The paper selected Chinese Cruise Line as the case study. Having based on the survey data of Chinese cruise tourism consumers, the factor analysis method, one-way analysis of variances method, cluster analysis method,...The paper selected Chinese Cruise Line as the case study. Having based on the survey data of Chinese cruise tourism consumers, the factor analysis method, one-way analysis of variances method, cluster analysis method, and other quantitative and qualitative methods were taken to analyze Chinese consumers’ satisfaction differences of cruise tourism service quality with different segmentation markets and clusters markets, and the reasons of satisfaction differences were also explored. Then precision marketing strategy of Chinese cruise tourism with different segmentation markets and clusters markets from the supply-side reform perspective was discussed. The purpose of current research was to provide suggestions of precision management and precision marketing of Chinese cruise tourism for relevant enterprises and government departments.展开更多
This work aimed to explore the switch tendency of bicycle use between cyclists and non-cyclists.The attitude based market segmentation approach was proposed to achieve the research objective.The filed investigations w...This work aimed to explore the switch tendency of bicycle use between cyclists and non-cyclists.The attitude based market segmentation approach was proposed to achieve the research objective.The filed investigations were conducted in Nanjing,China,to obtain travelers' actions and attitudes towards bicycle uses.The structural equation modeling(SEM) was used to identify the attitudinal factors indicating variables and to explore the interrelationships among them.The SEMs were developed separately for the cyclist group and the non-cyclist group.All respondents were clustered into eight distinct segments by six selected attitudinal factors.The mode switch tendency and attitude in each segment is different from others,indicating that different segments have particular policies or strategies to encourage cycling.Policy implications that best serve the potential bicycle users were discussed to reduce the number of cyclists who have high tendency to use other modes,and increase the possibility of using bicycle in the non-cyclists group with the moderate and high switch tendency.展开更多
The role of marketing in the transit industry has undergone numerous changes in past morecomplicated. The paper identifies application of market segmentation, including its definition,characteristics, functions and l...The role of marketing in the transit industry has undergone numerous changes in past morecomplicated. The paper identifies application of market segmentation, including its definition,characteristics, functions and limitations. Its applications in transit system are extensively reviewed,including travel demand analysis, transport policy, transport planning and management, travel pattern and behavior, transit marketing and mode choices, etc.展开更多
An appropriate optimal number of market segments(ONS)estimation is essential for an enterprise to achieve successful market segmentation,but at present,there is a serious lack of attention to this issue in market segm...An appropriate optimal number of market segments(ONS)estimation is essential for an enterprise to achieve successful market segmentation,but at present,there is a serious lack of attention to this issue in market segmentation.In our study,an independent adaptive ONS estimation method BWCON-NSDK-means++is proposed by integrating a newinternal validity index(IVI)Between-Within-Connectivity(BWCON)and a newstable clustering algorithmNatural-SDK-means++(NSDK-means++)in a novel way.First,to complete the evaluation dimensions of the existing IVIs,we designed a connectivity formula based on the neighbor relationship and proposed the BWCON by integrating the connectivity with other two commonly considered measures of compactness and separation.Then,considering the stability,number of parameters and clustering performance,we proposed the NSDK-means++to participate in the integrationwhere the natural neighbor was used to optimize the initial cluster centers(ICCs)determination strategy in the SDK-means++.At last,to ensure the objectivity of the estimatedONS,we designed a BWCON-based ONS estimation framework that does not require the user to set any parameters in advance and integrated the NSDK-means++into this framework forming a practical ONS estimation tool BWCON-NSDK-means++.The final experimental results showthat the proposed BWCONand NSDK-means++are significantlymore suitable than their respective existing models to participate in the integration for determining theONS,and the proposed BWCON-NSDK-means++is demonstrably superior to the BWCON-KMA,BWCONMBK,BWCON-KM++,BWCON-RKM++,BWCON-SDKM++,BWCON-Single linkage,BWCON-Complete linkage,BWCON-Average linkage and BWCON-Ward linkage in terms of the ONS estimation.Moreover,as an independentmarket segmentation tool,the BWCON-NSDK-means++also outperforms the existing models with respect to the inter-market differentiation and sub-market size.展开更多
This paper examined visitors to Bukhansan National Park in Korea based on first-time and repeat visitation. Bukhansan National Park is Korea's most heavily visited national park with annual visitation of six milli...This paper examined visitors to Bukhansan National Park in Korea based on first-time and repeat visitation. Bukhansan National Park is Korea's most heavily visited national park with annual visitation of six million visitors in 2015. Data used in this article were collected on-site in the park in 2007 and 2013 by the Korea National Park Service(KNPS).The study variables included socio-demographics,travel behavior, motivation, and satisfaction with park attributes, services and facilities. Data were analyzed by each study year for first-time and repeat visitors.Results showed significant differences for both firsttime and repeat visitors on several socio-demographic,travel behavior, and motivation variables within each study year. For satisfaction with park attributes,facilities and services, first-time visitors were significantly different from repeat visitors on seven variables for both years. Implications are given regarding programs and services to improve visitor satisfaction and sustain the natural, cultural and historical resources at Bukhansan National Park and other national parks in Korea. Future research suggestions are provided to learn more about visitor characteristics, standards of quality and preferences in the national parks.展开更多
This paper explores the labour market segmentation by ownership type and its impact on the gender wage gap in urban China.Using the latest data of the China Household Income Project(CHIP)survey conducted in 2014(CHIP2...This paper explores the labour market segmentation by ownership type and its impact on the gender wage gap in urban China.Using the latest data of the China Household Income Project(CHIP)survey conducted in 2014(CHIP2013)and based on the Brown et al.model,I employ the decomposition analysis in this study.It is found that although both inter-sector differentials and intra-sector differentials affect the gender wage gap,the effect of intra-sector differentials is greater.In addition,in considering the effect of intra-sector differentials,the influence of unexplained differentials is greater than that of explained differentials.The results indicate that when other factors are held constantly,discrimination against female workers in a given sector is more serious,which is the main factor that causes the gender wage gap in urban China.展开更多
Data mining has been successfully applied in many fields to find useful information stored in vast databases. Market segmentation, which segments data into homogenous clusters by using cluster analysis, is among the m...Data mining has been successfully applied in many fields to find useful information stored in vast databases. Market segmentation, which segments data into homogenous clusters by using cluster analysis, is among the most important of the applications in data mining. In this study, we propose a clustering system which integrates particle swarm optimization and honey bee mating optimization methods (PSHBMO). Simulations for a benchmark test function show that our proposed method is better equipped to find the global optimum than other well-known clustering algorithms. Finally, the proposed clustering system is applied to a real-world consumer electronic company to perform market segmentation via the RFM model.展开更多
As a city–county consolidation with Chinese characteristics,China’s countyto-district(CtD)reform transfers a county’s autonomy to a city,thereby strengthening the administrative,decision-making,fiscal and other pow...As a city–county consolidation with Chinese characteristics,China’s countyto-district(CtD)reform transfers a county’s autonomy to a city,thereby strengthening the administrative,decision-making,fiscal and other powers of the prefecture-level municipal government,which effectively enables the centralization of local governments.Based on this exogenous quasi-natural experiment,we use a difference-in-differences(DID)approach to empirically examine the impact of prefecture-level municipal government centralization on companies’ESG performance.The results show that municipal government centralization can significantly promote corporate ESG performance,which represents environmental protection,social responsibility and corporate governance behavior.The mechanism analysis also shows that the CtD reform can address market segmentation,alleviate policy uncertainty and reduce rentseeking,which further improves ESG performance.展开更多
Heavy truck The market trend has recovered since May 2006 and it reported a year on year growth of 30.55 percent by the end of Dec. The result was partly due to the heavy fall in the second half of 2005.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(72074053).
文摘The paper selected Chinese Cruise Line as the case study. Having based on the survey data of Chinese cruise tourism consumers, the factor analysis method, one-way analysis of variances method, cluster analysis method, and other quantitative and qualitative methods were taken to analyze Chinese consumers’ satisfaction differences of cruise tourism service quality with different segmentation markets and clusters markets, and the reasons of satisfaction differences were also explored. Then precision marketing strategy of Chinese cruise tourism with different segmentation markets and clusters markets from the supply-side reform perspective was discussed. The purpose of current research was to provide suggestions of precision management and precision marketing of Chinese cruise tourism for relevant enterprises and government departments.
基金Projects(51208256,51178157)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012-K5-13)supported by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China
文摘This work aimed to explore the switch tendency of bicycle use between cyclists and non-cyclists.The attitude based market segmentation approach was proposed to achieve the research objective.The filed investigations were conducted in Nanjing,China,to obtain travelers' actions and attitudes towards bicycle uses.The structural equation modeling(SEM) was used to identify the attitudinal factors indicating variables and to explore the interrelationships among them.The SEMs were developed separately for the cyclist group and the non-cyclist group.All respondents were clustered into eight distinct segments by six selected attitudinal factors.The mode switch tendency and attitude in each segment is different from others,indicating that different segments have particular policies or strategies to encourage cycling.Policy implications that best serve the potential bicycle users were discussed to reduce the number of cyclists who have high tendency to use other modes,and increase the possibility of using bicycle in the non-cyclists group with the moderate and high switch tendency.
文摘The role of marketing in the transit industry has undergone numerous changes in past morecomplicated. The paper identifies application of market segmentation, including its definition,characteristics, functions and limitations. Its applications in transit system are extensively reviewed,including travel demand analysis, transport policy, transport planning and management, travel pattern and behavior, transit marketing and mode choices, etc.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for CARS-29 and the open funds of the Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology,Ministry of Agriculture,China.
文摘An appropriate optimal number of market segments(ONS)estimation is essential for an enterprise to achieve successful market segmentation,but at present,there is a serious lack of attention to this issue in market segmentation.In our study,an independent adaptive ONS estimation method BWCON-NSDK-means++is proposed by integrating a newinternal validity index(IVI)Between-Within-Connectivity(BWCON)and a newstable clustering algorithmNatural-SDK-means++(NSDK-means++)in a novel way.First,to complete the evaluation dimensions of the existing IVIs,we designed a connectivity formula based on the neighbor relationship and proposed the BWCON by integrating the connectivity with other two commonly considered measures of compactness and separation.Then,considering the stability,number of parameters and clustering performance,we proposed the NSDK-means++to participate in the integrationwhere the natural neighbor was used to optimize the initial cluster centers(ICCs)determination strategy in the SDK-means++.At last,to ensure the objectivity of the estimatedONS,we designed a BWCON-based ONS estimation framework that does not require the user to set any parameters in advance and integrated the NSDK-means++into this framework forming a practical ONS estimation tool BWCON-NSDK-means++.The final experimental results showthat the proposed BWCONand NSDK-means++are significantlymore suitable than their respective existing models to participate in the integration for determining theONS,and the proposed BWCON-NSDK-means++is demonstrably superior to the BWCON-KMA,BWCONMBK,BWCON-KM++,BWCON-RKM++,BWCON-SDKM++,BWCON-Single linkage,BWCON-Complete linkage,BWCON-Average linkage and BWCON-Ward linkage in terms of the ONS estimation.Moreover,as an independentmarket segmentation tool,the BWCON-NSDK-means++also outperforms the existing models with respect to the inter-market differentiation and sub-market size.
基金the Socio-Environmental Research Lab(SERL)at Texas A&M UniversityTexas Agri Life Research for their support of this research
文摘This paper examined visitors to Bukhansan National Park in Korea based on first-time and repeat visitation. Bukhansan National Park is Korea's most heavily visited national park with annual visitation of six million visitors in 2015. Data used in this article were collected on-site in the park in 2007 and 2013 by the Korea National Park Service(KNPS).The study variables included socio-demographics,travel behavior, motivation, and satisfaction with park attributes, services and facilities. Data were analyzed by each study year for first-time and repeat visitors.Results showed significant differences for both firsttime and repeat visitors on several socio-demographic,travel behavior, and motivation variables within each study year. For satisfaction with park attributes,facilities and services, first-time visitors were significantly different from repeat visitors on seven variables for both years. Implications are given regarding programs and services to improve visitor satisfaction and sustain the natural, cultural and historical resources at Bukhansan National Park and other national parks in Korea. Future research suggestions are provided to learn more about visitor characteristics, standards of quality and preferences in the national parks.
基金This research is supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI(Grand Number JP16K03611)the project fund of Joint Usage and Research Center,Institute of Economic Research,Hitotsubashi University。
文摘This paper explores the labour market segmentation by ownership type and its impact on the gender wage gap in urban China.Using the latest data of the China Household Income Project(CHIP)survey conducted in 2014(CHIP2013)and based on the Brown et al.model,I employ the decomposition analysis in this study.It is found that although both inter-sector differentials and intra-sector differentials affect the gender wage gap,the effect of intra-sector differentials is greater.In addition,in considering the effect of intra-sector differentials,the influence of unexplained differentials is greater than that of explained differentials.The results indicate that when other factors are held constantly,discrimination against female workers in a given sector is more serious,which is the main factor that causes the gender wage gap in urban China.
文摘Data mining has been successfully applied in many fields to find useful information stored in vast databases. Market segmentation, which segments data into homogenous clusters by using cluster analysis, is among the most important of the applications in data mining. In this study, we propose a clustering system which integrates particle swarm optimization and honey bee mating optimization methods (PSHBMO). Simulations for a benchmark test function show that our proposed method is better equipped to find the global optimum than other well-known clustering algorithms. Finally, the proposed clustering system is applied to a real-world consumer electronic company to perform market segmentation via the RFM model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.T2293773 and No.T2293770).
文摘As a city–county consolidation with Chinese characteristics,China’s countyto-district(CtD)reform transfers a county’s autonomy to a city,thereby strengthening the administrative,decision-making,fiscal and other powers of the prefecture-level municipal government,which effectively enables the centralization of local governments.Based on this exogenous quasi-natural experiment,we use a difference-in-differences(DID)approach to empirically examine the impact of prefecture-level municipal government centralization on companies’ESG performance.The results show that municipal government centralization can significantly promote corporate ESG performance,which represents environmental protection,social responsibility and corporate governance behavior.The mechanism analysis also shows that the CtD reform can address market segmentation,alleviate policy uncertainty and reduce rentseeking,which further improves ESG performance.
文摘Heavy truck The market trend has recovered since May 2006 and it reported a year on year growth of 30.55 percent by the end of Dec. The result was partly due to the heavy fall in the second half of 2005.