Stunting remains a particular challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite encouraging declines in Tanzania over the past 25 years, one-third of Tanzanian children under the age of five years are stunted. Diarrhea remains...Stunting remains a particular challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite encouraging declines in Tanzania over the past 25 years, one-third of Tanzanian children under the age of five years are stunted. Diarrhea remains one of the greatest causes of childhood stunting worldwide. Mass media has been used to improve the uptake of behaviors associated with reductions in diarrhea. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a mass media campaign in the Lake Zone region of Tanzania from 2015-2020 and positive changes in caregiver health-seeking behaviors related to diarrhea in children. Approximately 5000 households participated in a cross-sectional survey after a communications campaign. Exposure variables included hearing and seeing radio and TV spots and participating in a variety of interpersonal communication approaches. Study results indicated primary caregivers (mothers) exposed to media messages only (OR 1.66, CI 1.05 - 2.62), and to media messages and interpersonal communication (OR 2.51, CI 1.48 - 4.26), were more likely to seek advice or treatment for diarrhea from a health facility. Primary caregivers exposed to both media messages and interpersonal communication were more likely to give oral rehydration salts (OR 2.56, CI 1.72 - 3.79), zinc tablets/syrup (OR 1.74, CI 1.18 - 2.57), and homemade fluids (OR 2.02, CI 1.15 - 3.55) when their children had diarrhea. Male heads of household (fathers) exposure to mass media was not associated with care-seeking for diarrhea treatment.展开更多
目的评估陕西省麻疹减毒活疫苗（measles attenuated live vaccine，MV）强化免疫的实施对控制麻疹发病的效果，为消除麻疹工作提供对策依据。方法利用2005～2008年大疫情报告麻疹发病资料、人群麻疹抗体监测资料、强化免疫前后MV免疫...目的评估陕西省麻疹减毒活疫苗（measles attenuated live vaccine，MV）强化免疫的实施对控制麻疹发病的效果，为消除麻疹工作提供对策依据。方法利用2005～2008年大疫情报告麻疹发病资料、人群麻疹抗体监测资料、强化免疫前后MV免疫史调查资料，探讨MV强化免疫的效果。结果MV强化免疫后，8月龄～14岁人群的有MV免疫史率较强化免疫前显著上升；8月龄～14岁人群强化免疫后的麻疹IgG抗体几何平均滴度（GMC）和阳性率分别为2270．38±3．02mIU／ml和98．68％，显著高于该人群强化免疫前的GMC（1465．53±4．51mIU／m1）（t=6．86，P〈0．01）和阳性率（89．78％）（χ^2=32．14，P〈0．01）；与强化免疫前的2005～2007年相比，2008年陕西省麻疹发病率显著下降。结论2007年陕西省MV强化免疫效果显著，已经建立了麻疹免疫屏障，但陕西省基础免疫工作中存在着MV免疫不及时的薄弱环节，急待加强。展开更多
文摘Stunting remains a particular challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite encouraging declines in Tanzania over the past 25 years, one-third of Tanzanian children under the age of five years are stunted. Diarrhea remains one of the greatest causes of childhood stunting worldwide. Mass media has been used to improve the uptake of behaviors associated with reductions in diarrhea. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a mass media campaign in the Lake Zone region of Tanzania from 2015-2020 and positive changes in caregiver health-seeking behaviors related to diarrhea in children. Approximately 5000 households participated in a cross-sectional survey after a communications campaign. Exposure variables included hearing and seeing radio and TV spots and participating in a variety of interpersonal communication approaches. Study results indicated primary caregivers (mothers) exposed to media messages only (OR 1.66, CI 1.05 - 2.62), and to media messages and interpersonal communication (OR 2.51, CI 1.48 - 4.26), were more likely to seek advice or treatment for diarrhea from a health facility. Primary caregivers exposed to both media messages and interpersonal communication were more likely to give oral rehydration salts (OR 2.56, CI 1.72 - 3.79), zinc tablets/syrup (OR 1.74, CI 1.18 - 2.57), and homemade fluids (OR 2.02, CI 1.15 - 3.55) when their children had diarrhea. Male heads of household (fathers) exposure to mass media was not associated with care-seeking for diarrhea treatment.
文摘目的评估陕西省麻疹减毒活疫苗（measles attenuated live vaccine，MV）强化免疫的实施对控制麻疹发病的效果，为消除麻疹工作提供对策依据。方法利用2005～2008年大疫情报告麻疹发病资料、人群麻疹抗体监测资料、强化免疫前后MV免疫史调查资料，探讨MV强化免疫的效果。结果MV强化免疫后，8月龄～14岁人群的有MV免疫史率较强化免疫前显著上升；8月龄～14岁人群强化免疫后的麻疹IgG抗体几何平均滴度（GMC）和阳性率分别为2270．38±3．02mIU／ml和98．68％，显著高于该人群强化免疫前的GMC（1465．53±4．51mIU／m1）（t=6．86，P〈0．01）和阳性率（89．78％）（χ^2=32．14，P〈0．01）；与强化免疫前的2005～2007年相比，2008年陕西省麻疹发病率显著下降。结论2007年陕西省MV强化免疫效果显著，已经建立了麻疹免疫屏障，但陕西省基础免疫工作中存在着MV免疫不及时的薄弱环节，急待加强。
