Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for weight and length in Paralichthys olivaceus(Temminck et Schlegel)

The complete diallel cross design was employed to estimate the genetic parameters of the growth of Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus）. A total of 60 full-sib families were cultivated and two growth-related traits, body weight （BW） and body length （BL）, were examined at average 2, 3 and 8 months of age respectively, with 1 800 individuals measured in each age group （30 per family）. Based on the additive-dominance-maternal-effect genetic analysis model, the restricted maximum likelihood approach was used to estimate various （co）variance components. The results showed that narrow-sense heritability estimates of BW and BL were respectively： 0.29 ± 0.01 and 0.22 ± 0.02 at 2 months of age, 0.32 ± 0.02 and 0.30 ± 0.04 at 3 months of age, 0.48 ± 0.04 and 0.40 ± 0.05 at 8 months of age; broad-sense heritability estimates were respectively： 0.44 ± 0.02 and 0.54 ± 0.04 at 2 months of age, 0.35 ± 0.01 and 0.36 ± 0.03 at 3 months of age, 0.49 ± 0.03 and 0.45 ± 0.04. All heritabilities were statistically significant （P 0.05）. Additive genetic correlations between BW and BL at 2, 3 and 8 months of age were consistently positive and highly significant （P 0.01）： 0.93 ± 0.02, 0.95 ± 0.03 and 0.92 ± 0.03 respectively. Maternal effect was significant （P 0.05） only at 2 months of age, and was not detected at 3 and 8 months of age. According to the heritability estimates, the mass selection strategy should be efficient for the breeding of Japanese flounder.

Male horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus use multiple sensory cues to locate mates

The use of multisensory cues to locate mates can increase an organism＇s success by acting as a back-up plan when one system fails, by providing additional information to the receiver, and by increasing their ability to detect mates using senses that have different ranges in a variable aquatic environment. In this contribution we review the sensory cues that male horseshoe crabs Lirnulus polyphemus are known to use when locating mates and then provide new data that shed light on this subject. Dur- ing the breeding season, females migrate into shore during high tides to spawn. Males attach to females as they approach the beach or are attracted to pairs already spawning. Vision is well established as an important cue in attracting males. Although chemoreception is well known in other marine arthropods, and horseshoe crabs have the anatomy available, there are few studies on chemical cues in this species. Experiments are presented here that provide evidence for chemical cue use. We show that the attraction, and retention, of attached and satellite males to actively spawning females and mating pairs involves multimodal cues

Amphiphilic small molecular mates match hydrophobic drugs to form nanoassemblies based on drug-mate strategy

Nanomedicine has made great progress in the targeted therapy of cancer. Here, we established a novel drug-mate strategy by studying the formulation of nanodrugs at the molecular level. In the drug-mate combination, the drug is a hydrophobic drug that is poorly soluble in water, and the mate is an amphiphilic small molecule (SMA) that has both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties. We proposed that the hydrophobic drug could co-assemble with a suitable SMA on a nanoscale without additive agents. The proof-ofconcept methodology and results were presented to support our hypothesis. We selected five hydrophobic drugs and more than ten amphiphilic small molecules to construct a library. Through molecular dynamic simulation and quantum chemistry computation,we speculated that the formation of nanoassemblies was related to the binding energy of the drug-mate, and the drug-mate interaction must overcome drug-drug interaction.Furthermore, the obtained SF/VECOONa nanoassemblieswas selected as a model, which had an ultra-high drug loading content (46%), improved pharmacokinetics, increased bioavailability, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. In summary, the drug-mate strategy is an essential resource to design exact SMA for many hydrophobic drugs and provides a reference for the design of a carrier-free drug delivery system.

Quantitative Estimates of Outcrossing Rates in a Natural Population of Caldesia grandis (Alismataceae)

Outcrossing rate in a natural population of Caldesia grandis was estimated by the dominant random amplified polymorphism DNA （RAPD） marker using 10 open-pollinated progeny arrays of 24 individuals. The multilocus outcrossing rate estimated based on all 25 RAPD loci was 0.872 ±0.033 and the single-locus outcrossing rate was 0.795 ±0.032. Multilocus esti- mates did not differ significantly from the single-locus estimates. The fixation index, F, in the progeny estimated from RAPD data was -0.142 ±0.000. The estimates of multilocus outcrossing rates （tm） and single-locus outcrossing rates （ts） obtained from MLDT clearly indicate that outcrossing is predominant in the open-pollinated C. grandis population. An empirical analysis suggests that 15 should be the minimum number of dominant marker loci necessary to achieve robust estimates of tm.

从Stale Mates与《五四遗事》看张爱玲的再创作策略

Stale Mates发表于1956年9月12日美国The Reporter(《记者》)双周刊杂志。《五四遗事》又名《五四遗事——罗文涛三美团圆》,1957年1月在夏济安主编的台湾《文学杂志》上发表。张爱玲在《续集自序》一文中交代,"Stale Mates(《老搭子》)曾在美国《记者》双周刊上刊出,亏得宋淇找出来把它和我用中文重写的《五四遗事》并列在一起,自己看来居然有似曾相识的感觉。故事是同一个,表现的手法略有出入,因为要迁就读者的口味,绝不能说是翻译"。实际上。

Do males choose their mates in the lekking moth Achroia grisella？ Influence of female body mass and male reproductive status on male mate choice

Lekking males aggregate to attract females and contribute solely to egg fer- tilization, without any further parental care. Evolutionary theory therefore predicts them to be nonchoosy toward their mates, because any lost mating opportunities would out- weigh the benefits associated with such preferences. Nevertheless, due to time costs, the production of energetically costly sexual displays, and potential sperm limitation, the mat- ing effort of lekking males is often considerable. These factors, combined with the fact that many females of varying quality are likely to visit leks, could favor the evolution of male mate preferences. Here, we show that males of the lekking lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella, were indeed more likely to mate with heavier females in choice experiments, even at their virgin mating （i.e., when their reproductive resources have not yet been depleted by previous matings）. This differential female mating success could not be attributed to female behavior as heavy and light females showed similar motivation to mate （i.e., la- tency to approach the males） and time to copulate. Males seem to benefit from mating with heavier females, as fecundity positively correlated with female mass. This new em- pirical evidence shows that male mate choice may have been tmderestimated in lekking species

The best of both worlds:cicada males change costly signals to achieve mates while females choose a mate based on both calling and courtship songs

Cicadas usually sing and mate in the higher parts of trees.Studies addressing the effects of different acoustic signals on mate choice in Cicadidae are very limited.We investigated the effects of both acoustical features and morphological traits on mate choice in an East Asian cicada Platypleura kaempferi.Males produce high-rate calling songs that attract females,then produce low-rate courtship songs to secure mating when a female is attracted.Higher calling song rate(CR),shorter single-pulse duration,and shorter pulse period of the calling song,together with lower courtship song rate and longer echeme period of the courtship song,are the most desirable traits used by females to choose a mate.These traits indicate that the more amale can raise the rate of song production,the higher the probability he is sexually selected by the female.No correlation was found between morphological traits and mating success.After mating,a minority of males started emitting calling songs again,but the CR was significantly lower than before mating and none of them attracted a new mate later.This promotes females mating with unmated males.We hypothesize that P.kaempferi may have the best of both worlds due to the unique song modulation and the mechanism of female mate choice:males change energetically,costly acoustic signals to achieve mates,while females choose a mate based on males’acoustic properties.Our results contribute to better understanding the diversity of mating preference and enrich the mechanism of mate choice in acoustic insects.

中国英文报纸建构国家形象的话语叙事特征研究——以华为Mate60手机发售报道为例

国家形象“自塑”对受众多维、准确、立体地了解一个国家至关重要。它不仅可以对“他塑”形象进行纠偏,也有利于争夺国际舆论场的话语权。本文以国内英文报纸《中国日报》《环球时报》(英文版)和《人民日报》(海外版)等关于华为Mate60手机发售的新闻报道为语料,结合定性和定量分析,探讨其中话语叙事的分布、形式和功能,揭示新闻话语叙事特征和国家形象建构的关系。

中药治疗病毒后间质性肺纤维化的系统性评价和Meta分析

目的:研究通过Meta分析的方法,对近年来运用中医药干预治疗病毒后间质性肺纤维化有效性以及安全性进行客观评价,以期为今后应用中医药治疗本病提供更多的循证依据。方法:计算机检索中英文数据库,时限均自建库起至2024年03月01日,经文献筛选、数据提取后,对纳入文献的结果及结论进行描述性分析,采用PRISMA声明对纳入研究的文献质量进行评价,应用AMSTAR 2量表对方法学质量进行评价,运用RevMan5.4进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入7篇文献,包含8个随机对照研究,包含临床治疗患者844例,其中试验组437例,对照组407例。与对照组相比,试验组(中药/中药联合西医常规治疗)临床症状改善[OR = 3.22, 95% CI (2.20, 4.72), P MD = −0.79, 95% CI (−0.19, −0.48), P MD = −2.74, 95% CI (−4.09, −1.38), P MD = 3.29, 95% CI (−0.67, 7.25), P = 0.10]。1个研究报告了不良反应,主要症状为心悸、胃食管反流、口腔溃疡、腹泻,可自行缓解或消失。结论:当前证据显示,中药不论是汤剂还是中成药亦或是中药制剂,其治疗病毒后间质性肺纤维化,能够有效改善患者呼吸困难、喘息、憋气等临床症状,提高患者生活质量;延缓肺部纤维化的进展;暂未报告严重不良反应。但研究结论尚需更多标准严格、质量高、大样本的随机对照试验研究予以证实。Objective: To objectively evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the intervention of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the treatment of post-viral interstitial pulmonary fibrosis using meta-analysis, with the aim of providing more evidence-based support for the future application of TCM in treating this condition. Method: A computerized search was conducted in both Chinese and English databases, with the time limit extending up to March 1, 2024. Following literature screening and data extraction, a descriptive analysis of the results and conclusions of the included studies was performed. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the PRISMA statement, and the methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4. Results: A total of 7 studies were included, comprising 8 randomized controlled trials with 844 clinical treatment patients, of which 437 were in the experimental group and 407 in the control group. Compared to the control group, the experimental group (TCM/TCM combined with conventional Western medicine treatment) showed significant improvement in clinical symptoms [OR = 3.22, 95%CI (2.20, 4.72), P MD = −0.79, 95% CI (−0.19, −0.48), P MD = −2.74, 95% CI (−4.09, −1.38), P MD = 3.29, 95% CI (−0.67, 7.25), P = 0.10]. One study reported adverse reactions, mainly symptoms such as palpitations, gastro esophageal reflux, oral ulcers, and diarrhea, which could resolve on their own or disappear. Conclusion: Current evidence indicates that TCM, whether in the form of decoctions, patented medicines, or herbal preparations, can effectively improve clinical symptoms such as dyspnea, wheezing, and breathlessness in patients with post-viral interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, thereby enhancing their quality of life and delaying the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. No severe adverse reactions have been reported thus far. However, the conclusions of the study still require confirmation through more rigorous, high-quality, large-sample randomized controlled trials.

中医适宜技术对2型糖尿病患者血糖指标水平影响的Mate分析

通过Mate分析评价中医适宜技术对糖尿病患者血糖水平的干预效果。方法 人工系统检索PubMed、Co-chraneLibrary、Embase、WebofScience、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(WanfangDatabase)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)等有关中医适宜技术对糖尿病患者血糖水平干预的相关实验。检索时间为建库日期至2024年3月,由2名研究者按照文献纳入和排除标准进行文献筛选并整理相关数据资料。本文对纳入的文献采用revman5.4软件进行mate分析。结果 共纳入文献13篇,患者病例数共551例。Meta分析结果显示:中医适宜技术可以有效降低2型糖尿病患者的血糖指标[MD=-0.62,95%CI(-0.71,-0.54),P<0.001]结论 中医适宜技术特别是针灸技术对于降低2型糖尿病患者的血糖指标有显著性效果,但其他中医适宜技术需要相互配合才能到达理想效果水平。

Genetic benefits of female from extra-pair paternity are context dependent within the socially monogamous Tree Sparrow

Females actively seek extra-pair paternity(EPP)to acquire a fitness advantage for their offspring.The“contextdependence hypothesis”posits that female extra-pair mate choice has plasticity in response to environmental conditions,and therefore magnitude of female genetic benefits from EPP depends on the environmental variation.Furthermore,chronic heavy metal pollution can cause adverse effects on fitness-related traits of wild birds.However,few studies were available on the interactions between heavy metal pollution and EPP.We selected an area that was contaminated by heavy metals for more than 60 years(Baiyin,BY),a relatively unpolluted area(Liujiaxia,LJX),and Tree Sparrows(Passer montanus)as study species to explore the response of female extrapair mate choice and genetic benefits from EPP to heavy metal pollution in socially monogamous birds.The relatedness between social mates and extra-pair mates was investigated.Additionally,we compared the body size and heterozygosity of extra-pair offspring(EPO),within-pair offspring(WPO),social males and extra-pair males from the two Tree Sparrow populations.We found that at BY,female Tree Sparrows tended to choose extra-pair males with larger body size and lower genetic similarity,thereby producing higher heterozygosity and larger body size of EPO compared with those of WPO.However,no similar phenomenon was observed in the Tree Sparrow population from LJX.In addition,there was a significant interaction between population and paternity in the analyses of the fitness-related traits,suggesting that environmental variation could affect female genetic benefits from EPP.This study confirmed the existence of presumed interactions between environmental pollution and EPP within the natural population of socially monogamous Tree Sparrows.Our findings shed lights on the possible effects of long-term environmental stress on mating system in wild birds.

Effects of Yerba Mate Consumption (Ilex paraguariensis) on Cardiac Remodeling in Rats

This study investigated the effects of yerba mate consumption, a South American beverage, on cardiac remodeling in rats. For this purpose, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into Control Group (CG) which received filtered water and a standard diet, and Yerba Mate Group (YM), 6 g of Ilex paraguariensis in 100 ml water and the same diet, for 30 days. The YM group showed a reduction in final body weight and food consumption without altering weight gain. Regarding cardiac remodeling, the YM group exhibited a decrease in the right ventricle weight/final body weight ratio, suggesting cardiac atrophy, without affecting the atria and left ventricle. There was no change in cardiomyocyte area or nuclear fractal dimension in both groups. However, animals that consumed yerba mate showed increased collagen deposition and a smaller fractal dimension in the left ventricle. The consumption of yerba mate at room temperature for 30 days induced changes in cardiac remodeling, as evidenced by increased collagen deposition and alterations in fractal dimension in the left ventricle.

Cardiovascular and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:Sharing common ground through SIRT1 pathways

As a non-communicable disease,cardiovascular disorders have become the lea-ding cause of death for men and women.Of additional concern is that cardio-vascular disease is linked to chronic comorbidity disorders that include nonal-coholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).NAFLD,also termed metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,is the greatest cause of liver disease throughout the world,increasing in prevalence concurrently with diabetes mellitus(DM),and can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis that leads to cirrhosis and liver fi-brosis.Individuals with metabolic disorders,such as DM,are more than two times likely to experience cardiac disease,stroke,and liver disease that includes NAFLD when compared individuals without metabolic disorders.Interestingly,cardiovascular disorders and NAFLD share a common underlying cellular me-chanism for disease pathology,namely the silent mating type information regu-lation 2 homolog 1(SIRT1;Saccharomyces cerevisiae).SIRT1,a histone deacetylase,is linked to metabolic pathways through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and can offer cellular protection though multiple avenues,including trophic factors such as erythropoietin,stem cells,and AMP-activated protein kinase.Translating SIRT1 pathways into clinical care for cardiovascular and hepatic disease can offer significant hope for patients,but further insights into the complexity of SIRT1 pathways are necessary for effective treatment regimens.

植物多药和有毒化合物排出转运蛋白研究进展

植物在生长及适应环境的过程中会吸收很多有益或有害的物质,自身也会产生大量代谢物,植物对这些物质的转运是植物生长发育及适应环境的重要环节,有多种转运蛋白家族参与其中。多药和有毒化合物排出转运蛋白(MATEs)是生物体中重要的转运蛋白家族之一,而植物中MATE基因的丰富程度要远远高于其他生物。根据植物MATEs的蛋白结构,这些基因被分为4个主要的亚家族,即MATE I,MATEⅡ,MATEⅢ和MATE IV。同一亚家族或同一MATE基因簇的基因还具有相同或相似的功能。植物MATEs定位于细胞的各种生物膜上,如细胞质膜、液泡膜、高尔基膜及囊泡膜等。此外,一些MATEs的表达还具有组织特异性,它们转运的底物也具有多样性和特异性,使得MATEs呈现出多种生物学功能。它们在外源性物质的排出、次生代谢产物的转运和累积、铁转运、铝脱毒和植物激素信号传递及植物的抗病性等方面都起着重要作用。该文对MATEs的发现、基因分类、亚细胞定位及生理功能等方面进行了概述,对深入研究该基因家族提供了思路,对该基因家族的应用进行了展望。

Acoustic characteristics of the tiger frog,Hoplobatrachus rugulosus,during the breeding season

We recorded and described the calls and acoustic characteristics of the male tiger frog,Hoplobatrachus rugulosus,in an artificial pond during mating season.Spectral and temporal call parameters,along with call intensity were analyzed.Three harmonics were distinguishable from the spectrogram.Four patterns of dominant frequency were found in calls produced late at night,i.e,3 patterns in the first harmonic（located in 500 Hz section,700 Hz section,and 800 Hz section respectively） and 1 in the second harmonic（located in 1 800 Hz section）.Call duration,call duty cycle,call intensity,and pulse rate were highly variable among different patterns of dominant frequency.These call properties could provide valuable evidence for further ecological study of this species.

Mating Calls of Six Forms of Pelobatid in Wawu Mountain National Forest Park,Sichuan,China (Anura:Pelobatidae)

The mating calls of six forms belonging to four genera Megophrys,Oreloalax,Scutiger and Leptolalax were recorded in Wawu Mountain National Forest Park,Sichuan Province of China,using cassette tape recorder (Aiwa) and Sony tape with an external microphone.All recordings were analyzed with an IBM PC based 'SIGNAL' software analysis system (Engineering Design,USA).The range of analyzed frequency was set as 0-10 kHz.Acoustic analysis shows that the dominant frequency of L.oshanensis,M.minor,M.sp.,S.(S.)chintingensis,O.omeimontis,and O.schmidti is 4521.9,3456.4,2293.8,1076.5,1071.0 and 1849.4 Hz on average respectively;the note duration is 46.2,90.8,99.6,72.2,78.8 and 110.3 millisecond on average respectively;the note interval is 140.4,253.0,681.4,1517.7,461.3 and 619.5 millisecond on average respectively.One-Way ANOVA analysis indicates that there are significant differences among the analyzed six forms on the dominant frequency,the note duration,and the note interval (P<0.01).Multiple comparisons using Least-Significant Difference (LSD) show that the difference of the dominant frequency between S.(S.) chintingensis and O.omeimontis is not significant (P=0.917>0.05);on the note duration,only L.oshanensis is significantly different from M.minor,M.sp.,O.omeimontis and O.schmidti (P<0.01);on the note interval,L.oshanensis is not significantly different from M.minor,the same with M.sp.versus O.schmidti and O.omeimontis versus O.schmidti (P>0.05).Correlation analysis indicates that there are no significant correlation among the three acoustic characters of dominant frequency,note duration and note interval,and two environmental factors of the elevation and air temperature (P>0.05) except that the note interval is significantly linear correlated with the elevation (r=0.943,P=0.005<0.01).In the light of above,it is suggested that acoustic characteristics of calls are useful in distinguishing forms;the change of the note interval with the elevation may be a kind of strategy of reproduction.

拟南芥中MATE基因家族的研究进展

多药和有毒化合物排出家族(Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion,MATE)是一个新的次级转运蛋白家族,此类转运蛋白对氨基葡糖、阳离子染料、多种抗生素和药物有转运作用。拟南芥中的MATE基因家族是一个多基因家族,大概由56个成员构成,文章综述了拟南芥中MATE家族基因的研究进展,包括3个方面:第一是拟南芥中MATE家族成员的构成及主要特征;第二描述了转运蛋白的主要功能;第三分析了其功能多样的大致原因。此外,还展望了此家族研究的一些前景。

普通烟草MATE基因家族分析及功能预测

植物多药和有毒化合物排出家族(MATE,multidrug and toxic compound extrusion)是一类可转运毒素、金属离子、次级代谢产物的次级转运蛋白家族。该家族主要在植物的解毒机制中发挥作用,部分成员也参与植物的形态建成过程。MATE家族在烟草基因组中的数量、特征及功能目前尚未开展系统分析。本研究利用生物信息学方法对普通烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)基因组中的MATE基因进行了预测分析,共预测到131个基因,分为4个亚家族。亚家族3在进化树中形成较为独立的分枝,其跨膜区数量、亚细胞定位、保守结构域方面与其他亚家族不同。转录组数据显示,相当一部分MATE家族基因在所有组织中低量表达。GO功能注释结果表明该家族成员主要作为一种转运体,在应激响应、生物调控等过程中发挥作用。本研究为烟草及其他植物中MATE家族的鉴定和功能研究提供了数据基础。

左卡尼丁治疗扩张型心肌病的Meta分析

目的评价左卡尼丁治疗扩张型心肌病的有效性。方法检索Cochrane图书馆、Pubmed、CNKI、WANFANG、VIP数据库自建库以来至2011年12月公开发表的与左卡尼丁治疗扩张型心肌病相关的随机对照试验,并手工检索纳入文献的参考文献。对筛选出的文献查找全文,经质量评价最终纳入文献后采用Review Manger5.0软件对纳入的试验结果进行统计学分析。结果纳入11篇文献,共计684例患者,文献中8篇为B级,3篇为C级。Meta结果显示:在治疗终点时左卡尼丁组心功能改善情况优于对照组(OR=3.78,95%CI:2.50～5.74,P<0.01);左室射血分数(LVEF)高于对照组(WMD=3.70,95%CI:3.52～3.88,P<0.01);左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)低于对照组(WMD=-3.18,95%CI:-4.53～-1.83,P<0.01);心输出量(CO)高于对照组(WMD=0.75,95%CI:0.61～0.89,P<0.01)。结论左卡尼丁能显著提高扩张性心肌病患者左心室射血分数,改善患者心功能。由于纳入文章质量有限,建议临床审慎参考。