Critical review and functional safety of a battery management system for large‑scale lithium‑ion battery pack technologies

The battery management system(BMS)is the main safeguard of a battery system for electric propulsion and machine electrifcation.It is tasked to ensure reliable and safe operation of battery cells connected to provide high currents at high voltage levels.In addition to efectively monitoring all the electrical parameters of a battery pack system,such as the voltage,current,and temperature,the BMS is also used to improve the battery performance with proper safety measures within the system.With growing acceptance of lithium-ion batteries,major industry sectors such as the automotive,renewable energy,manufacturing,construction,and even some in the mining industry have brought forward the mass transition from fossil fuel dependency to electric powered machinery and redefned the world of energy storage.Hence,the functional safety considerations,which are those relating to automatic protection,in battery management for battery pack technologies are particularly important to ensure that the overall electrical system,regardless of whether it is for electric transportation or stationary energy storage,is in accordance with high standards of safety,reliability,and quality.If the system or product fails to meet functional and other safety requirements on account of faulty design or a sequence of failure events,then the environment,people,and property could be endangered.This paper analyzed the details of BMS for electric transportation and large-scale energy storage systems,particularly in areas concerned with hazardous environment.The analysis covers the aspect of functional safety that applies to BMS and is in accordance with the relevant industrial standards.A comprehensive evaluation of the components,architecture,risk reduction techniques,and failure mode analysis applicable to BMS operation was also presented.The article further provided recommendations on safety design and performance optimization in relation to the overall BMS integration.

Animal Hospital Management System Design Based on C/S/S Structure

By analysis of the functions of animal hospital＇s departments, combining with management information development truth, the paper developed animal hospital management system. The system included six modules, like system management module basic information management module, sections management module, and so on. The paper used Visual C＋＋6.0 and SQL Server 2000, and ODBC database accessing technology, which can encapsulate any database table and operation into class. The system could make any window to share table＇s operation to realize hospital management quickly and efficiency.

A comparative analysis of academic dissertation management systems in China

The paper is to do a comparative evaluation on the four major digital theses and dissertations management systems used in the China's Mainland, which are TRS, TPI,TASi and IDL-ETD. The evaluation analysis is primarily based on the systematic tests on these systems conducted by DUT(Dalian University of Technology) Library. Special focuses are on the distinctive features of each system such as their performance in terms of stability, reliability, openness, capacity of backdating, copyright protection, service monitoring, document conversion and release automation, log management, statistical tabulations, vendor's technical support and so on. In addition, authors provide a statistics on the choice of academic dissertation system of most 985a)colleges and universities in China.

Development of Trees Management System Using Radial Basis Function Neural Network for Rain Forecast

Agriculture and farming are mainly dependent on weather especially in Malaysia as it received heavy rainfall throughout the years. An efficient crop or tree management system with a weather forecast needed for suitable planning of farming operation. Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) algorithm was used in this study to predict rainfall and the main focus of this study is to analyze the factor that affects the performance of neural model. This study found that the model works better the more hidden nodes and the optimum learning rate is 0.01 with the RMSE 49% and the percentage accuracy is 57%. Besides that, it is found that the meteorology data also affect the model performance. Future research can be conducted to improve the rainfall forecast of this study and improve the tree management system.

Evolution of Air Traffic Management Concept of Operations and Its Impact on the System Architecture

The air traffic management system(ATM)has the task of ensuring safe,orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic.The ATM system architecture is very much dependent on the concept of operations(ConOps).Over the years the evolution in ConOps has resulted in changes in the ATM′s physical architecture,improving its physical infrastructure,increasing the levels of automation and making operational changes to improve air traffic flow,to cope with increasing demand for air travel.However,what is less clear is the impact of such changes in ConOps on the ATM′s functional architecture.This is vital for ensuring optimality in the implementation of the physical architecture components to support the ATM functions.This paper reviews the changes in the ConOps over the years,proposes a temporally invariant ATM functional model,and discusses some of the main key technologies expected to make significant improvements to the ATM system.

Management of functional dyspepsia: Unsolved problems and new perspectives

The common characteristic criteria of all functional gastrointestinal(GI)disorders are the persistence and recurrence of variable gastrointestinal symptoms that cannot be explained by any structural or biochemical abnormalities. Functional dyspepsia (FD) represents one of the important GI disorders in Western countries because of its remarkably high prevalence in general population and its impact on quality of life. Due to its dependence on both subjective determinants and diverse country-specific circumstances, the definition and management strategies of FD are still variably stated.Clinical trials with several drug classes (e.g., proton pump inhibitors, H2-blockers, prokinetic drugs) have been performed frequently without validated diseasespecific test instruments for the outcome measurements.Therefore, the interpretation of such trials remains difficult and controversial with respect to comparability and evaluation of drug efficacy, and definite conclusions can be drawn neither for diagnostic management nor for efficacious drug therapy so far. In view of these unsolved problems, guidelines both on the clinical management of FD and on the performance of clinical trials are needed. In recent years, increasing research work has been done in this area. Clinical trials conducted in adequately diagnosed patients that provided validated outcome measurements may result in better insights leading to more effective treatment strategies.Encouraging perspectives have been recently performed by methodologically well-designed treatment studies with herbal drug preparations. Herbal drugs, given their proven efficacy in clinical trials, offer a safe therapeutic alternative in the treatment of FD which is often favored by both patients and physicians. A fixed combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil in patients suffering from FD could be proven effective by well-designed clinical trials.

Morphological integration and functional modularity in the crocodilian skull

We explored the morphological organization of the skull within Crocodylidae,analyzing functional and phy­logenetic interactions between its 2 constituent functional modules:the rostrum and the postrostrum.We used geometric morphometrics to identify localized shape changes,focusing on the differences between the major clades of the crown-group Crocodylia:Alligatoridae and Crocodylidae.We used published bite performance data to correlate rostral function with postrostral morphology.The skull modules appear more integrated with­in Alligatoridae than within Crocodyliade.Phylogenetic effects on shape variation are more evident in Alligato­ridae than in Crocodylidae,where functional parameters concerning the rostral morphology are proportionally more important than phylogeny.Long-snouted species are characterized by low structural performance,which is significantly associated with a reduction of the pterygoid-quadrate cranial nipper,suggesting that the nipper is important for the ingestion of large food items in generalist species.This functional association is coupled with a significant evolutionary allometry at the clade level,while Alligatoridae and Crocodylidae show different de­grees of evolutionary allometry for their entire shape and rostrum.The postrostrum is more conservative than the rostrum in terms of morphospace occupation,evolutionary allometry and phylogenetic signal.

Methodology of Fashion Merchandising by Modularization Operation Management

Based on the requirements of applying information technology to reform the traditional fashion industry,the method of fashion merchandising management in some medium-sized enterprises is discussed. By analyzing the actual domestic fashion industry environment, ideal model that could quickly respond to the market's changes is proposed which includes naming brand, target-market position, circumstances analysis and popularity anticipation, brand concept and style setting, fashion design, fashion category component, and sale strategy.

Information System Functions for SmartGrid Management

The violently penetration of renewables in power supply network leads to situations, by which the offer exceeds the demand. Therefore, it is necessary to include a system for processes＇ management. SmartGrid is a platform over the power supply network. It is represented with its network and services, which also have to be managed. The paper aims to show the second stage of SmartGrid management modeling. It meets heterogeneous requirements of the actors--subscriber without photovoltaics, subscriber with photovoltaics, service provider, network operator, and network elements operator--to service and network management and is oriented to functional areas, covering the life cycle of power supply service： Design, Planning, Installation, Provision, Configuration, Maintenance, Performance, Accounting, Buying Up, Security and Subscriber Control. Functional models for existing networks--telecommunications--are used and they are adapted to power supply. The results are illustrated with three functional areas for service management： Accounting, Buying Up, and Performance. The synthesis of network management functions and network element management functions are similar.

Which type of forest management provides most ecosystem services？

Background： Forest ecosystems are increasingly seen as multi-functional production systems, which should provide, besides timber and economic benefits, also other ecosystem services related to biological diversity, recreational uses and environmental functions of forests. This study analyzed the performance of even-aged rotation forest management （RFM）, continuous cover forestry （CCF） and any-aged forestry （AAF） in the production of ecosystem services. AAF allows both even-aged and uneven-aged management schedules. The ecosystem services included in the analyses were net present value, volume of harvested timber, cowberry and bilberry yields, scenic value of the forest, carbon balance and suitability of the forest to Siberian jay. Methods： Data envelopment analysis was used to derive numerical efficiency ratios for the three management systems. Efficiency ratio is the sum of weighted outputs （ecosystem services） divided by the sum of weighted inputs. The linear programing model proposed by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes was used to derive the weights for calculating efficiency scores for the silvicultural systems. Results and conclusions： CCF provided more ecosystem services than RFM, and CCF was more efficient than RFM and AAF in the production of ecosystem services. Multi-objective management provided more ecosystem services （except harvested timber） than single-objective management that maximized economic profitability. The use of low discount rate （resulting in low cutting level and high growing stock volume） led to better supply of most ecosystems services than the use of high discount rate. RFM where NPV was maximized with high discount rate led to particularly poor provision of most ecosystem services. In CCF the provision of ecosystem services was less sensitive to changes in discount rate and management objective than in RFM.

Security Monitoring and Management for the Network Services in the Orchestration of SDN-NFV Environment Using Machine Learning Techniques

Software Defined Network(SDN)and Network Function Virtualization(NFV)technology promote several benefits to network operators,including reduced maintenance costs,increased network operational performance,simplified network lifecycle,and policies management.Network vulnerabilities try to modify services provided by Network Function Virtualization MANagement and Orchestration(NFV MANO),and malicious attacks in different scenarios disrupt the NFV Orchestrator(NFVO)and Virtualized Infrastructure Manager(VIM)lifecycle management related to network services or individual Virtualized Network Function(VNF).This paper proposes an anomaly detection mechanism that monitors threats in NFV MANO and manages promptly and adaptively to implement and handle security functions in order to enhance the quality of experience for end users.An anomaly detector investigates these identified risks and provides secure network services.It enables virtual network security functions and identifies anomalies in Kubernetes(a cloud-based platform).For training and testing purpose of the proposed approach,an intrusion-containing dataset is used that hold multiple malicious activities like a Smurf,Neptune,Teardrop,Pod,Land,IPsweep,etc.,categorized as Probing(Prob),Denial of Service(DoS),User to Root(U2R),and Remote to User(R2L)attacks.An anomaly detector is anticipated with the capabilities of a Machine Learning(ML)technique,making use of supervised learning techniques like Logistic Regression(LR),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Random Forest(RF),Naïve Bayes(NB),and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost).The proposed framework has been evaluated by deploying the identified ML algorithm on a Jupyter notebook in Kubeflow to simulate Kubernetes for validation purposes.RF classifier has shown better outcomes(99.90%accuracy)than other classifiers in detecting anomalies/intrusions in the containerized environment.

The Effect of Case Management Model on the Application of Pancreatic Cancer Surgery Patients and the Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function

Objective:To evaluate the effect of the case management model on patients operated for pancreatic cancer.Methods:90 pancreatic cancer surgery patients admitted to the hospital between January 2022 and June 2023 were selected and grouped by randomized numerical table.For 45 cases in the observation group,case management mode was adopted,and for 45 cases in the intervention group,conventional nursing care was chosen to compare the indexes of gastrointestinal function recovery.Results:The recovery time of all gastrointestinal functions of the observation group was shorter than that of the intervention group;after nursing,the psychological state score of the observation group was lower than that of the intervention group,the self-efficacy score was higher than that of the intervention group and the rate of complications was lower than that of the intervention group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The case management model can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients with pancreatic cancer surgery and its nursing feasibility is high.

Fuzzy Words Distribution in Management Science Research Articles

By using ZHANG Qiao＇s method for identifying fuzzy words （1998）, the present paper makes a statistic analysis of fuzzy words appearing in about 43,000 words of 6 academic research articles in management science. A distribution curve of fuzzy words in management research articles is drawn in accordance with the structures of the articles, and it is proved to be reasonable for tile discourse function of each section. Furthermore, the fuzzy words are divided into three categories and eleven sub-categories, including Category Ⅰ-fuzzy words, Category Ⅱ-fuzzy words＋non-fuzzy part / non-fuzzy part＋fuzzy words, Category Ⅲ-approximators＋fuzzy words. Distribution of fuzzy words varies in different sections of research articles in management science, because of different communicative purposes or discourse functions. Introduction section and Conclusion section have a higher occurrence rate of fuzzy words than Abstract section and Methodology and Data section.

Development of quality function development matrix to measure the quality management performance of contractor

Quality function development (QFD) matrix was introduced as a tool to measure the quality management performance of contractors. Engineering quality, quality management system components, and their relationship were defined. An integrated engineering quality system was decomposed into seven factors and the quality management system was composed of eight factors. Importance weights of all factors and their relationship point were acquired by questionnaires and interviews. Then, QFD matrix was formulated and the calculating process was proposed. This model was verified on a case study. The result shows that it is useful for contractor in benchmarking themselves and invaluable for owners in the process of deciding contractor.

Reduced Switching-Frequency State of Charge Balancing Strategy for Battery Integrated Modular Multilevel Converter

A modular multilevel converter(MMC)integrated with split battery cells(BIMMCs)is proposed for the battery management system(BMS)and motor drive system.In order to reduce the switching losses,the state of charge(SOC)balancing strategy with a reduced switching-frequency(RSF)is proposed in this paper.The proposed RSF algorithm not only reduces the switching losses,but also features good balancing performance both in the unbalanced and balanced initial states.The results are verified by extensive simulations in MATLAB/Simulink surroundings.

Safety Management of Non-urban Roads in Israel： An Application of Empirical Bayes Evaluation

A safety management system was established to provide for continuously improved safety levels of the non-urban roads in Israel. One of the main functions of the system lies in the identification and treatment of HL （hazardous locations） on existing roads. In line with the state-of-the art in road safety, the HL identification is based on an empirical Bayes evaluation, where an HL is recognized using a high positive difference between the number of accidents expected at the site and that predicted for similar sites. The latter is estimated using safety performance functions that were developed for local conditions, including single- and dual-carriageway road sections, and various types of intersections： signalized/non-signalized, three- and four-legged. The procedure of HL identification is applied annually, serving as a basis for the working programs on road infrastructure improvements. Positive safety effects of such improvements were recently reported in the country. These activities comply with the Road Infrastructure Safety Directive that was recently introduced in the European Union.

A new group key management scheme based on keys tree, XOR operation and one-way function

By introducing XOR operation and one-way function chains to group key management schemes based on the keys tree, a new group key management scheme based on the keys tree, XOR operation and one-way function chains is proposed. Initialization, member adding and member evicting operations are introduced. The new scheme is compared with three other group key management schemes which are based on the keys tree： SKDC, LKH, and OFF. As far as transmission, computation and storage costs are concerned, the performance of the new group key management scheme is the best. The security problem of the new scheme is analyzed. This new scheme provides backward and forward security, i.e.. newly admitted group members cannot read previous multicast messages and evicted members cannot read future multicast messages, even with collusion by many arbitrarily evicted members.

Effects of WeChat platform-based health management on health and self-management effectiveness of patients with severe chronic heart failure

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have found that the prevalence of chronic heart failure in China is 0.9%,the number of people affected is more than 4 million,and the 5-year survival rate is even lower than that of malignant tumors.AIM To determine the impact of WeChat platform-based health management on severe chronic heart failure patients’health and self-management efficacy.METHODS A total of 120 patients suffering from chronic heart failure with cardiac function grade III-IV,under the classification of the New York Heart Association,were admitted to our hospital in May 2017.In January 2020,they were divided into two groups:A control group(with routine nursing intervention)and an observation group(with WeChat platform-based health management intervention).Changes in cardiac function,6-min walking distance(6MWD),high-sensitivity cardiac troponin(hs-cTnT),and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)were detected in both groups.The Self-Care Ability Scale(ESCA)score,Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score,and compliance score were used to evaluate self-management ability,quality of life,and compliance of the two groups.During a follow-up period of 12 mo,the occurrence of cardiovascular adverse events in both the groups was counted.RESULTS The left ventricular ejection fraction,stroke output,and 6MWD increased,and the hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP decreased in both the groups,as compared to those before the intervention.Further,cardiac function during the 6MWD,hs-cTnT,and NT-proBNP improved significantly in the observation group after intervention(P<0.05).The scores of self-care responsibility,self-concept,self-care skills,and selfcare health knowledge in the observation group were higher than those of the control group before intervention,and their ESCA scores were significantly improved after intervention(P<0.05).The Minnesota heart failure quality of life(LiHFe)scores of physical restriction,disease symptoms,psychological emotion,social relations,and other items were decreased compared to those of the control group before intervention,and the LiHFe scores of the observation group were significantly improved compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).With intervention,the compliance scores of rational diet,regular medication,healthy behavior,and timely reexamination were increased,thereby leading to the compliance scores of the observation group being significantly improved compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).During the 12 mo follow-up,the incidence rates of acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic rehospitalization in the observation group were lower than those of the control group,and the hospitalization time in the observation group was shorter than that of the control group,but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION WeChat platform-based health management can improve the self-care ability and compliance of patients with severe chronic heart failure,improve the cardiac function and related indexes,reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular adverse events,and enable the avoidance of rehospitalization.

Cutting technic for Pinus elliottii plantation of the multi-benefit management pattern

The cutting technic for thePinus elliottii plantation of the multi-benefit management pattern in the hilly region of Jiangxi Province was studied by establishing the model of growth progress according to Richards function and simulating the tending cutting on computer by use of dynamic programming. The results showed that the best time for the initial thinning was at tree age of 8–10 and final cutting was at tree age of 25. The optimal thinning project was 3 times of thinning cutting including the first thinning, and the thinning time was at tree ages of 8, 12 and 16, respectively. Their thinning intensities were separately 950, 700 and 300 trunks per hectare, and the preserved density was 550 trunks per hectare until the final cutting Keywords Pinus elliottir - Multi-benefit management pattern - Richards function - Cutting technic - Dynamic programming CLC number S757.4 Document code A Foundation item: This study was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (A grant 0330023)Biography: WANG Qing-chun (1970-), male, Ph. Doctor, Senior Engineer in Academy of Forest Inventory & Planning, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330046, P.R. China.Responsible editor: Song Funan

Subtypes of functional dyspepsia

Functional dyspepsia is a common clinical condition characterised by chronic or recurrent upper abdominal pain or discomfort commonly associated with a variety of associated gastrointestinal symptoms and a normal endoscopy. To standardise research-based approaches, an initial categorisation of into sub groups was agreed to, based on clusters of symptoms. However the early expectation that these subgroups would be associated with distinct pathophysiologies amenable to specific therapy has not been realised. A classification based on the most troublesome symptom has been suggested but the utility of this is also unclear. More recent data suggest that some of the pathophysiologic dysfunctions may be associated with specific symptoms and so provide a better tool for grouping patients. But this approach remains incomplete as current insights into the pathogenesis are still too limited for this to be satisfactory. In conclusion, no classification provides for an adequate treatment-based approach to the syndrome of functional dyspepsia. As a consequence treatment remains largely empiric.