabetes clinics of tertiary hospitals in Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in six tertiary hospitals in Beijing. Control criteria were defined based on 2007 China guideline for type 2 diabetes （CGT2D）. Results A sample of 1151 patients, age （60.8±9.2） years, and with a median disease duration of 7.3 years was included. The hemoglobin Alc （HbAlc） mean level was （7.15±1.50）%, the percentage of patients achieving the targets for HbAlc was 37.8%, blood pressure 65.6%, triglyceride （TG） 48.8%, high-density lipoprotein （HDL） 59.2%, low-density lipoprotein （LDL） 34.0%, and total cholesterol （TC） 42.0%. The factors independently associated with glycemic control were diabetes duration （odds ratio （OR） = 0.95; 95% confidence interval （CI）： 0.919-0.982, P 〈0.01）, body mass index （BMI） （OR=0.914, 95% CI： 0.854-0.979, P=0.01） and smoking （OR=0.391, 95% Ch 0.197-0.778, P〈0.01）. The factors independently associated with blood pressure control were BMI （OR=0.915, 95% Ch 0.872-0.960, P 〈0.01） and male gender （OR=0.624, 95% CI： 0.457-0.852, P 〈0.01）. The factor independently associated with LDL control was education level （OR=1.429, 95% Ch 1.078-1.896, P=0.013）. Conclusions The management status of T2DM patients in tertiary hospitals in Beijing has improved remarkably. However, there is still room for further improvement to reach the guideline target. Long diabetes duration, high BMI, smoking, male gender and low education level were independently associated with poor metabolic control.
文摘Intensive care unit(ICU)needs professional nursing staff with high professionalism to ensure the quality of nursing work and ensure patient's safety.However,low-age nurses play an important role in the ICU care team.In this study the authors reviewed the relevant literature,summarized the basic characteristics and training methods of ICU low-grade nurses,and analyzed the insecure factors and management strategies of ICU low-grade nurses.
文摘The management of College Students’ status is a professional policy work. The point of regulating college students’learningbehavior is registration management. According to the analysis on the issue of popular education stage of college registration management,it’s important to reinforce the registration management of affi liated college and put forward work ideas, formulate detailed measures. Thatcan regulate and optimize students’ learning behavior and promote school spirit, teaching style, study style, improve the effectiveness of theeducation of students.
