The Formation of Marx’s Critical View

Marx’s spirit of pursuing truth,his hatred of exploitation system and sympathy for laborers prompted him to move from the young Hegelian school to fehbaism and eventually to communism,and completed the transformation from idealism to thorough dialectical materialism in the world view.To do so,he constructed his own theoretical system based on criticism and targeted the social practice,providing ideological weapon for the transformation of unreasonable social forms.Thereby,the unit of"critical weapon"and"weapon of criticism"was accomplished historically and logically,fulfilling the construction of his critical view.

Marx's Agricultural Intensive Management Thought and Its Guiding Significance

Through analyzing Marx's agricultural intensive management thought,this paper points out that the existence and development of agricultural management mode experience historical course and the development of agricultural intensification depends on many objective conditions.On the basis of this,it discusses the guiding significance of Marx's agricultural intensive management thought to China's agricultural development.It is required to fully realize basic current situations of China's agriculture,widely popularize agricultural mechanization and electrification,speed up artificial transformation of soil structure,promote chemical application of agriculture,make rational use of water resource,and spread improved seeds.

Marx's Ground Rent Theory and Innovation of China's Urban Land System

China's traditional urban land system is established in highly centralized planned economy. This system negates functions of value law and economic law fundamentally,so it is not favorable for establishment of market mechanism and development of market economy. This study took Marx's ground rent theory as guidance,combined existing problems of China's land use system,and made analysis on innovation of China's urban land system from property right system,land market and land price.

The Construction of a New Translation Ethics from the Perspective of Chinese Philosophy

As a cross-linguistic,cross-cultural,and cross-social activity,translation is affected by cultural moralities.Since the ethical standard of faithfulness has been abandoned by theories of cultural criticism and the power of translators’manipulation has been constantly exaggerated,the study of translation ethics is an effective remedy for a current dilemma in translation studies.It is a common phenomenon for some translators to erase the linguistic and cultural differences of Chinese literature by catering to target readers’reception.Social ethics is the foundation of a nation’s translation ethics,which means that thoughts from the Western world may not be suitable for the current situation in China.Learning from concepts of Chinese philosophy including harmony in diversity,seeking common ground while reserving differences,and honesty to formulate a new translation ethics will surely restrain translators’subjectivity within appropriate limits and develop world culture in more harmonious fashion.

Let's 3G: ZTE's Future-Oriented 3G Philosophy

ZTE Corporation is China's largest listed telecommunication equipment manufacturer and a total solution provider. In the past 20 years ZTE has achieved a very rapid growth while in the past 3 years it attained an average annual growth rate of over 35%. In order to attain a continual growth in the coming years, ZTE is now strengthening up its globalization strategy. As a future-oriented technology, 3G has become the focus. Based on a brief introduction of 3G applications at home and abroad, this paper puts forward ZTE' s 3G development strategy.

Marx’s Alienated Labor Theory

“Alienated labor”came from Marx’s Manuscript of Philosophy and Economics in 1844.This theory was formed on the basis of Marx’s critical inheritance of predecessors’thoughts on alienation and the reality under the capitalist system.It is of great significance to understand the final formation of Marx’s historical materialism.

Marx's Theory of Ground Rent and Nationalization of Land in China

Marx's theory of ground rent is an indispensable part of Marx's economic theory. It is essential to grasp scientific connotation of Marx's theory of ground rent,and actively explore and study theories and policies of socialist ground rent and nationalization of land through combining the certainty of existence of ground rent and actual situations of nationalization of land in China.

Conceptions of Intuition in Poincar6＇s Philosophy of Mathematics

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the identification and characterization of the various types of intuition put forward by Poincar6, taking his texts as a laboratory for looking for what intuition might be. I will stress that these diverse conceptions are mainly formulated in the context of Poincar6＇s controversies in opposition to logicism, to formalism, and in the context of Poincar6＇s very peculiar conventionalism. I will try to demonstrate that, in each case, Poincar~ comes close to a specific tradition （Kant, of course, but also Leibniz and Peirce）.

A Review on the Evolution and Development of Searle＇ s Philosophy of Mind

The evolution and development of Searle’s philosophy of mind can be divided into two important stages,i.e.the origin and beginning stage between 1960sand 1970s,the formation and development stage since 1980s.Searle’s Speech Act Theory started the research on philosophy of mind,which is considered as the origin of his philosophy of mind.The Theories of Intentionality and Chinese Room Argument are the most important and most influential academic findings in his research in the field of philosophy of mind,which lay a solid theoretical foundation for the formation and development of his theories of philosophy of mind.Searle’s philosophy of mind finds wide prospect in the research field,which provides a new direction to understand the world and probe into mind,proposes a new perspective and methodology for the study of language,and promotes the new development of the study of language.

The Physical Laws and Mathematical Axioms of the Brain’s OS and the Traditional Fundamental Laws of Thought of Logic and Philosophy

This article presents four (4) additions to a book on the brain’s OS published by SciRP in 2015 [1]. It is a kind of appendix to the book. Some familiarity with the earlier book is presupposed. The book itself proposes a complete physical and mathematical blueprint of the brain’s OS. A first addition to the book (see Chapters 5 to 10 below) concerns the relation between the afore-mentioned blueprint and the more than 2000-year-old so-called fundamental laws of thought of logic and philosophy, which came to be viewed as being three (3) in number, namely the laws of 1) Identity, 2) Contradiction, and 3) the Excluded Middle. The blueprint and the laws cannot both be the final foundation of the brain’s OS. The design of the present paper is to interpret the laws in strictly mathematical terms in light of the blueprint. This addition constitutes the bulk of the present article. Chapters 5 to 8 set the stage. Chapters 9 and 10 present a detailed mathematical analysis of the laws. A second addition to the book (Chapter 11) concerns the distinction between the laws and the axioms of the brain’s OS. Laws are part of physics. Axioms are part of mathematics. Since the theory of the brain’s OS involves both physics and mathematics, it exhibits both laws and axioms. A third addition (Chapter 12) to the book involves an additional flavor of digitality in the brain’s OS. In the book, there are five (5). But brain chemistry requires a sixth. It will be called Existence Digitality. A fourth addition (Chapter 13) concerns reflections on the role of imagination in theories of physics in light of the ignorance of deeper causes. Chapters 1 to 4 present preliminary matter, for the most part a brief survey of general concepts derived from what is in the book [1]. Some historical notes are gathered at the end in Chapter 14.

现代西方历史哲学的康德式疑难与维柯——马克思的历史科学解答

现代西方历史哲学有着思辨的历史哲学和批判的历史哲学两大理论传统。这两大传统在某种意义上可以被视为康德的批判哲学在历史领域的重演:前者涉及历史作为形而上学是否可能的问题;后者涉及历史作为经验科学如何可能的问题。它们各自所遭遇的问题甚至也是康德式的:思辨的历史哲学遭遇的是理性在超验领域面临的辩证幻象问题;批判的历史哲学遭遇的是知性在经验领域面临的自在之物问题。要化解现代西方历史哲学所遭遇的康德式疑难,就应当回到维柯-马克思的历史科学传统,重演历史哲学的批判议程,从而给出合理性的回应或解答。

马克思哲学的“自我证成难题”与马克思思想的哲学维度

马克思的思想理论体系中是否存在着哲学维度,是一个充满争议的问题,而马克思哲学的“自我证成难题”构成这一争议的焦点。如何回应马克思哲学的“自我证成难题”,对阐明马克思思想的哲学维度具有特殊重要的意义。为此,我们需要澄清并深入分析马克思哲学的“反哲学”和“非哲学”的真实所指,并从马克思关于哲学与生活实践的辩证关系的变革性理解出发,把握马克思思想的哲学维度。只有这样,我们才能为马克思思想体系中哲学的合法性提供根本性辩护,并彰显其哲学观独特的当代意义。

马克思实践哲学视域下教育家精神的内在意蕴和践行路径

习近平总书记提出的教育家精神,完整阐述了中国特有的教育家精神的核心要义和实践要求,建构了新时代教师应该具备的集体人格和精神风貌,是对教师职业素养、精神和能力的凝练与升华。立足马克思实践哲学视域,认为教育的过程,是马克思实践哲学“实践、认识、再实践、再认识的循环往复”之生动体现和现实检验。对教育特质进行分析,提出教育过程是主观与客观、主体与客体统一,是实践与认识统一,是真理尺度与价值尺度统一的过程;在此基础上,探究了教育家精神的内在意蕴:教育家精神源起的客观实在性、教育家精神形成的主观能动性、教育家精神提出的社会历史性。进而从保持从业初心和情怀、从业水平和能力、从业品格和素养的认识与实践等三个层面提供了教育家精神的践行路径。

新时代劳动教育的感性维度探析--基于马克思劳动哲学的视角

劳动教育具有树德、增智、强体、育美的综合育人价值,是人之成长的必要途径,构建大中小学劳动教育体系是新时代党对劳动教育提出的新要求。当前存在的不珍惜劳动成果、不想劳动与不会劳动的现象集中反映出劳动教育的弱化与困境。其中的根本症结在于当前劳动教育中对劳动教育感性维度的遗忘,即忽视了劳动作为一种感性活动,它是人与世界打交道的原初方式、是人的生命自我实现的基本方式、是人追求自由的根本途径。因此,摆脱劳动教育困境的出路就在于唤醒感性在劳动教育中的作用。新时代劳动教育立足于感性维度,将劳动教育的开展融入人们的日常生活,坚持劳动教育与劳动生产相结合,从而全面提升人的劳动价值意识、劳动精神面貌及劳动技能水平。

《博士论文》与马克思新闻思想的哲学起源

马克思新闻思想是马克思主义新闻观的起点,马克思新闻思想不仅源于其报刊实践,更源于其哲学思想,而作为马克思哲学思想的起点,马克思《博士论文》也是马克思新闻思想的哲学原点,需要从作为马克思哲学思想起点的《博士论文》入手,剖析马克思新闻思想的哲学起源。马克思《博士论文》中的实践哲学、时空观念和自由观念为其新闻思想的形成起到了哲学启蒙作用,马克思的报刊实践、传播观念及新闻出版自由观念从哲学角度都可以在《博士论文》中找到源头。

马克思关于人的解放理论的政治哲学深蕴——以《德意志意识形态》中“现实的个人”分析为例

在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思以对德国思辨唯心主义哲学抽象化叙事的批判为逻辑前提,主张把对“人”的理解从观念领域回归现实世界,将“现实的个人”置于具体社会历史进程给予分析,将现实个体及其阶级视为政治活动的主体,强调从“粗糙”的物质生产及其承载的社会关系层面把握“人”的本质属性。“现实的个人”是从事实际生产活动的感性力量,“人”在实践过程中将自身的本质力量外化、对象化为历史的发展。马克思指明,在资本主义政治国家和市民社会各自分裂的情形下,“人”被异化为二重化存在的现实,市民社会中的“人”是“现实的个人”,但也是非真实的;政治国家中的个人是真实的,但也是非现实的。资本主义社会关系下的“人”是异化的理性“工具人”,要实现人的个性解放与自由全面发展,必须摆脱唯心主义和非批判的经验主义意识形态的束缚,投入颠覆资本主义私有制的现实斗争之中,将“人”从市民社会的人提升至社会化的人类,进而真正实现每个人的自由而全面发展。

论人工智能对人的主体性的冲击及化解路径——基于马克思机器论视角的考察

在马克思看来,新机器的发明和应用既具有推动社会生产力发展的积极面,也会引发一些消极后果。人工智能作为数字时代的典型产品,其本质是一种合目的的手段,是人的本质的对象化,它的出现使人制造和使用某种工具的能力在层次上有了一个巨大的飞跃。但是,作为一项新技术,人工智能同样不可避免地面临科林格里奇困境,并凭借其大数据的精确计算实质性地加剧现代社会中人的异化状态,对人的主体性造成冲击。具体表现为,侵犯人的人格尊严,削弱人的自主性和独立性,挤压人在社会中的主体地位以及导致人的交往异化问题。化解人工智能对人的主体性造成的冲击,首先,要坚持人是实践主体原则,为人的主体性复归提供理论遵循;其次,要坚持技术理性和价值理性的统一,使人摆脱人工智能的牵引和钳制;最后,严格遵循科技伦理,明确作为主体的人与作为工具的人工智能之间的边界。

马恩政治哲学的贡献、价值及其当代意义

马克思和恩格斯共同创立的政治哲学(后文简称为“马恩政治哲学”)对人类政治哲学和政治文明发展作出了独特贡献,具有不可替代的独特价值。这些价值对于推进中国式现代化建设、人类文明新形态完善和对于人类命运共同体构建具有重大现实意义。马恩政治哲学创建了以人类彻底解放和普遍幸福为终极追求的政治哲学体系,描绘了具有现实可行性的美好理想社会,找到了实现理想蓝图的强大社会力量,开辟了破坏旧世界、建设新世界的可靠路径。马恩政治哲学给政治哲学提供了唯物史观的理论基础,确立了全人类立场和价值取向,将每一个个人全面而自由的发展规定为政治的终极目的,提出了一系列具有普遍性的核心理念和基本原则,明确了政治哲学改变世界的根本使命和实践要求。马恩政治哲学研究和回答了一系列重大政治问题,其政治本性论为政治文明进步奠定了牢固的动力基础,政治目的论为人类普遍而永久获得幸福指明了正确前进道路,政治制度论为社会长治久安贡献了政治哲学智慧,政治活动理论为实行人民统治和治理提供了可行的实践方案,政治权力论为人民当家作主提供了充分理论论证。

从“德国式的现代问题”到中国式现代化——马克思早期的现代化思想探索及当代启示

马克思在《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》中提出了“德国式的现代问题”,从一定意义上说是马克思早期探索现代化思想的开端。“德国式的现代问题”可以概括为“后发国家如何追赶时代”和“如何基于国家的特殊性追求现代化的普遍性”两大问题。中国共产党在百余年奋斗基础上成功开拓和推进了中国式现代化,实现了对马克思“现代问题”思考的承接、丰富、创新和发展。以“德国式的现代问题”为起点,将理论眼光贯穿马克思的整个思想体系,我们可以深化对“中国式现代化”重大理论问题的理解,更能理解现代化道路的一般规律及民族与国家特色。

为什么教师是教育必需的?

质疑教师之必要性和重要性的传统主要依据自然主义、自由至上主义、无政府主义以及建构主义的教育理念和教育主张。这种质疑在今天伴随着智能化学习的兴盛,以及教育对技术革新的过度强调而被不断加强。重审人类教育,将教育作为人类独特的伟大事业,教师则是这种事业必不可少的有效主体。在这里,教师是这样的人:他作为人类精神和美好价值的引导者、探索者和保护者,真诚邀请和指引儿童参与、理解、共享人类生活,通过培育人文和理性,实现新来者的身份转变,使他们成为人类生活的合格者。在这个意义上,教师一定是教育必需的。