Fusing PLSA model and Markov random fields for automatic image annotation

A novel image auto-annotation method is presented based on probabilistic latent semantic analysis(PLSA) model and multiple Markov random fields(MRF).A PLSA model with asymmetric modalities is first constructed to estimate the joint probability between images and semantic concepts,then a subgraph is extracted served as the corresponding structure of Markov random fields and inference over it is performed by the iterative conditional modes so as to capture the final annotation for the image.The novelty of our method mainly lies in two aspects:exploiting PLSA to estimate the joint probability between images and semantic concepts as well as multiple MRF to further explore the semantic context among keywords for accurate image annotation.To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach,an experiment on the Corel5 k dataset is conducted and its results are compared favorably with the current state-of-the-art approaches.

Modified Maximum Likelihood Estimation of the Spatial Resolution for the Elliptical Gamma Camera SPECT Imaging Using Binary Inhomogeneous Markov Random Fields Models

In this work a complete approach for estimation of the spatial resolution for the gamma camera imaging based on the [1] is analyzed considering where the body distance is detected (close or far way). The organ of interest most of the times is not well defined, so in that case it is appropriate to use elliptical camera detection instead of circular. The image reconstruction is presented which allows spatially varying amounts of local smoothing. An inhomogeneous Markov random field (M.r.f.) model is described which allows spatially varying degrees of smoothing in the reconstructions and a re-parameterization is proposed which implicitly introduces a local correlation structure in the smoothing parameters using a modified maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) denoted as one step late (OSL) introduced by [2].

Optimization by Estimation of Distribution with DEUM Framework Based on Markov Random Fields

This paper presents a Markov random field （MRP） approach to estimating and sampling the probability distribution in populations of solutions. The approach is used to define a class of algorithms under the general heading distribution estimation using Markov random fields （DEUM）. DEUM is a subclass of estimation of distribution algorithms （EDAs） where interaction between solution variables is represented as an undirected graph and the joint probability of a solution is factorized as a Gibbs distribution derived from the structure of the graph. The focus of this paper will be on describing the three main characteristics of DEUM framework, which distinguishes it from the traditional EDA. They are： 1） use of MRF models, 2） fitness modeling approach to estimating the parameter of the model and 3） Monte Carlo approach to sampling from the model.

基于Markov随机场模型的数字X光图像自适应增强算法

为明确X光图像纹理粗细和组织分布状况,强化呈现身体结构信息,降低模糊图像对医生诊断病情结果的错误判断,提出一种基于Markov随机场模型的数字X光图像自适应增强算法.该算法首先统计X光图像全部范围内相同亮度像素,利用直方图均衡化法将原始图像变换成灰度级分布影像,消除光线干扰;然后分析组织属性,通过灰度共生矩阵提取X光图像的纹理特征,获取图像纹理粗细和布局结构的灰度信息;最后通过映射函数和对数函数计算平均亮度,用Markov随机场模型调整图像明暗度,补充纹理细小部位亮度,再用随机场函数划分光滑图像,采取二次重构,以保证图像锐化增强效果平衡.仿真实验结果表明,该算法能提升图像的内部信息清晰度.

CLOUD IMAGE DETECTION BASED ON MARKOV RANDOM FIELD

In order to overcome the disadvantages of low accuracy rate, high complexity and poor robustness to image noise in many traditional algorithms of cloud image detection, this paper proposed a novel algorithm on the basis of Markov Random Field (MRF) modeling. This paper first defined algorithm model and derived the core factors affecting the performance of the algorithm, and then, the solving of this algorithm was obtained by the use of Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm and Iterated Conditional Modes (ICM) algorithm. Finally, experiments indicate that this algorithm for the cloud image detection has higher average accuracy rate which is about 98.76% and the average result can also reach 96.92% for different type of image noise.

Magnetic-resonance image segmentation based on improved variable weight multi-resolution Markov random field in undecimated complex wavelet domain

To solve the problem that the magnetic resonance(MR)image has weak boundaries,large amount of information,and low signal-to-noise ratio,we propose an image segmentation method based on the multi-resolution Markov random field(MRMRF)model.The algorithm uses undecimated dual-tree complex wavelet transformation to transform the image into multiple scales.The transformed low-frequency scale histogram is used to improve the initial clustering center of the K-means algorithm,and then other cluster centers are selected according to the maximum distance rule to obtain the coarse-scale segmentation.The results are then segmented by the improved MRMRF model.In order to solve the problem of fuzzy edge segmentation caused by the gray level inhomogeneity of MR image segmentation under the MRMRF model,it is proposed to introduce variable weight parameters in the segmentation process of each scale.Furthermore,the final segmentation results are optimized.We name this algorithm the variable-weight multi-resolution Markov random field(VWMRMRF).The simulation and clinical MR image segmentation verification show that the VWMRMRF algorithm has high segmentation accuracy and robustness,and can accurately and stably achieve low signal-to-noise ratio,weak boundary MR image segmentation.

Reservoir lithology stochastic simulation based on Markov random fields

Markov random fields(MRF) have potential for predicting and simulating petroleum reservoir facies more accurately from sample data such as logging, core data and seismic data because they can incorporate interclass relationships. While, many relative studies were based on Markov chain, not MRF, and using Markov chain model for 3D reservoir stochastic simulation has always been the difficulty in reservoir stochastic simulation. MRF was proposed to simulate type variables(for example lithofacies) in this work. Firstly, a Gibbs distribution was proposed to characterize reservoir heterogeneity for building 3-D(three-dimensional) MRF. Secondly, maximum likelihood approaches of model parameters on well data and training image were considered. Compared with the simulation results of MC(Markov chain), the MRF can better reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of sand body.

Model building for Chang-8 low permeability sandstone reservoir in the Yanchang formation of the Xifeng oil field

In order to build a model for the Chang-8 low permeability sandstone reservoir in the Yanchang formation of the Xifeng oil field,we studied sedimentation and diagenesis of sandstone and analyzed major factors controlling this low permeability reservoir.By doing so,we have made clear that the spatial distribution of reservoir attribute parameters is controlled by the spatial distribution of various kinds of sandstone bodies.By taking advantage of many coring wells and high quality logging data,we used regression analysis for a single well with geological conditions as constraints,to build the interpretation model for logging data and to calculate attribute parameters for a single well,which ensured accuracy of the 1-D vertical model.On this basis,we built a litho-facies model to replace the sedimentary facies model.In addition,we also built a porosity model by using a sequential Gaussian simulation with the lithofacies model as the constraint.In the end,we built a permeability model by using Markov-Bayes simula-tion,with the porosity attribute as the covariate.The results show that the permeability model reflects very well the relative differences between low permeability values,which is of great importance for locating high permeability zones and forecasting zones favorable for exploration and exploitation.

IMAGE SEGMENTATION BASED ON MARKOV RANDOM FIELD AND WATERSHED TECHNIQUES

This paper presented a method that incorporates Markov Random Field(MRF), watershed segmentation and merging techniques for performing image segmentation and edge detection tasks. MRF is used to obtain an initial estimate of x regions in the image under process where in MRF model, gray level x , at pixel location i , in an image X , depends on the gray levels of neighboring pixels. The process needs an initial segmented result. An initial segmentation is got based on K means clustering technique and the minimum distance, then the region process in modeled by MRF to obtain an image contains different intensity regions. Starting from this we calculate the gradient values of that image and then employ a watershed technique. When using MRF method it obtains an image that has different intensity regions and has all the edge and region information, then it improves the segmentation result by superimpose closed and an accurate boundary of each region using watershed algorithm. After all pixels of the segmented regions have been processed, a map of primitive region with edges is generated. Finally, a merge process based on averaged mean values is employed. The final segmentation and edge detection result is one closed boundary per actual region in the image.

Segmentation of MS lesions using entropy-based EM algorithm and Markov random fields

This paper presents an approach for fully automatic segmentation of MS lesions in fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. The proposed method estimates a gaussian mixture model with three kernels as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), normal tissue and Multiple Sclerosis lesions. To estimate this model, an automatic Entropy based EM algorithm is used to find the best estimated Model. Then, Markov random field (MRF) model and EM algorithm are utilized to obtain and upgrade the class conditional probability density function and the apriori probability of each class. After estimation of Model parameters and apriori probability, brain tissues are classified using bayesian classification. To evaluate the result of the proposed method, similarity criteria of different slices related to 20 MS patients are calculated and compared with other methods which include manual segmentation. Also, volume of segmented lesions are computed and compared with gold standard using correlation coefficient. The proposed method has better performance in comparison with previous works which are reported here.

一种基于TV模型结合MRF的图像修复算法

在图像修复的算法模型中,全变分TV(total variation)模型对于结构性强的图像拥有较好的修复效果,但对于图像纹理和边缘细节部分修复效果较不理想。而马尔可夫随机场(MRF)下FOE模型采用的邻域相关的系统方法在图像细节纹理修复方面有着出色的表现。故提出一种将两种模型结合的TV-FOE模型用于图像的修复,通过引进混合比例参数,使得改进的模型既能在保证对图像结构层次的修复效果,又能对图像纹理方面拥有很好的复原效果。将其与分别采用TV模型和FOE模型以及其他修复效果较好的算法进行对比,采用客观量化指标峰值信噪比(PSNR)、均方差(MSE)和像素差别图像进行分析、比较,量化结果证明所提出的TV-FOE模型对于破损图像拥有精度更高的修复效果。

城市实景模型结构化线面特征重构方法

为了改善城市实景模型边缘模糊,提出了一种曲率引导的结构化线面特征重构方法。根据曲率特征将网格分割为平面、可展凹、可展凸以及不可展曲面4类,在平面分割结果内提取平面,在可展凹和可展凸分割结果内提取直线,对过度弯曲的不可展区域进行保留,最终形成包含几何特征的复合网格模型。结果表明,结合曲率信息预先设置几何特征的潜在范围,使得结构化线面特征更可靠,同时保证城市实景中复杂的树结构不被错误地提取为平面。

基于复小波域树结构化MRF模型的声纳图像分割

声纳图像受成像环境影响对比度低,特性信息较弱,且图像分辨率不高,用传统的分割方法效果较差,为此,构建了双树复小波域树结构化的MRF模型(TS-MRF),提出了基于此模型的声纳图像分割算法。双树复小波变换(DT-CWT)具有近似平移不变性和良好的方向选择性,其多分辨率分析能有效地提取声纳图像的弱特征信息,以便TS-MRF中节点参数的描述能准确地反映树结构的分布规律和图像统计特性;复小波域6个方向高频子带相互独立,尺度间父子节点标号具有一阶Markov性;尺度内构建TS-MRF模型,且每一节点标号依赖于父节点,采用Potts模型对节点标号势函数建模,相同标号的观测特征用高斯模型建模;最后,用多分辨率递归和每一分辨率分类层次树从顶层向底层的尺度内递归算法来求解最大后验概率,实现分类层次树标号,完成声纳图像分割。实验结果从视觉效果和定量分析两方面验证表明,本文算法能有效地抑制噪声,较好地提取声纳图像的弱特征信息,具有较高的分割精度和鲁棒性。

联合形态滤波和MRF模型的红外小目标检测

针对复杂背景下红外弱小目标检测难题,提出一种基于自适应形态滤波和Markov随机场(MRF)模型的小目标检测算法。设计基于图像局部熵优化的自适应形态滤波器,采用该滤波器进行背景杂波抑制和目标增强,利用MRF理论描述图像像素间关系,构造新的势函数和能量函数,建立目标检测识别模型,通过模型计算自动识别出红外图像中的小目标。理论分析和实验结果表明,该算法可在复杂背景下自适应地抑制背景杂波,成功检测出红外小目标。

基于生成MRF和局部统计特性的红外弱小目标检测算法

红外复杂背景中的弱小目标检测问题可看作是马尔可夫随机场理论框架下红外图像中背景与目标的二元分类标记问题.基于马尔可夫随机场后验概率模型,提出利用先验的目标信杂比信息和图像局部统计特性构建观测图像后验概率模型的方法,并采用经典ICM(Iterated conditional mode)方法对图像最优标记结果进行估计.仿真试验结果表明,算法在保证目标标记结果准确率的同时,有效降低了背景的误标记概率;且由于采用局部统计特性进行建模,算法有效降低了模型参数与标记结果间的关联性,提高了最优标记估计的收敛速度.

基于MRF模型的NSCT域SAR图像分割

针对复杂背景下的合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的分割问题,提出一种基于非降采样Contourlet变换(NSCT)域马尔可夫(MRF)模型的算法。该算法综合利用了MRF模型在影像分割中的优势和图像的多分辨率描述的信息,采用高斯混合模型建模各个尺度的特征场,Potts模型建模各个尺度的标记场,大尺度的分割结果直接投影到小尺度上,作为分割的初始结果。实验部分与经典的阈值分割算法和马尔可夫分割算法进行比较、分析,结果表明该算法可准确地分割目标,同时保留目标的细节信息。

基于小波域TS-MRF模型的监督图像分割方法

定义在单一空间分辨率上的树结构马尔可夫场(Tree-Structured Markov Random Field,TS-MRF)模型能够表达图像的分层结构信息,但难以描述图像的非平稳性.针对该问题,提出小波域的TS-MRF图像建模方法—WTS-MRF模型.按照图像分类层次树的结构形式,该模型将一系列的MRF嵌套定义在多分辨率的小波域中:每一个树节点对应于定义在不同分辨率上的一个MRF集合,并通过条件概率的形式将相邻分辨率上的MRF间的作用关系考虑进来;同时相同分辨率的父子节点对应的MRF通过区域约束嵌套定义.基于WTS-MRF模型,给出了一个监督图像分割的递归算法,通过给定的分类层次树表示先验信息,并通过训练数据给出叶子节点在各分辨率上的统计参数.它在尺度内和尺度间两个层次上进行递归:首先,在最低分辨率上执行尺度内递归,即采用ICM算法从树的根节点到叶子节点依次对MRF进行递归估计;然后执行尺度间递归,即在相邻的更高分辨率尺度上,通过直接投影的方式依次获取每一MRF的初始估计,并采用ICM算法递归优化;最后,原始分辨率的MRF估计完成,获取最终分割结果.两组实验从视觉效果和定量指标(整体分类正确率和Kappa系数)两个方面验证了算法的有效性.

基于分层MRF模型的抗抖动视频分割算法

提出了一种新的抗摄像机频繁抖动的视频分割算法.采用分层马尔可夫随机场(MRF)模型对视频各帧图像进行多分辨率建模,利用视频序列中帧图像的空间关系来提高分割的准确性,通过Gibbs采样算法求得最大后验概率(MAP),从而实现在摄像机抖动情况下对视频目标的准确分割.在强光、多目标以及复杂背景等情况下对视频序列的车辆目标进行分割.经过实验对比,新算法的分割效果明显优于背景累积相减分割算法以及高斯混合模型方法.

基于改进MRF模型SAR图像变化检测研究

合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像变化检测可以应用于国民经济和国防建设的很多领域。现有的SAR图像变化检测算法大都仅仅考虑不同图像的单一像素信息,未考虑图像像素间的空间依赖关系,变化检测结果易受图像噪声的影响,检测效果很不理想。将马尔科夫随机场(MRF)模型引入到SAR图像变化检测算法中,可以充分利用图像像素间的空间依赖关系,提高检测精度,但检测效率较低。为了提高检测效率,文中提出基于双阈值的MRF模型SAR图像变化检测算法。实验结果表明,该算法不仅得到很高的检测精度,而且极大地提高了检测效率。

基于MAR-MRF的SAR图像分割方法

该文提出了一种基于多尺度自回归模型和马尔科夫随机场的SAR图像分割算法。算法引入多尺度自回归模型,建立层与层之间以及相邻层的像素点之间的数学关系,并将此模型与马尔科夫分割算法结合,实现了更为合理的多尺度分割策略。通过相邻尺度的依赖关系及同一尺度空间的马尔可夫性,使用多尺度自回归模型的预测结果来引导精细尺度图像分割,不仅使得最细尺度下的分割迭代次数减少;而且去除了最细尺度下多余的误分类斑块;同时还能够分割出清晰、平滑的目标边界,实现了较满意的SAR图像分割。