With the background of the current economic globalization and informatization,how to improve the quality of after-sales services and meet the diversified needs of consumers has become an important issue that the indus...With the background of the current economic globalization and informatization,how to improve the quality of after-sales services and meet the diversified needs of consumers has become an important issue that the industry has had to face and solve.Recently,the“report on 2022-2028 after-sales service management industry market competition analysis and development strategic planning assessment forecast”(hereinafter referred to as the“Report”)released by CICC Consulting pointed out that the high penetration rate of electronic information products.展开更多
Currently,talent training in Chinese universities for landscape architecture is mainly divided into three directions:“landscape planning and design,”“landscape construction management,”and“landscape plant plantin...Currently,talent training in Chinese universities for landscape architecture is mainly divided into three directions:“landscape planning and design,”“landscape construction management,”and“landscape plant planting and maintenance.”However,with the background of the slowing urbanization process and the widespread demand for composite talents in society,it remains to be verified whether the traditional three major talent training directions in landscape architecture align with the job demands in the current construction market.Based on a survey and analysis of over 300 industry practitioners,this study found a clear trend of merging the three major employment directions into“landscape design and construction”and“landscape plant planting and maintenance.”This presents new requirements and directions for the skill training of landscape architecture majors in universities and provides insights into the alignment between talent training and employment demands in other industries.展开更多
The prediction model of the demand of the book market in China from the quantitative angle is established,and the total demand of the books for years from 2002 to 2004 is predicted.The effects of the gross domestic pr...The prediction model of the demand of the book market in China from the quantitative angle is established,and the total demand of the books for years from 2002 to 2004 is predicted.The effects of the gross domestic product,household consumption,price and population on the demand of books are also analyzed.In the end,it is summarized that the acceleration of the development of Chinese book industry,the refinement of the books,the innovation of the advertisement,the series of the structure and the steady increase of the price will become the remarkable characteristics of the book market.展开更多
There is a large body of literature in economics examining the US meat market, but few studies have focused on the US goat meat market. This study, as a catch-up effort, provides an estimate of the demand for goat mea...There is a large body of literature in economics examining the US meat market, but few studies have focused on the US goat meat market. This study, as a catch-up effort, provides an estimate of the demand for goat meat and assesses the impact of driving factors in the US goat meat market. The data for this study were collected in 11 southern states and specifically elicit the demand and consumer preferences in this non-conventional market. Four econometric models are fitted to examine the multiple layers of the demand, including the current, the potential, the latent, and the seasonal demand. Findings indicate a substantial demand for goat meat with great growth potential, driven by demographic factors and food safety concerns. Ethnic groups and the aged comprise the current niches for goat meat, and the preferences for healthy and safe meat will define the market in the future.展开更多
This paper analyzed the trend of seed industry development in-depth and studied changes in quantity and quality of demands for seed industry talents. To adapt to " breeding,propagating and selling" integrati...This paper analyzed the trend of seed industry development in-depth and studied changes in quantity and quality of demands for seed industry talents. To adapt to " breeding,propagating and selling" integration and internationalized trend of seed industry,it stated that hierarchical training mode is an ideal mode for training outstanding seed industry talents. Finally,it elaborated specific objectives and requirements of the hierarchical training mode,i. e. undergraduate- master- doctor.展开更多
Strategic emerging industries have become an important engine of economic growth and main power to boost improvement.We gather panel data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2003 to 2013,and empirically analyze t...Strategic emerging industries have become an important engine of economic growth and main power to boost improvement.We gather panel data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2003 to 2013,and empirically analyze the impact of market demand,R&D investment,technology innovation and new products output on the development of China's strategic emerging industries. The results suggest the growing domestic and international market demands are main factors to the development of strategic emerging industries.R&D investment,technology innovation and new products output also play important roles in promoting the development of strategic emerging industries. The objective conclusions are obtained through theoretical and empirical analyses.展开更多
This paper analyzes the demands of national tourism in China. They are respectively the upraise of national tourism, the rapid increase of tourist scale, the strength with the leadership of government, the combination...This paper analyzes the demands of national tourism in China. They are respectively the upraise of national tourism, the rapid increase of tourist scale, the strength with the leadership of government, the combination of marketing, the variety of behavior, regional consumption and the relationship with economic income as well as the guide of leisure time.展开更多
With the constant increase and updating of market demand,the development of farmhouse in rural tourism is in urgent need of innovation and breakthrough,and the transformation of farmhouse development model becomes the...With the constant increase and updating of market demand,the development of farmhouse in rural tourism is in urgent need of innovation and breakthrough,and the transformation of farmhouse development model becomes the primary task to solve the development problem of the farmhouse. Based on the occupation and age structure,the farmhouse tourists are divided into five types,and three applicable development models are proposed after analyzing the market demand of different types of tourists,in order to provide a reference for the development of farmhouse.展开更多
Exchange rate functions under systems of centrallyplanned economy and market economy are quite different,and the mechanism to determine such exchange rate is alsodifferent. To adopt a socialist market economic system ...Exchange rate functions under systems of centrallyplanned economy and market economy are quite different,and the mechanism to determine such exchange rate is alsodifferent. To adopt a socialist market economic system inChina, the exchange rate mechanism of Renminbi must bethoroughly transformed. To accomplish this goal, I believethere are three problems that must be solved: first,展开更多
Despite the significant annual consumption of honey in Saudi Arabia, information gaps remain with regard to the marketing and market structure of honey along the value chain. This study analyzed the major factors that...Despite the significant annual consumption of honey in Saudi Arabia, information gaps remain with regard to the marketing and market structure of honey along the value chain. This study analyzed the major factors that influenced the consumption, expenditure patterns, and demand of honey in Saudi Arabia. This study forecasted the near-future expected market demands for honey in Saudi Arabia by collecting and analyzing the primary data using questionnaires. A total of 331 respondents from representative regions and large cities were randomly selected and interviewed. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods as well as appropriate econometric models. Respondents characterized honey quality using organoleptic words, and these characterizations varied based on the relative significance of perception parameters. Taste, aroma, physical state, and color had aggregated average scores of 4.58, 4.44, 3.54, and 3.28, respectively. In addition to the above parameters, honey source, brand name, and confidence in the producers influenced its perceived quality. The major outlets for honey in Saudi Arabia included producers, specialized honey stores, and auction markets in major cities during the harvesting seasons. Medication, food, and sweetening were the major motivations for buying honey in the Saudi market, with aggregate scores of 4.52, 3.71, and 1.52, respectively. Significant honey price variations were observed within and among different honeys and packaging volumes;this finding might be due to factors such as botanical and geographical origins, package volume size economics (i.e., bulk purchases), honey variety blending, brand names, and producer policies. The average price of locally produced honey was approximately $73 per kg, which is 10 times more than the average price of honey in the US and the EU. The estimated consumption/income elasticity was 0.27. These results suggest that honey is a basic commodity in Saudi Arabia. Based on econometric model forecasts, the Saudi market demand for honey is expected to reach approximately 29,784 tons in 2025.展开更多
In the 1980s, China’s auto market saw three dramatic fluctuations. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the market, as a whole, has become calm and stable without any major changes, though it has never evaded occasional...In the 1980s, China’s auto market saw three dramatic fluctuations. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the market, as a whole, has become calm and stable without any major changes, though it has never evaded occasional rises and fails. The pattern of demand on the market has been generally set and clear, and has begun to grow steadily. In view of the present situation, two major categories of vehicles—office-use and business or service use cars and trucks—have long been in demand on the market, almost dominat-展开更多
With the explosive growth of variable renewable energy,the balance between the supply and demand of the power grid is faced with new challenges.Based on the development experience from typical countries and the state ...With the explosive growth of variable renewable energy,the balance between the supply and demand of the power grid is faced with new challenges.Based on the development experience from typical countries and the state quo in China,this paper further analyzes the system architecture and development trend of demand response under the background of Energy Internet.Five dimensions are considered:Energy Internet platform,demand response application scenarios,system architecture,information technology system construction,and demand response development trend.The results show that the application of the Energy Internet platform can effectively solve the problems of data acquisition and processing,“terminal-edge-network-cloud”cooperation of demand response,etc.The system architecture of the demand response platform that supports user resource management,user information access,control instruction receiving,control strategy issuing,and response process monitoring is proposed in this paper.It is also helpful to provide a feasible technical choice for expanding the application services of Energy Internet towards government and society.展开更多
On June 3rd,JD.com announced that Paipai,its second-hand commodity trade platform,was strategically merged with Aihuishou(Love Recycling)which is one of the largest electronics recycling platforms in China.Recently,th...On June 3rd,JD.com announced that Paipai,its second-hand commodity trade platform,was strategically merged with Aihuishou(Love Recycling)which is one of the largest electronics recycling platforms in China.Recently,the Ecommerce Research Centre of 100ec.cn released the2018 Development Report for China Second-hand E-businesses(hereinafter referred to as the Report),which indicated that as of the end of 2017.展开更多
Based on the authors' information sources and personal viewpoints, this paper provides updated information on China's refractories situation in terms of output, consumption in main refractory using sectors, ex...Based on the authors' information sources and personal viewpoints, this paper provides updated information on China's refractories situation in terms of output, consumption in main refractory using sectors, exportation and importation of refractory products and raw materials, structural change, future prosperity and new demands. From authors' understanding, some analyses have also been given.展开更多
Consumers and developers are the market transaction subjects which drive the development of building energy efficiency market. High energy prices, unreasonable heating system, information asymmetry of building energy ...Consumers and developers are the market transaction subjects which drive the development of building energy efficiency market. High energy prices, unreasonable heating system, information asymmetry of building energy suppress demand of energy efficiency construction; high technical risk and construction cost, nonstandard market restrict the supply of energy efficiency construction. To promote the development of building energy efficiency, we must set up effective incentive policies for both sides of the market transaction, improve the supervisory system, promote the technological progress, build the information sharing platform, so as to achieve the purpose of cultivating and improving the building energy efficiency market system, regulating the behavior of supply and demand subject, building the mutually beneficial and cooperative partnership, and realizing the balance of interests.展开更多
Globalization and liberalization offer competitive openings for several world brands to the Indian markets. Bestowed with growing disposable incomes, Kerala consumers exhibit wide diversity in their buying habits. App...Globalization and liberalization offer competitive openings for several world brands to the Indian markets. Bestowed with growing disposable incomes, Kerala consumers exhibit wide diversity in their buying habits. Apparently, the emerging fascination for imported brands impels distributers to leave enough space to shelf more "made in China" brands in their showrooms. The substantial increase in consumers' demand for imported goods with considerable attraction for "made in China" products inspired this study to explore the demand state for various types of Chinese products in the Indian regional markets. Divided into two stages, at first, with a primary survey, the study explores the consumers' perception towards selected five vastly available consumer durables such as electrical appliances, handicrafts, stationeries, toys and builds wares. Later, the demand matrix developed from the primary data defines the types of demand prevailing for each category of"made in China" products based on their popularity and consumption in Kerala markets.展开更多
China has long been recpgnised as an important source of refractory raw materials far refractory markets world-wide. Bauxite, magnesia, fused a-lumina , and refractory clays in particular, have maintained China s stro...China has long been recpgnised as an important source of refractory raw materials far refractory markets world-wide. Bauxite, magnesia, fused a-lumina , and refractory clays in particular, have maintained China s strong position as the world ' s leading supplier of these minerals. However , important changes have taken place in the structure of Chinese and global supply of these minerals. More-over, the world refractory market and the minerals trading sector have also undergone a radical transformation that has influenced mineral supply, and shifted end product manufacture to China. This paper highlights these changes and sees hour they have, impacted on China as a world source of refractory minerals.展开更多
Based on the analysis on economic situation in China in 2001, the paperdiscusses power supply and demand features nationwide and by regions andprovinces, present estimation of power supply and demand in 2002. In concl...Based on the analysis on economic situation in China in 2001, the paperdiscusses power supply and demand features nationwide and by regions andprovinces, present estimation of power supply and demand in 2002. In conclusion,the paper presents suggestions to overcome difficulties on capital funds andtechniques.[展开更多
This paper calls attention to the demand resource market in Korea which opened in 2008 to reduce customers' consumption at critical times and, at the same time, secure the load that can be shut down. In Korea, the de...This paper calls attention to the demand resource market in Korea which opened in 2008 to reduce customers' consumption at critical times and, at the same time, secure the load that can be shut down. In Korea, the demand resource market is operated by either forward market or spot market. The discussion here is limited to the operations of the demand resource spot market. As the demand response program has matured in the smart grid environment, KPX (Korea Power Exchange) will shortly complete the development of the real-time demand resource trading system, taking into account an integrated dispatch system.展开更多
Intermittent demand forecasting is an important challenge in the process of smart supply chain transformation,and accurate demand forecasting can reduce costs and increase efficiency for enterprises.This study propose...Intermittent demand forecasting is an important challenge in the process of smart supply chain transformation,and accurate demand forecasting can reduce costs and increase efficiency for enterprises.This study proposes an intermittent demand combination forecasting method based on internal and external data,builds intermittent demand feature engineering from the perspective of machine learning,predicts the occurrence of demand by classification model,and predicts non-zero demand quantity by regression model.Based on the strategy selection on the inventory side and the stocking needs on the replenishment side,this study focuses on the optimization of the classification problem,incorporates the internal and external data of the enterprise,and proposes two combination forecasting optimization methods on the basis of the best classification threshold searching and transfer learning,respectively.Based on the real data of auto after-sales business,these methods are evaluated and validated in multiple dimensions.Compared with other intermittent forecasting methods,the models proposed in this study have been improved significantly in terms of classification accuracy and forecasting precision,which validates the potential of combined forecasting framework for intermittent demand and provides an empirical study of the framework in industry practice.The results show that this research can further provide accurate upstream inputs for smart inventory and guarantee intelligent supply chain decision-making in terms of accuracy and efficiency.展开更多
文摘With the background of the current economic globalization and informatization,how to improve the quality of after-sales services and meet the diversified needs of consumers has become an important issue that the industry has had to face and solve.Recently,the“report on 2022-2028 after-sales service management industry market competition analysis and development strategic planning assessment forecast”(hereinafter referred to as the“Report”)released by CICC Consulting pointed out that the high penetration rate of electronic information products.
基金Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Fund Project“Construction and Development of‘Loose-Leaf’Teaching Material Resources for Landscape Engineering Vocational Education”(Project number:2022J1725)。
文摘Currently,talent training in Chinese universities for landscape architecture is mainly divided into three directions:“landscape planning and design,”“landscape construction management,”and“landscape plant planting and maintenance.”However,with the background of the slowing urbanization process and the widespread demand for composite talents in society,it remains to be verified whether the traditional three major talent training directions in landscape architecture align with the job demands in the current construction market.Based on a survey and analysis of over 300 industry practitioners,this study found a clear trend of merging the three major employment directions into“landscape design and construction”and“landscape plant planting and maintenance.”This presents new requirements and directions for the skill training of landscape architecture majors in universities and provides insights into the alignment between talent training and employment demands in other industries.
文摘The prediction model of the demand of the book market in China from the quantitative angle is established,and the total demand of the books for years from 2002 to 2004 is predicted.The effects of the gross domestic product,household consumption,price and population on the demand of books are also analyzed.In the end,it is summarized that the acceleration of the development of Chinese book industry,the refinement of the books,the innovation of the advertisement,the series of the structure and the steady increase of the price will become the remarkable characteristics of the book market.
文摘There is a large body of literature in economics examining the US meat market, but few studies have focused on the US goat meat market. This study, as a catch-up effort, provides an estimate of the demand for goat meat and assesses the impact of driving factors in the US goat meat market. The data for this study were collected in 11 southern states and specifically elicit the demand and consumer preferences in this non-conventional market. Four econometric models are fitted to examine the multiple layers of the demand, including the current, the potential, the latent, and the seasonal demand. Findings indicate a substantial demand for goat meat with great growth potential, driven by demographic factors and food safety concerns. Ethnic groups and the aged comprise the current niches for goat meat, and the preferences for healthy and safe meat will define the market in the future.
基金Supported by Study on Dynamic Adjustment Mechanism for University-Enterprise Cooperation and Specialized Structure(12xn0042)
文摘This paper analyzed the trend of seed industry development in-depth and studied changes in quantity and quality of demands for seed industry talents. To adapt to " breeding,propagating and selling" integration and internationalized trend of seed industry,it stated that hierarchical training mode is an ideal mode for training outstanding seed industry talents. Finally,it elaborated specific objectives and requirements of the hierarchical training mode,i. e. undergraduate- master- doctor.
基金National Social Science Foundation of China(No.11&ZD142)
文摘Strategic emerging industries have become an important engine of economic growth and main power to boost improvement.We gather panel data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2003 to 2013,and empirically analyze the impact of market demand,R&D investment,technology innovation and new products output on the development of China's strategic emerging industries. The results suggest the growing domestic and international market demands are main factors to the development of strategic emerging industries.R&D investment,technology innovation and new products output also play important roles in promoting the development of strategic emerging industries. The objective conclusions are obtained through theoretical and empirical analyses.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.49771031)
文摘This paper analyzes the demands of national tourism in China. They are respectively the upraise of national tourism, the rapid increase of tourist scale, the strength with the leadership of government, the combination of marketing, the variety of behavior, regional consumption and the relationship with economic income as well as the guide of leisure time.
基金Supported by the Sixth Term College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of University of Science and Technology Liaoning in2016(DC2016178)Science and Research Fund for Young Teachers in University of Science and Technology Liaoning in 2014(2014QN23)Anshan Philosophy and Social Science Research Project in 2016(as20163015)
文摘With the constant increase and updating of market demand,the development of farmhouse in rural tourism is in urgent need of innovation and breakthrough,and the transformation of farmhouse development model becomes the primary task to solve the development problem of the farmhouse. Based on the occupation and age structure,the farmhouse tourists are divided into five types,and three applicable development models are proposed after analyzing the market demand of different types of tourists,in order to provide a reference for the development of farmhouse.
文摘Exchange rate functions under systems of centrallyplanned economy and market economy are quite different,and the mechanism to determine such exchange rate is alsodifferent. To adopt a socialist market economic system inChina, the exchange rate mechanism of Renminbi must bethoroughly transformed. To accomplish this goal, I believethere are three problems that must be solved: first,
文摘Despite the significant annual consumption of honey in Saudi Arabia, information gaps remain with regard to the marketing and market structure of honey along the value chain. This study analyzed the major factors that influenced the consumption, expenditure patterns, and demand of honey in Saudi Arabia. This study forecasted the near-future expected market demands for honey in Saudi Arabia by collecting and analyzing the primary data using questionnaires. A total of 331 respondents from representative regions and large cities were randomly selected and interviewed. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods as well as appropriate econometric models. Respondents characterized honey quality using organoleptic words, and these characterizations varied based on the relative significance of perception parameters. Taste, aroma, physical state, and color had aggregated average scores of 4.58, 4.44, 3.54, and 3.28, respectively. In addition to the above parameters, honey source, brand name, and confidence in the producers influenced its perceived quality. The major outlets for honey in Saudi Arabia included producers, specialized honey stores, and auction markets in major cities during the harvesting seasons. Medication, food, and sweetening were the major motivations for buying honey in the Saudi market, with aggregate scores of 4.52, 3.71, and 1.52, respectively. Significant honey price variations were observed within and among different honeys and packaging volumes;this finding might be due to factors such as botanical and geographical origins, package volume size economics (i.e., bulk purchases), honey variety blending, brand names, and producer policies. The average price of locally produced honey was approximately $73 per kg, which is 10 times more than the average price of honey in the US and the EU. The estimated consumption/income elasticity was 0.27. These results suggest that honey is a basic commodity in Saudi Arabia. Based on econometric model forecasts, the Saudi market demand for honey is expected to reach approximately 29,784 tons in 2025.
文摘In the 1980s, China’s auto market saw three dramatic fluctuations. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the market, as a whole, has become calm and stable without any major changes, though it has never evaded occasional rises and fails. The pattern of demand on the market has been generally set and clear, and has begun to grow steadily. In view of the present situation, two major categories of vehicles—office-use and business or service use cars and trucks—have long been in demand on the market, almost dominat-
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2019QN066).
文摘With the explosive growth of variable renewable energy,the balance between the supply and demand of the power grid is faced with new challenges.Based on the development experience from typical countries and the state quo in China,this paper further analyzes the system architecture and development trend of demand response under the background of Energy Internet.Five dimensions are considered:Energy Internet platform,demand response application scenarios,system architecture,information technology system construction,and demand response development trend.The results show that the application of the Energy Internet platform can effectively solve the problems of data acquisition and processing,“terminal-edge-network-cloud”cooperation of demand response,etc.The system architecture of the demand response platform that supports user resource management,user information access,control instruction receiving,control strategy issuing,and response process monitoring is proposed in this paper.It is also helpful to provide a feasible technical choice for expanding the application services of Energy Internet towards government and society.
文摘On June 3rd,JD.com announced that Paipai,its second-hand commodity trade platform,was strategically merged with Aihuishou(Love Recycling)which is one of the largest electronics recycling platforms in China.Recently,the Ecommerce Research Centre of 100ec.cn released the2018 Development Report for China Second-hand E-businesses(hereinafter referred to as the Report),which indicated that as of the end of 2017.
文摘Based on the authors' information sources and personal viewpoints, this paper provides updated information on China's refractories situation in terms of output, consumption in main refractory using sectors, exportation and importation of refractory products and raw materials, structural change, future prosperity and new demands. From authors' understanding, some analyses have also been given.
基金supported by Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 71171141)Soft Science Research Project of MOE (Grant No. 2013-R1-14)Social Science Planning Project in Tianjin City (Grant No. TJGLHQ1403)
文摘Consumers and developers are the market transaction subjects which drive the development of building energy efficiency market. High energy prices, unreasonable heating system, information asymmetry of building energy suppress demand of energy efficiency construction; high technical risk and construction cost, nonstandard market restrict the supply of energy efficiency construction. To promote the development of building energy efficiency, we must set up effective incentive policies for both sides of the market transaction, improve the supervisory system, promote the technological progress, build the information sharing platform, so as to achieve the purpose of cultivating and improving the building energy efficiency market system, regulating the behavior of supply and demand subject, building the mutually beneficial and cooperative partnership, and realizing the balance of interests.
文摘Globalization and liberalization offer competitive openings for several world brands to the Indian markets. Bestowed with growing disposable incomes, Kerala consumers exhibit wide diversity in their buying habits. Apparently, the emerging fascination for imported brands impels distributers to leave enough space to shelf more "made in China" brands in their showrooms. The substantial increase in consumers' demand for imported goods with considerable attraction for "made in China" products inspired this study to explore the demand state for various types of Chinese products in the Indian regional markets. Divided into two stages, at first, with a primary survey, the study explores the consumers' perception towards selected five vastly available consumer durables such as electrical appliances, handicrafts, stationeries, toys and builds wares. Later, the demand matrix developed from the primary data defines the types of demand prevailing for each category of"made in China" products based on their popularity and consumption in Kerala markets.
文摘China has long been recpgnised as an important source of refractory raw materials far refractory markets world-wide. Bauxite, magnesia, fused a-lumina , and refractory clays in particular, have maintained China s strong position as the world ' s leading supplier of these minerals. However , important changes have taken place in the structure of Chinese and global supply of these minerals. More-over, the world refractory market and the minerals trading sector have also undergone a radical transformation that has influenced mineral supply, and shifted end product manufacture to China. This paper highlights these changes and sees hour they have, impacted on China as a world source of refractory minerals.
文摘Based on the analysis on economic situation in China in 2001, the paperdiscusses power supply and demand features nationwide and by regions andprovinces, present estimation of power supply and demand in 2002. In conclusion,the paper presents suggestions to overcome difficulties on capital funds andtechniques.[
文摘This paper calls attention to the demand resource market in Korea which opened in 2008 to reduce customers' consumption at critical times and, at the same time, secure the load that can be shut down. In Korea, the demand resource market is operated by either forward market or spot market. The discussion here is limited to the operations of the demand resource spot market. As the demand response program has matured in the smart grid environment, KPX (Korea Power Exchange) will shortly complete the development of the real-time demand resource trading system, taking into account an integrated dispatch system.
基金This work was supported jointly by the funding from Shandong In-dustrial Internet Innovation and Entrepreneurship Community,the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:71810107003)the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:18ZDA109).
文摘Intermittent demand forecasting is an important challenge in the process of smart supply chain transformation,and accurate demand forecasting can reduce costs and increase efficiency for enterprises.This study proposes an intermittent demand combination forecasting method based on internal and external data,builds intermittent demand feature engineering from the perspective of machine learning,predicts the occurrence of demand by classification model,and predicts non-zero demand quantity by regression model.Based on the strategy selection on the inventory side and the stocking needs on the replenishment side,this study focuses on the optimization of the classification problem,incorporates the internal and external data of the enterprise,and proposes two combination forecasting optimization methods on the basis of the best classification threshold searching and transfer learning,respectively.Based on the real data of auto after-sales business,these methods are evaluated and validated in multiple dimensions.Compared with other intermittent forecasting methods,the models proposed in this study have been improved significantly in terms of classification accuracy and forecasting precision,which validates the potential of combined forecasting framework for intermittent demand and provides an empirical study of the framework in industry practice.The results show that this research can further provide accurate upstream inputs for smart inventory and guarantee intelligent supply chain decision-making in terms of accuracy and efficiency.