World Industrial Revolutions and the Development of Artificial Intelligence System

The objective-scientific conclusions obtained from the researches conducted in various fields of science prove that era and worldview are in unity and are phenomena that determine one another,and era and worldview are the most important phenomena in the understanding of geniuses,historical events,including personalities who have left a mark on the history of politics,and every individual as a whole.And it is appropriate to briefly consider the problem in the context of human and personality factors.It is known that man has tried to understand natural phenomena since the beginning of time.Contact with the material world naturally affects his consciousness and even his subconscious as he solves problems that are important or useful for human life.During this understanding,the worldview changes and is formed.Thus,depending on the material and moral development of all spheres of life,the content and essence of the progress events,as the civilizations replaced each other in different periods,the event of periodization took place and became a system.If we take Europe,the people of the Ice Age of 300,000 years ago,who engaged in hunting to solve their hunger needs,in other words,the age of dinosaurs,have spread to many parts of the world from Africa,where they lived in order to survive and meet more of their daily needs.The extensive integration of agricultural Ice Age People into the Earth included farming,fishing,animal husbandry,hunting,as well as handicrafts,etc.,and has led to the revolutionary development of the fields.As economic activities led these first inhabitants of the planet from caves to less comfortable shelters,then to good houses,then to palaces,labor activities in various occupations,including crafts,developed rapidly.Thus,the fads of the era who differed from the crowd(later this class will be called personalities,geniuses...-Kh.G.)began to appear.If we approach the issue from the point of view of history,we witness that the world view determines the development in different periods.This idea can be expressed in such a way that each period can be considered to have developed or experienced a crisis according to the level of worldview.In this direction of our thoughts,the question arises:So,what is the phenomenon of worldview of this era-XXI century?Based on the general content of the current events,characterized as the globalization stage of the modern world,we can say that the outlook of the historical stage we live in is based on the achievements of the last stage of the industrial revolution.In this article,by analyzing the history of the artificial intelligence system during the world industrial revolutions,we will study both the concept of progress of the industrial revolutions and the progressive and at the same time regressive development of the artificial intelligence system.

Fourth Industrial Revolution: A Readiness Assessment of Project Managers in Tanzania

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is transforming the way we live, learn, work, and relate to one another. However, there is still an awareness inadequacy of the 4IR among project managers and the society in Tanzania, thus low readiness to conceptualize, implement and manage 4IR-related projects in the country. This study aimed to assess the 4IR readiness of project managers in Tanzania. The assessment is made in the frame of 4 readiness dimensions: strategy and governance structure, technology awareness, human capital digital skills development, and social-economic impact. The research used a quantitative method with the diffusion of innovations theory perspective, and data were collected mainly through an online survey questionnaire. The survey aimed at answering the research question concerning the project managers’ readiness for the 4IR. The 50 valid samples were completed by project managers from various industries such as agriculture, finance, consulting, construction, education and training, government, healthcare, Information Technology, and manufacturing. Data were analysed using SPSS. The results revealed that despite the generally low awareness of 4IR, several project managers in Tanzania have some varying awareness of 4IR technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), data analytics, blockchain, robotics, cryptocurrency, chatbots, drones, and other digital transformation platforms. The results also indicated that project managers in Tanzania had little extent in readiness to initiate, develop and implement 4IR products and services due to inadequate 4IR-related awareness, strategy and governance structure, human capital digital skills development, and social economic impact. Consequently, some recommendations are made in the frame of the four assessed readiness dimensions for improvement. The value of this research is mainly to provide the state of 4IR readiness of project managers and associated recommendations to policymakers, practitioners, academia, donors, business industry and youth in digital innovation. The study also contributes to the body of knowledge on 4IR, project management and digital transformation.

The Usefulness of the Artificial Intelligence Data in Analyzing the Skin in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

In the World economy forum Global Challenge Insight Report titled “The Future of Jobs-Employment, Skills and Workforce Strategy for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIR) in 2016”, a new industrial revolution was predicted to occur in the near future. This is followed by the opinion that it would be mandatory to prepare for the FIR because it will definitely change people’s way of working, consuming and thinking. There is a controversy as to the potential of AI in health care. To date, however, remarkable achievements have been made in the field of medicine, particularly entailing dermatology. Therefore, this study explored the usefulness of the AI data in analyzing the skin in the era of the FIR. The current study finally included a total of 300 subjects, for whom a self-reporting questionnaire survey was performed between June 09 and July 18, 2020. The current study proposed the following hypothesis: The AI data might be useful in analyzing the skin in the era of the FIR. This hypothesis was accepted. In conclusion, the current study suggests that the AI data might be useful in analyzing the skin in the era of the FIR. But this deserves further study.

Education and the Fourth Industrial Revolution:Lessons from COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted educators to rethink educational practices,especially with regard to technology.The COVID-19 pandemic is a huge challenge to education systems around the world.This Viewpoint offers guidance to teachers,institutional heads,and officials on addressing the crisis.This study investigated technology use in teaching during the COVID-19 lockdown inMalaysia,focusing on technology-based teaching methods,modifications necessitated by this new teaching style,and challenges teachers faced when using technology.Using purposive sampling,a qualitative study was undertaken with a sample of 10 English language teachers from Arabic schools in Malaysia.The results indicated that a digital leap occurred in education during the COVID-19 lockdown because teachers had to quickly adapt to a more technology-based teaching style.The challenges teachers faced included managing virtual classes,ensuring reliable Internet connections,overcoming a lack of preparedness and low digital competence,and dealing with students’mental health.Such changes in teaching methods have created new roles for teachers while also increasing their acceptance of e-learning and remote learning.The contribution of this research is to provide a holistic picture of remote education activities during the pandemic period to establish a linkage between the online teaching-learning process during the COVID-19 outbreak as to ensure the resumption of teaching-learning education as a normal course of procedure in the education system.Despite the human suffering brought by the pandemic,the new norms of education during COVID-19 generally have some pockets of excellence to drive the education into the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Coronavirus Pandemic and the Coming Disruptions in the Global Economy:Insights From Jeremy Rifkin’s Theory of Third Industrial Revolution

As the coronavirus pandemic spreads through the continents,it has dramatically disrupted everything in the global economy from stock markets and supply chains to oil and food prices,and in seeking to restrict the spread of COVID-19,governments are shutting down whole commercial sectors which could cause a huge recession in some countries as the United Nations have already warned.All these new circumstances have raised again the fundamental questions about the future of our global economy.Therefore,this paper has tried to make sense of how the post-pandemic global economy would look like by shedding light on Jeremy Rifkin’s theory of the new industrial revolution and the coming disruption in the global market.

Project Planning and Scheduling in the Face of the Fourth Industrial Revolution(4IR)

This paper addresses the integrated processes of planning and scheduling of projects using technologies advanced tools as means for managing change in the era of the 4IR.The paper explores the traditional project management planning and scheduling tools in conjunction with what technology has to offer,to bridge the gap between the traditional project management planning and scheduling tools and what the modern-day business market demands.An analysis of literature covering a wide range of theoretic and empirical studies was performed.The theories underlying various planning and scheduling methods were analysed in relation to the design of projects.A descriptive quantitative secondary data was used as a tool to assess the impact of technology on project planning for scheduling.The analysis of the study’s data was conducted using the principles of cross-tabulation.Inferences were drawn on the significant impact of the use of advanced technological tools on project planning for scheduling in current business time.Organisations can make use of the findings of this study to correctly apply the available advanced technological tools for more efficient schedule management planning to enhance the successful delivery of their projects.Further,this research can be used to provide learning opportunities for new and inexperienced planners and schedulers,and as a basis for further research in this field of knowledge.

Post Corona Virus and 4th Industrial Revolution

The two apparent issues,Corona effect and 4th industrial revolution,are seemed to be totally irrelevant but can point out numerous similarities.Why and how?We may be able to point out how without any difficulty,but no one can identify why.This article starts with how first then mumble around why with no confirmed conclusion.The only concluding remark may be“It is a Historian’s duty,not the engineers nor scientists”.For Corona virus,the major catch phrase is“Separation”,physically and mentally,which can be related to the 4th industrial revolution,which this article foresees and no confirmation on“what will happen next”.

Fourth Industrial Revolution:Technological Drivers,Impacts and Coping Methods

The world is marching into a new development period when the digital technology,physical technology,and biological technology have achieved an unprecedented development respectively in their own fields,and at the same time their applications are converging greatly.These are the three major technological drivers for the Fourth Industrial Revolution.This paper discusses the specific technology niches of each kind technological driver behind the Fourth Industrial Revolution,and then evaluates impacts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on global industrial,economic,and social development.At last this paper proposes possible measures and policies for both firms and governments to cope with the changes brought by the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

The New Industrial Revolution, Global Governance Reshaping and Multilateralism

Currently,a new industrial revolution characterized by artificial intelligence,the internet of things,and digitalization is in a critical transition from initiation to allaround expansion.While injecting new dynamism into global economic growth,and promoting inclusive development and human welfare,the new industrial revolution will reshape the pattern of international competition,and provide a window period for latemoving countries to compete and catch up with developed nations.Amid the shocks of the new industrial revolution,countries must adhere to the principles of openness,multilateralism and reciprocity to share the dividends of the new industrial revolution and effectively cope with its challenges.Therefore,multilateralism,rather than protectionism and unilateralism,should dominate the mainstream of change in future global governance.The reform of existing multilateral organizations such as the World Trade Organization(WTO)must proceed under the principle of multilateralism.

Evolution of energy and metal demand driven by industrial revolutions and its trend analysis

Industrial revolutions have a profound impact on energy and metal demand.Based on technological improvement,industrial transformation,and changes of energy and metal consumption in the United States,this paper identified the evolution characteristics of energy and metal demand driven by industrial revolutions,and analyzed the trends of energy and metal demand driven by the fourth industrial revolution which is happening currently.Results indicated that fossil fuels were the major energy sources which boosted up the past three industrial revolutions,whereas their consumption increased at a slowing pace as the economy was growing continually;after the third industrial revolution,the consumption of fossil fuels decoupled gradually with the economic growth.As the industrial structure transformed as the industrial revolutions went on,more and more metals were used in the industries,and the consumption of different metals showed different trends.In recent years,a new technological revolution has surged mainly driven by the overall application of new information technologies.The technological advance in information,new energies,new materials,etc.,will speed up the industrial transformation and exert a deep effect on the demand of energy and metals.It can be inferred that the ratio of clean,non-polluting,renewable energy will rise while the ratio of fossil fuels will drop in the energy demand,and the demand of rare metals will perhaps enter a fast-growing period,while the demand of traditional bulk metals will fluctuate at mid-high levels.Following the new industrial revolution,China should adopt an energy transition strategy of developing low-carbon and free-carbon technologies simultaneously,reinforce the domestic and international metal supply system with the aim of enhancing global governance capability,strengthen the deep development of rich rare metals and broaden the overseas supply channels of scare rare metals.

Constructionist Learning in School Mathematics:Implications for Education in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Highlights Amid rapid technological development in the Fourth Industrial Revolution,this article engages with an important question,especially in the context of science,technology,engineering,and mathematics(STEM)education:Can technology transform STEM teaching and learning?

New Industrial Revolution and Environmental Protection

Serious environmental problems have appeared in China since the rapid economic growth 30 years ago, which affect human’s health and become a limiting factor for further development. It has brought about the rethinking of traditional ways for economy development and environmental protection, and realized that the change in the model of development and environment protection is of significance. A new industrial revolution is needed for protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development. This paper discusses the characteristics of the new industrial revolution for sustainable development including cleaner production, circular economy, and industrial ecology. Lessons from China and abroad will be introduced to prove that new strategies for environment protection and economic development are needed.

The new industrial revolution and industrial upgrading in China:achievements and challenges

One recent development in the area of manufacturing is the New Industrial Revolution(NIR).This paper examines the contours shaping the NIR,and analyses the challenges facing China in its pursuit to achieve technological parity with advanced nations.China’s economic rise is strongly associated with its ascending the technology ladder.The country is now the world’s workshop.As the labourintensive strategy based on cheap labour has run up against its limits,policy makers have devised plans that focus on industrial upgrading,promote indigenous innovations and establish national brands.This way China would avoid the middle-income trap and eventually become an innovative powerhouse.

Industrial Revolution 4.0 in Some Countries Experiences and Lessons for Vietnam

The world has experienced 3 Industrial Revolutions.Right now,we are at the beginning of the 4th Industrial Revolution.4.0 Revolution is based on the digital revolution,characterized by the increasingly popular internet and mobile,by smaller and more powerful semiconductors at cheaper price and by Artificial Intelligence.Digital technologies with computer hardware,software and networks are becoming more and more complex,more integrated,thus transforming society.Faced with the unprecedented impact of the 4.0 Revolution,depending on the size of the economy and the level of technology,countries around the world have policies to adapt,catch up and take advantage of the achievements of the revolution.This revolution serves the sustainable development of our country.This article summarizes the policies of some countries such as Germany,the United States,Japan,Singapore,Republic of Korea,India,China,Taiwan,...under the impact of the 4.0 Revolution;thereby drawing lessons for Vietnam in the process of implementing the 4.0 Revolution to avoid negative impacts,take advantage of the pre-eminence of the revolution in socio-economic development.

THE NEXT INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:INTEGRATED SERVICES AND GOODS

The outputs or products of an economy can be divided into services products ana gooas products （due to manufacturing, construction, agriculture and mining）. To date, the services and goods products have, for the most part, been separately mass produced. However, in contrast to the first and second industrial revolutions which respectively focused on the development and the mass production of goods, the next - or third - industrial revolution is focused on the integration of services and/or goods; it is beginning in this second decade of the 21st Century. The Third Industrial Revolution （TIR） is based on the confluence of three major technological enablers （i.e., big data analytics, adaptive services and digital manufacturing）; they underpin the integration or mass customization of services and/or goods. As detailed in an earlier paper, we regard mass customization as the simultaneous and real-time management of supply and demand chains, based on a taxonomy that can be defined in terms of its underpinning component and management foci. The benefits of real-time mass customization cannot be over-stated as goods and services become indistinguishable and are co-produced - as ＂servgoods＂ - in real-time, resulting in an overwhelming economic advantage to the industrialized countries where the consuming customers are at the same time the co-producing producers.

Toward the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Real-Time Customization

The outputs of a national economy can be partitioned into three sets of products:tangible goods(due to manufacturing,construction,extraction and agriculture),intangible services(due to an act of useful effort),and an integration of services and goods or,as initially defined by Tien(2012),servgoods.Actually,these products can also be considered in terms of their relation to the first three Industrial Revolutions:the First Industrial Revolution(circa 1800)was primarily focused on the production of goods;the Second Industrial Revolution(circa 1900)was primarily focused on the mass production of goods;and the Third Industrial Revolution(circa 2000)has been primarily focused on the mass customization of goods,services or servgoods.In this follow-up paper,the Third Industrial Revolution of mass customization continues to accelerate in its evolution and,in many respects,is subsuming the earlier Industrial Revolutions of production and mass production.More importantly,with the advent of real-time decision making,artificial intelligence,Internet of Things,mobile networks,and other advanced digital technologies,customization has been extensively enabled,thereby advancing mass customization into a Fourth Industrial Revolution of real-time customization.Moreover,the moral,ethical,security and employment problems associated with both mass and real-time customization must be carefully assessed and mitigated,especially in regard to unintended consequences.Looking ahead and with the advance of artificial general intelligence,this Fourth Industrial Revolution could be forthcoming in about the middle of the 21st Century;it would allow for multiple activities to be simultaneously tackled in real-time and in a customized manner.

Industrial Revolution and the Change of Landscape in Modern England

Based on the analysis of manufacturing landscape, the landscape changes caused by the transportation revolution, and the urban landscape of the newly-developed houses caused by the industrial revolution, the landscape changes in England during the industrial revolution were summarized to fill the research gaps in this field and lay the foundations for relevant research.