A protocol used to manage maxillary hypoplasia in cleft lip and palate patients

Objectives: We report our experience and the protocol we used in managing maxillary hypoplasia in cleft lip and palate patients. Patients and methods: 14 adult cleft lip and palate patients with maxillary hypoplasia were evaluated clinically. Dental models and radiographs including (lateral cephalograms and orthopantographs) were obtained at the initial visit and upon completion of the presurgical orthodontic treatment. Patients with occlusal discrepancies larger than 6 mm and severe palatal scaring underwent Distraction osteogenesis (DO) to advance the maxilla. Patients with an occlusal discrepancy of 6 mm or less, underwent traditional orthognathic surgery including le fort I advancement and Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) to seat the mandible in occlusion. Results: Five patients underwent orthognathic surgery. Two of them underwent double jaw surgery. Three underwent single jaw conventional le fort l advancement. Four patients required bone grafting to repair the residual alveolar defect and to augment the midface deficiency. Nine patients with severe maxillary hypoplasia underwent maxillary advancement using distraction osteogenesis. Conclusion: Patients with a severe maxillary hypoplasia of 6 mm or more and excessive palatal scaring are successfully treated with DO. Conventional le fort I is reserved for patients with less severe maxillary hypoplasia. Both techniques gave promising results providing having followed the proper selection criteria.

Lefort Ⅰ型截骨牵开术矫正唇腭裂术后上颌畸形

目的 探讨LefortⅠ型截骨快速牵开成骨技术 ,在唇腭裂术后上颌后缩畸形矫治中的应用。方法 上颌LefortⅠ型截骨 ,术中前移上颌骨 4 0～ 12mm ,留间隙期 1天。使用口外颅颌牵引装置—上颌杠杆式牵引支架 ,调节支架前部的刻度调节旋钮和牵引杆 ,3～ 5天内完内快速牵开水平前移 3 0～ 10mm ,矫正 7例唇腭裂术后上颌后缩畸形。结果 7例LefortⅠ型截骨水平快速牵引成骨完成后 ,除 1例固定为 4周 ,1个月后复查为轻度开合外 ,均无感染、成骨不良、骨不愈合等并发症。 7例牵开成骨矫正效果满意。结论 LefortⅠ型截骨快速牵开成骨技术是治疗唇腭裂术后上颌后缩畸形的有效方法。牵开速度快 ,不影响骨愈合 ,治疗时间短 ,不需植骨 ,疗效满意。

上颌扩弓疗效评价的临床意义及发展方向

上颌横向发育不足是临床常见的错牙合畸形之一,其不仅影响上下颌牙齿的排列及咬合关系,严重者还可能影响患者牙弓形态、面型及呼吸等,其在儿童错牙合畸形正畸治疗中是临床诊断及治疗计划的重要部分。上颌扩弓治疗是解决口腔正畸患者上颌横向发育不足的主要方法,其临床效果已得到证实,对其进行科学客观的临床疗效评价有利于医生加深对牙弓宽度发育不足机制的认识、优化方案设计选择、精准化临床治疗、提高上颌扩弓治疗的有效性和稳定性。目前针对上颌扩弓治疗的疗效的评价方法多样,该文针对上颌扩弓治疗的疗效评价方法作一综述,并前瞻性地提出其发展方向。

改良上颌骨牵引成骨治疗中重度唇腭裂上颌后缩效果评价

目的探讨改良上颌骨牵引成骨治疗中、重度唇腭裂上颌后缩的手术效果及可能出现的相关并发症。方法回顾性分析2017年7月至2019年12月中国医学科学院整形外科医院收治的采用改良上颌骨牵引成骨治疗的唇腭裂修复术后上颌后缩患者的临床资料。术中行上颌Le FortⅠ型截骨后,采用经鼻引出上颌骨坚固外固定牵引支架,牵引3~4周;牵引完成后立即行上颌骨坚固内固定。对患者术前、牵引完成即刻头颅CT颌面部骨性结构进行三维重建及测量分析。术前、后各指标测量数据的比较采用配对样本t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果共纳入15例患者,男12例,女3例,年龄14~25岁。牵引完成即刻上、下颌形态与术前相比,所有测量指标差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。上颌骨上牙槽座点前移(10.69±9.01)mm,上牙槽座点-鼻根点-下牙槽座点形成的角增加(13.53±7.14)°,上牙槽平面角增加(3.97±5.87)°,下颌平面角增加(4.65±3.67)°,前面高增长(5.63±4.41)mm。上颌骨向前下方移位,中面部突度增加,轮廓获得改善。牵引过程会对下颌骨位置产生一定影响,15例患者中有5例出现中、重度张口度下降,在牵引结束进行固定后再配合张口训练,张口受限自行缓解;1例同时出现颞下颌关节脱位,通过关节手法复位、上颌骨固定及下颌矢状劈开后退术,张口受限和脱位问题均得到解决。结论改良上颌骨牵引成骨治疗中、重度唇腭裂上颌后缩,能够有效前移上颌骨,使下颌骨出现顺时针旋转,改善面部轮廓,并且明显缩短牵引治疗时间,但牵引过程中可能出现张口受限和颞下颌关节脱位等并发症。