HYPERSTATIC STRUCTURE MAPPING MODEL BUILDING AND OPTIMIZING DESIGN

Hyperstatic structure plane model being built by structural mechanics is studied. Space model precisely reflected in real stress of the structure is built by finite element method （FEM） analysis commerce software. Mapping model of complex structure system is set up, with convenient calculation just as in plane model and comprehensive information as in space model. Plane model and space model are calculated under the same working condition. Plane model modular construction inner force is considered as input data; Space model modular construction inner force is considered as output data. Thus specimen is built on input data and output dam. Character and affiliation are extracted through training specimen, with the employment of nonlinear mapping capability of the artificial neural network. Mapping model with interpolation and extrpolation is gained, laying the foundation for optimum design. The steel structure of high-layer parking system （SSHLPS） is calculated as an instance. A three-layer back-propagation （BP） net including one hidden layer is constructed with nine input nodes and eight output nodes for a five-layer SSHLPS. The three-layer structure optimization result through the mapping model interpolation contrasts with integrity re-analysis, and seven layers structure through the mapping model extrpulation contrasts with integrity re-analysis. Any layer SSHLPS among 1-8 can be calculated with much accuracy. Amount of calculation can also be reduced if it is appfied into the same topological structure, with reduced distortion and assured precision.

设计研究发展与热点分析——以Design Studies期刊于2007—2021年发表的论文为例

为更好地了解设计研究领域的发展趋势,掌握设计研究过程的前沿热点,以Web of Science数据库收录的核心期刊Design Studies于2007—2021年发表的论文为例,利用文献计量法和VOSviewer可视化工具对发文国家、文献共被引、研究机构、高产作者、高频关键词等方面进行分析。结果表明:设计研究领域发展脉络清晰,英国、美国占据主导地位。近年来的研究热点聚焦于设计实践方法、设计交互理念、设计成果评估与设计解决方案创新等方面;而设计方法开发、设计灵感来源及未来服务设计等主题已成为该领域的研究前沿。结合当前国内设计研究领域发展现状,中国学者需适当兼顾国际期刊发表规律,积极促进与设计过程相关的理论开发与应用,在该领域发出更多“中国声音”。

CONSTRUCTION METHOD OF KNOWLEDGE MAP BASED ON DESIGN PROCESS

Due to the increasing amount and complexity of knowledge in product design, the know-ledge map based on design process is presented as a tool to reuse product design process, promote the product design knowledge sharing. The relationship between design task flow and knowledge flow is discussed; A knowledge organizing method based on design task decomposition and a visualization method to support the knowledge retrieving and sharing in product design are proposed. And a knowledge map system to manage the knowledge in product design process is built with Visual C＋＋ and SVG. Finally, a brief case study is provided to illustrate the construction and application of knowledge map in fuel pump design.

Design Process Optimization Based on Design Process Gene Mapping

The idea of genetic engineering is introduced into the area of product design to improve the design efficiency. A method towards design process optimization based on the design process gene is proposed through analyzing the correlation between the design process gene and characteristics of the design process. The concept of the design process gene is analyzed and categorized into five categories that are the task specification gene, the concept design gene, the overall design gene, the detailed design gene and the processing design gene in the light of five design phases. The elements and their interactions involved in each kind of design process gene signprocess gene mapping is drawn with its structure disclosed based on its function that process gene.

Multidimensional Design Paradigms for Data Warehouses: A Systematic Mapping Study

Data warehouses (DW) must integrate information from the different areas and sources of an organization in order to extract knowledge relevant to decision-making. The DW development is not an easy task, which is why various design approaches have been put forward. These approaches can be classified in three different paradigms according to the origin of the information requirements: supply-driven, demand-driven, and hybrids of these. This article compares the methodologies for the multidimensional design of DW through a systematic mapping as research methodology. The study is presented for each paradigm, the main characteristics of the methodologies, their notations and problem areas exhibited in each one of them. The results indicate that there is no follow-up to the complete process of implementing a DW in either an academic or industrial environment;however, there is also no evidence that the attempt is made to address the design and development of a DW by applying and comparing different methodologies existing in the field.

广州地下市政基础设施一张图可视化表达浅析

为了解决广州市地下市政基础设施要素与地图表达规范割裂产生的一系列地图可视化表达问题,通过对新增的地下市政基础设施要素进行符号设计,并针对各类要素的附属设施进行细化和可视化表达研究,建立统一制图标准体系,从设计思路、设计内容和实践验证3方面提出了地下市政基础设施一张图图式表示方法。通过实验区测试,制定了地下市政基础设施一张图表达标准和规范,达到同时满足纸质出图和不同尺度电子地图表达效果,对地下市政基础设施绘图自动化、数字化、智能化发展起到借鉴和指引作用。

Autonomous Vehicle Design in Lean Product Development Processes for Value Stream Map

The global automotive industry is giving a difficult and common test in order to create advanced life models in the near future plans or scenarios that include current autonomous vehicle technologies. Therefore, the main purpose of the research is to comparatively evaluate the impact of autonomous vehicle technologies, which are newly included in the automotive manufacturing industry under sustainable competition, on lean product development processes, value acquisition and preservation, in different organizational structures in the approach. Although mergers or brand acquisitions in the global automotive industry create joint R & D (Research Development) or joint new P & D (Product Development) process structures for the development of autonomous vehicle technologies, heavy competition continues in the market. These new processes create different needs for the merger and partnership of the renewed traffic infrastructures under national and international regulations, and for the implementation of the new autonomous life model. Firm and brand marriages, mergers or acquisitions in today’s automotive industry have ensured the high diffusion of lean product development processes under the stream of value creation or preservation carried out specific to the company under competition. Brand mergers in automotive industry companies struggling to survive under high competition create new work disciplines, professions, and engineering flow steps in lean product development processes. However, lean product development processes driven by technological innovation under simplification have resulted in the integration of parts and systems within the autonomous vehicle design structure, as well as creating new interdisciplinary value streams or different stakeholders. Therefore, the research revealed the significant effects of lean product development processes on the value stream in the automotive industry, on the mixed and lean product development process structure formed by new or existing vehicle systems (conventional vehicle) under the penetration of each existing and new discipline. This research compares the efficient operation steps of the process stakeholders in the autonomous vehicle design parts or systems containing innovation and new technology together with the value stream in the lean product development process, and the new process stakeholder’s business-oriented global and local automotive industry companies. New autonomous vehicle technologies, together with their unique software, hardware and development analysis, have been involved in the lean product development process with their interdisciplinary studies or expertise. Therefore, the study firstly focused on the technologies in environmental use together with the new basic features of autonomous vehicles, and then examined in depth the new or existing disciplines and interdisciplinary basic structure that these innovations affect under the value stream in the lean product development process. In addition, micro-level results and recommendations were shared, shedding light on how autonomous vehicle levels will create changes in the new product development process.

《朝元图》人物服饰图案在现代女包设计中的创新应用

《朝元图》是六百多年前的壁画作品,是中国绘画史上的旷世之作。文章从壁画中的人物服饰图案切入,深入挖掘服饰图案的文化内涵与艺术价值。从现代设计学角度分析服饰图案的历史背景、艺术特征和传承价值,并详细阐述服饰图案的提取方法。在服饰图案的创新设计过程中,结合当代审美意识,将带有创新基因的服饰图案成功应用到现代皮革女包的设计中。文章深入剖析了现代女包设计中的实践环节,将产生的设计方案与设计思路进行分析与汇总,以期为现代设计师们提供可借鉴的应用经验。

AI绘画在地图制图中的应用与挑战

进入信息时代,地图制图呈现大众化趋势,大众制图时代来临。人人都能制作地图,但制图质量却参差不齐,如何实现地图制图由专家主导的“授人以鱼”扩展为面向大众的“授人以渔”成为当前的研究热点,迫切需要发展智能化、个性化的制图方法。AI绘画通过机器学习和深度学习等技术,使计算机能够模拟人类艺术家的创造力进行图像创作、编辑和合成图像。AI绘画能否为智能化、个性化制图提供一种新的技术途径?针对这一问题,首先梳理出了由文本生成图像、图像编辑、草图转化为图像、风格化神经渲染、图像风格迁移5类典型AI绘画技术。然后,逐一分析这些技术在游戏地图绘制、地图脱密脱敏、心象地图绘制、艺术感地图绘制、地图风格迁移等方面的应用。最后,总结AI绘画在地图制图中面临的地图内容理解、制图知识规则嵌入以及结果地图的可读性等挑战,以期丰富对AI地图制图的讨论,启发创新性AI制图应用与研究。

网络空间认知及其对地图设计的约束原则研究

网络空间已经成为人类生存的第二空间,传统空间认知理论已经无法满足虚实共生的网络空间。因此,首先总结分析了网络空间认知有别于传统空间认知的特征;然后,在此基础上提出了网络空间认知的模式,剖析了网络空间认知中心象地图的构建;最后,归纳了基于空间认知规律的网络空间地图设计的约束原则。网络空间认知研究,将传统的空间认知拓展到了虚拟空间,可推动空间认知理论研究,丰富三元空间与泛地图学发展趋势下的地图学理论,并为网络空间地图的设计提供基础理论依据。

国产冰箱的迭代图谱及设计趋势研究

通过对于国产冰箱的案例搜集与分析,依据政策变化将其发展历史划分为四个阶段,从设计学角度构建起国产冰箱的迭代图谱。基于社会学视角剖析中国不同历史时期人民的生活方式,探索国产冰箱设计发展演变中的内在逻辑,通过分析迭代图谱与社会生活变迁的相互关系,以期论证以生活方式预测家电产品设计趋势的潜在可能性。基于以上研究,结合当前社会热点和人民生活方式特点,提出了国产冰箱设计的两大发展趋势:产品使用场景的跨越与人工智能技术的深度融合,旨在为未来的冰箱设计提供启示与借鉴。

认知众包模式下的总体城市意象特色分析方法与广州市实践

引入“认知众包”这一概念,以社交媒体数据为信息抓手,以广州市为分析对象,逐级阐释“理论探析—信息提炼—转译分析”的意象特色解析流程:通过意象特色属性与社媒数据的特征拟合,构建场景特色与攻略特色结合的数字化总体城市意象特色体系;以可意象性数字量化为技术主轴,提出众包型意象特色的信息提炼框架,搭建从网络素材到认知信息再到意象要素的提炼途径;将要素频次作为统计归纳的基础,从强度、等级、空间分布等方面对意象特色进行整合剖析,得到广州市三能级交互的意象特色体系。同时,捕捉到意象特色在新方法的促进下形成的变化模式、创新动力和问题体现等情况,构建一个非介入式的公众认可的广州城市特色体系,实现可读、可看、可感知的意象分析再创新。

博物馆展示交互设计发展态势可视化分析

目的对国内外博物馆展示交互设计的相关文献进行分析与总结,探讨该领域的研究热点、演进历程、发展趋势及国内外发展差异,并找出差异形成的原因,为今后博物馆展示交互设计的发展提供思路。方法以1995一2023年CNKI中国知网、Webof Science两大文献数据库作为数据来源,以1401篇博物馆展示交互设计相关文献为分析对象,经CiteSpace软件的运行,就国内外学界的已有研究生成相应的关键词共现图谱,并生成关键词聚类合成知识谱图,对该领域文献的发文统计、文献分布情况、作者、机构及关键词等内容进行梳理、知识图谱的生成及可视化分析。结果研究结果表明,国内外针对博物馆展示交互设计的研究都围绕观众展开,同时也都强调利用数字技术进行多感官体验的打造。但国外研究更注重以用户体验为中心的设计理念,研究重点聚焦以参与需求为目的社交空间等维度。国内研究则更多关注以数字展示为手段的展示内容上的感官呈现,更注重博物馆文化的传播。结论由于国内外博物馆展示交互设计中展陈设计理念、空间叙事逻辑、传播媒介偏向的不同,出现了基于不同研究视角的发展差异。伴随着社会职能的不断拓展与科学技术的不断进步,未来博物馆将在技术应用、展示功能、职能变革和交互体验等方面产生更多突破。

普通高校测绘工程专业程序设计类课程的教学改革探讨

随着传感器技术的飞速发展,以三维激光扫描为代表的新型批量数据采集装备的出现极大地提高了空间定位数据采集的效率。正确、高效地从采集的各类数据中提取感兴趣的信息成为新时代背景下测绘人员的必备技能。作为培养高级专门人才的摇篮,紧跟行业需求,在课程设置、教学内容与教学方法方面不断进行优化和调整是高等院校教学人员的使命。以“数据结构与测绘程序设计”课程为例,探讨了新时代背景下课程教学改革的具体措施,重点讨论了教学内容的调整与教学方法的变革两个方面,在此基础上,对多媒体课件研制过程中面临的问题及解决措施进行了分析;最后立足于课程教学改革的现有成果,对课程建设与改革的下一步工作进行了展望。

Design and Characterization of an Aerosol Test Chamber for Emergency Response Patient Contamination Control Simulation and Research

Contaminated or infected patients present a risk of cross-contamination for emergency responders, attending medical personnel and medical facilities as they enter a treatment facility. The controlled conditions of an aerosol test chamber are required to examine factors of contamination, decontamination, and cross-contamination. This study presents the design, construction, and a method for characterizing an aerosol test chamber for a full-sized manikin on a standard North Atlantic Treaty Organization litter. The methodology combined air velocity measurements, aerosol particle counts and size distributions, and computational fluid dynamics modeling to describe the chamber’s performance in three dimensions. This detailed characterization facilitates future experimental design by predicting chamber performance for a variety of patient-focused research.

语义任务与形式任务对二语词汇形义匹配的影响——对加工资源分配模型的验证

本研究采用拉丁方设计,考察任务类型对二语词汇即时学习的影响,并从词汇形义匹配的角度对加工资源分配模型(即TOPRA模型)的适用性进行验证。51名非英语专业一年级大学生分别在语义任务、形式任务和无任务3种条件下学习24个英语单词,之后接受单词自由回忆和单词提示回忆的即时测试。结果发现:在一语自由回忆测试中,任务类型显著影响词汇意义的学习,语义任务对词汇意义的学习有促进作用,而形式任务对词汇意义的学习有抑制作用;在二语自由回忆测试中,任务类型对词汇形式的学习没有影响;在一语和二语提示回忆测试中,任务类型显著影响二语词汇的即时学习效果,语义任务和形式任务都对词汇形义匹配知识的学习有抑制作用。本研究部分验证了TOPRA模型的适用性,希望可以为二语词汇教学提供一定的借鉴和参考。

门诊静脉采血自动按压止血器设计研究

针对门诊人工静脉采血现状,从产品设计的角度,探究提高止血质量,优化患者体验的设计途径。采用观察法收集现场及患者信息,通过用户旅程图洞悉患者痛点和需求,使用层次分析法计算各项设计要素的权重。提出能够帮助患者解放双手、正确按压、防止屈肘的止血器设计构想,并完成“自动按压止血器”的概念设计。首先,止血产品应该由患者独立使用,患者的“无意识”屈肘需要作为重要痛点在设计中充分考虑;然后,止血产品应该实现自动按压功能,其止血质量可以根据各项设计要素的权重进行把控。

变速条件下流体动压效应稳健性分析

以油膜作为中间介质,对于高速旋转机械传动系统的可靠性、稳定性的提升有显著优势。而高速轴承-转子系统在加工制造和运行过程中,不可避免地存在影响系统承载性能的不确定性因素,影响油膜形状,导致承载性能发生变化,实际工作性能偏离设计目标。以高速动压油膜为研究对象,为掌握几何参数和转速对油膜承载性能波动的影响,进行稳健优化和分析,提取油膜性能稳健优化结果的特征区域。针对传动系统的不同需求,采用计算流体力学方法求解不同转速下的动压滑动轴承油膜压力场,进而求解其主要性能指标:承载力和摩擦功耗。建立研究目标的Kriging近似模型,并在样本点临近区域选择稳健目标计算的子空间,计算目标均值和方差。利用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)求解不同目标组合的Pareto最优解集。结合自组织映射图(SOM)方法进行相关性分析,提取设计目标与几何参数、转速之间的相关性特征,分析最优特征区域中偏心率对目标稳健性的影响,最终确定稳健性好的特征区域,并选择个别结果进行仿真计算验证。结果表明:所提出的最优性分析方法能够清晰展现出稳健最优性区域在设计空间中的分布情况,便于降低几何参数和转速的波动对油膜性能的影响;所提方法能提升优化设计结果的可实现性,有效促进理论设计与工程实际的衔接。

陆路交通基础设施勘察设计智能化路径探讨

研究目的:陆路交通基础设施勘察设计全流程智能化是提高勘察设计效率、质量,引领行业变革的必经之路。为加快推进勘察设计智能化的进程和一体化需要,本文从勘察设计业务流程出发,覆盖铁路、公路两大行业共性技术领域,包括测绘、勘察、选线、路基、桥梁、隧道六大专业,从技术研究、标准建设、平台研发三个方面,对陆路交通基础设施勘察设计智能化路径进行探讨。研究结论:(1)陆路交通基础设施勘察设计智能化可采用以流程为主线、以数据为核心、以智能技术为驱动、以软件平台为载体的总体技术架构,重点攻克“智能测绘、智能勘察、智能选线、智能设计”4套智能关键技术,建立数字化、智能化标准,研发智能勘察设计平台与交付平台,形成陆路交通基础设施智能勘察设计技术体系;(2)4套智能关键技术可实现从基于北斗地基/星基增强服务的基础设施空间地理与地质信息快速获取、多源数据融合及三维数字化表达、多目标智能优化选线、关键构造物设计方案智能决策、数字化建模与集成设计等方面突破;(3)数字化、智能化标准体系构建是从勘察设计数据体系结构、数据存储、数据传递、智能设计要求与算法、成果交付等维度开展标准化研究;(4)智能勘察设计平台与交付平台研发是基于统一的数据与平台架构,采用自主图形引擎,可实现陆路交通智能勘察设计和成果交付,支撑陆路交通基础设施勘察设计领域高质量发展。

城市地名文化地图表达设计

针对当前城市地名文化地图设计与研究的不足,本文以地图与地名文化的创新性融合表达为研究目标,以《寻迹汉阳地名之美——汉阳区划地名文化手绘图》的设计与实现为案例,将确定文化主题、提炼城市地名文化、文化信息图形化等融入传统制图的技术框架,构建了手绘地图与传统地图编制相结合的文化地图编绘工艺,从确定主题内容、地图表达设计、地图装帧三个方面详细阐述城市地名文化地图编绘的具体步骤,以期为城市地名文化地图的设计提供参考。