Exploration on Marine Management under the View of Marine Eco-civilization

We try to inject the idea of marine eco-civilization into marine management. By enriching connotation of marine management,the idea of marine management is improved by combining ecology,sociology and management. Current marine management in China has many problems. From the angle of enhancing marine eco-civilization construction,we put forward that marine area in whole country needs to be planned by taking marine eco-civilization as starting point,regional marine management idea should be enhanced,and division of marine management unit should be innovated,finally realizing innovation of marine management mechanism and marine sustainable development.

Marine environmental quality, pollution monitoring and environmental management

Chinese government has adopted a series of management measures to prevent and manage marine pollution and to protect ocean bio resources and ecosystem. The key points of Chinese marine environmental quality status, pollution monitoring and environmental management since 1980' were discussed in this paper. Those included the investigations of Chinese coast environmental quality, monitoring techniques and standards, as well as the marine environmental management measures. Recent status of marine environmental pollution and the monitoring network in China were also introduced.

Study on the Development and Managem ent of Marine Resources in China

Based on the current situation of marine resources in China in respect of development and management, some issues of the develop- ment and management of marine resources in China were analyzed from aspects of marine ecological environmental protection, resource owner- ship, ideas, management system and so forth, Afterwards, a series of suggestions about strengthening the development and management of ma- rine resources in China were put forward, such as clearing marine property rights, stren gthening national ocean consciousness, adjusting marine dustrial structure, vigorously developing new marine industries, and culturing marine technology professionals

Offshore Wind Power for Marine Conservation

The seas of northern Europe are strongly affected by human activities and there is a great need for improved marine conservation. The same region is also the current hotspot for offshore wind power development. Wind farms can have negative environmental impacts during construction, but during the operational phase many organisms are attracted to the foundations and thereby may also find refuge from fisheries. Given the recent implementation of marine spatial planning in Europe and elsewhere, this is a critical time to address potential compatibility and synergies between marine conservation and wind power. This review concludes that offshore wind farms can be at least as effective as existing marine protected areas in terms of creating refuges for benthic habitats, benthos, fish and marine mammals. The degree of advantage for these organisms depends on the location of the wind farm and the level of imposed fishing restriction. Under certain conditions wind farms may even be more efficient means of conservation than ordinary marine protected areas. However, offshore wind farms can be negative for several species of seabirds, essentially as occupying preferred feeding or wintering grounds. In areas important to these seabirds wind farms may not comply with conservation. The results bring important messages to marine spatial planning as some but not all wind farms can be spatially combined with, and even synergistic to, marine conservation.

Local Persistence of Large Benthic Foraminifera(LBF)under Increasing Urban Development:A Case Study from Zanzibar(Unguja),East Africa

Coastal marine management is vital for socio-ecological sustainability of developing,tropical ecosystems,which calls for diverse tools to monitor and assess water quality.The carbonatedominated habitats off Zanzibar were chosen for study due to potential water quality degradation in a rapidly developing tourist destination heavily reliant on its coral reefs.These reefs are largely unmonitored and subject to local and global stressors.A widely used method for assessing reef health,as an early detection method of ecological changes,is the application of large benthic foraminiferal bioindicators,i.e.,the Fo RAM Index.We expected to find poor water quality conditions in the unmanaged reefs supported by stress-toelerant(opportunistic)foraminiferal assemblages.The dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate values derived from untreated sewage effluent from Stone Town were highly variable(ranging 0.05–3.77 and 0.05–1.45μM,respectively),moderate,and occasionally approached or exceeded critical threshold values for oligotrophic ecosystems.The analysis of total assemblages indicated an abundance of symbiont-bearing large benthic foraminifera,dominated by prolific Amphistegina species,comparatively low-moderate diversity,high FI values(7.6 on average),and high coral cover.A water quality gradient was reflected by subtle assemblage differences,suggesting that LBF can provide early warning signals of benthic changes,indicating the importance of long-term monitoring programs in vulnerable,rapidly developing coastal ecosystems exposed to increasing pressures.