A Comparative Study on Two English Versions of "Cai Wei" From the Perspective of Lefevere's Manipulation Theory

"Cai Wei",an ancient Chinese poem from a poetry collection called Shi Jing,has been translated into English by many people,while those English versiom differ.According to Andre Lefevere's Manipulation Theory,the three main factors that manipulate translation are patronage,ideology,arid poetics.This translation theory can be well applied in the analysis and appreciation of English versions of"Cai Wei".The factors that manipulate the two versiom,respectively translated by Xu Yuanchong and Ezra Pound,can be located through detailed analyses and comparison between the chosen versions from the perspective of the Manipulation Theory.More specifically,it is Xu's readers,personal experiences,traditional Chinese philosophy and ideology,as well as the theories of the former Chinese translators that constitute the major manipulating factors that influenced his Chinese-oriented translation;for Pound,his English-oriented translation was affected by his avantgarde readers,Ernest Fenollosa and imagism.

Translation Analysis of American News Coverage Towards China in 2020 American Presidential Election Based on the Manipulation Theory

The ideological and cultural impact is prominent in Chinese news translation,since most of the news translators are sponsored by the authority.By analyzing the Chinese to English news translation based on the manipulation theory proposed by AndréLefevere,the present study aims at illustrating the textual manipulation in translation,so as to conclude the general principles for the practice of Chinese news translators.The manipulation theory denotes a translation theory that attaches importance to the ideology and socio-cultural background of target text audience.It includes three aspects-ideology,patronage,and poetics-and can be adapted into the analysis of news translation,which is particularly influenced by the first two aspects.Thus,the manipulation theory can be viewed as an appropriate tool for analyzing news translation that is bounded by certain interest groups,and may further shed light on some proper methods for news translation in a certain social background.Based on the close analysis of three news article during 2020 American presidential election and their Chinese translation,the study found that the translators would use translation techniques such as omission and alteration to“rewrite”the original text,thus conforming to the ultimate purposes of political news circulation in China-conveying positive image and showcase national identity.

The kinetics of force-dependent hybridization and strand-peeling of short DNA fragments

Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) carries the genetic information in all living organisms. It consists of two interwound single-stranded(ss) strands, forming a double-stranded(ds) DNA with a right-handed double-helical conformation. The two strands are held together by highly specific basepairing interactions and are further stabilized by stacking between adjacent basepairs. A transition from a dsDNA to two separated ssDNA is called melting and the reverse transition is called hybridization. Applying a tensile force to a dsDNA can result in a particular type of DNA melting, during which one ssDNA strand is peeled away from the other. In this work, we studied the kinetics of strand-peeling and hybridization of short DNA under tensile forces. Our results show that the force-dependent strand-peeling and hybridization can be described with a simple two-state model. Importantly, detailed analysis of the force-dependent transition rates revealed that the transition state consists of several basepairs dsDNA.