^(18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography comparison of gastric lymphoma and gastric carcinoma

AIM To compare ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(^(18)F-FDG PET/CT) features in gastric lymphoma and gastric carcinoma.METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed gastric lymphoma or gastric carcinoma who underwent ^(18)F-FDG PET/CT prior to treatment were included in this study. We reviewed and analyzed the PET/CT features of gastric wall lesions,including FDG avidity,pattern(focal/diffuse),and intensity [maximal standard uptake value:(SUVmax)]. The correlation of SUVmax with gastricclinicopathological variables was investigated by χ~2 test,and receiver-operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the differential diagnostic value of SUVmax-associated parameters in gastric lymphoma and gastric carcinoma. RESULTS Fifty-two patients with gastric lymphoma and 73 with gastric carcinoma were included in this study. Abnormal gastric FDG accumulation was found in 49 patients(94.23%) with gastric lymphoma and 65 patients(89.04%) with gastric carcinoma. Gastric lymphoma patients predominantly presented with type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ lesions,whereas gastric carcinoma patients mainly had type Ⅲ lesions. The SUVmax(13.39 ± 9.24 vs 8.35 ± 5.80,P < 0.001) and SUVmax/THKmax(maximal thickness)(7.96 ± 4.02 vs 4.88 ± 3.32,P < 0.001) were both higher in patients with gastric lymphoma compared with gastric carcinoma. ROC curve analysis suggested a better performance of SUVmax/THKmax in the evaluation of gastric lesions between gastric lymphoma and gastric carcinoma in comparison with that of SUVmax alone.CONCLUSION PET/CT features differ between gastric lymphoma and carcinoma,which can improve PET/CT evaluation of gastric wall lesions and help differentiate gastric lymphoma from gastric carcinoma.

Nomogram using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Lymph node(LN)metastasis is an important prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer(GC).However,the evaluation of LN metastasis status in the preoperative setting is not accurate.Therefore,precise preoperative prediction of LN metastasis status is crucial for optimal treatment in patients with GC.AIM To develop a preoperative nomogram for LN metastasis using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose(F-18 FDG)positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)and preoperative laboratory test findings in GC.METHODS In this study,the data of 566 GC patients who underwent preoperative F-18 FDG PET/CT and subsequent surgical resection were analyzed.The LN metastasis prediction model was developed in the training cohort and validated in the internal validation cohort.Routine preoperative laboratory tests,including albumin and carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9 were performed in all patients.Univariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to validate the preoperative predictive indicators for LN metastasis.RESULTS Of the 566 patients,232(41%)had confirmed histopathologic LN metastasis.Univariate logistic regression revealed that the tumor location,blood hemoglobin,serum albumin levels,neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,platelet to lymphocyte ratio,CA 19-9,maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax)of the primary tumor(T_SUVmax),and SUVmax of LN(N_SUVmax)were significantly associated with LN metastasis.In multivariate analysis,T_SUVmax(OR=1.08;95%CI:1.02–1.15;P=0.011)and N_SUVmax(OR=1.49;95%CI:1.19–1.97;P=0.002)were found to be significant predictive factors for LNmetastasis.The LN metastasis prediction model using T_SUVmax,N_SUVmax,serum albumin,and CA 19-9 yielded an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.733(95%CI:0.683–0.784,P=0.025)in the training cohort and AUC of 0.756(95%CI:0.678–0.833,P<0.001)in the test cohort.CONCLUSION T_SUVmax and N_SUVmax measured by preoperative F-18 FDG PET/CT are independent predictive factors for LN metastasis in GC.

Characterization of focal hypermetabolic thyroid incidentaloma: An analysis with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography parameters

BACKGROUND Incidentally found thyroid tumor(thyroid incidentaloma,TI)on F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PETCT)is reported in 2.5%-5%of patients being investigated for non-thyroid purposes.Up to 50%of these cases have been diagnosed to be malignant by cytological/histological results.Ultrasonography(US)and fine-needle aspiration cytology are recommended for thyroid nodules with high FDG uptake(hypermetabolism)that are 1 cm or greater in size.It is important to accurately determine whether a suspicious hypermetabolic TI is malignant or benign.AIM To distinguish malignant hypermetabolic TIs from benign disease by analyzing F-18 FDG PET-CT parameters and to identify a cut-off value.METHODS Totally,12761 images of patients who underwent F-18 FDG PET-CT for nonthyroid purposes at our hospital between January 2016 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed,and 339 patients[185 men(mean age:68±11.2)and 154 women(mean age:63±15.0)]were found to have abnormal,either focal or diffuse,thyroid FDG uptake.After a thorough review of their medical records,US,and cytological/histological reports,46 eligible patients with focal hypermetabolic TI were included in this study.The TIs were categorized as malignant and benign according to the cytological/histological reports,and four PET parameters[standardized uptake value(SUV)max,SUV_(peak),SUV_(mean),and metabolic tumor volume(MTV)]were measured on FDG PET-CT.Total lesion glycolysis(TLG)was calculated by multiplying the SUV_(mean) by MTV.Both parametric and non-parametric methods were used to compare the five parameters between malignant and benign lesions.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to identify a cut-off value.RESULTS Each of the 46 patients[12 men(26.1%;mean age:62±13.1 years)and 34 women(73.9%;mean age:60±12.0 years)]with focal hypermetabolic TIs had one focal hypermetabolic TI.Among them,26(56.5%)were malignant and 20(43.5%)were benign.SUV_(max),SUV_(peak),SUV_(mean),and TLG were all higher in malignant lesions than benign ones,but the difference was statistically significant(P=0.012)only for SUV_(max).There was a positive linear correlation(r=0.339)between SUV_(max) and the diagnosis of malignancy.ROC curve analysis for SUV_(max) revealed an area under the curve of 0.702(P<0.05,95%confidence interval:0.550-0.855)and SUV_(max) cut-off of 8.5 with a sensitivity of 0.615 and a specificity of 0.789.CONCLUSION More than half of focal hypermetabolic TIs on F-18 FDG PET-CT were revealed as malignant lesions,and SUV_(max) was the best parameter for discriminating between malignant and benign disease.Unexpected focal hypermetabolic TIs with the SUV_(max) above the cut-off value of 8.5 may have a greater than 70%chance of malignancy;therefore,further active assessment is required.

Role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging in surgery for pancreatic cancer

AIM： To evaluate the role of positron emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose （FDG-PET） in the surgical management of patients with pancreatic cancer, including the diagnosis, staging, and selection of patients for the subsequent surgical treatment. METHODS： This study involved 53 patients with proven primary pancreatic cancer. The sensitivity of diagnosing the primary cancer was examined for FDG-PET CT, cytological examination of the bile or pancreatic juice, and the serum levels of carcinoembrionic antigens （CEA） and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 （CA29-9）. Next, the accuracy of staging was compared between FDG-PET and CT. Finally, FDG-PET was analyzed semiquantitatively using the standard uptake value （SUV）. The impact of the SUV on patient management was evaluated by examining the correlations between the SUV and the histological findings of cancer. RESULTS： The sensitivity of FDG-PET, CT, cytological examination of the bile or pancreatic juice, and the serum levels of CEA and CA19-9 were 92.5%, 88.7%, 46.4%, 37.7% and 69.8%, respectively. In staging, FDG-PET was superior to CT only in diagnosing distant disease （bone metastasis）. For local staging, the sensitivity of CT was better than that of FDG-PEr. The SUV did not correlate with the pTNM stage, grades, invasions to the vessels and nerve, or with the size of the tumor. However, there was a statistically significant difference （4.6 ± 2.9 vs 7.8 ± 4.5, P = 0.024） in the SUV between patients with respectable and unresectable disease. CONCLUSION： FDG-PET is thus considered to be useful in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. However, regarding the staging of the disease, FDG-PET is not considered to be a sufficiently accurate diagnostic modality. Although the SUV does not correlate with the patho-histological prognostic factors, it may be useful in selecting patients who should undergo subsequent surgical treatment.

Assessment of incidental focal colorectal uptake by analysis of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography parameters

BACKGROUND Colon and rectal cancers are among the top five cancers worldwide in terms of their incidence and mortality rates.As the treatment options for cure include surgery even in specific advanced-stage cases,the early detection of lesions is important for applying active treatment methods.Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose(F-18 FDG)positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)is an established imaging study for many types of cancers;however,physiologic uptake in the gastrointestinal tract is a frequent finding and may interfere with lesion identification.Nevertheless,as unexpectedly observed focal colorectal F-18 FDG uptake may harbor malignant lesions,further examination must not be avoided.AIM To assess the clinical implications of unexpected focal colorectal F-18 FDG uptake by analyzing FDG PET parameters.METHODS A total of 15143 F-18 FDG PET/CT scans performed at our hospital between January 2016 and September 2021 were retrospectively reviewed to identify incidentally observed focal colorectal FDG uptake.Finally,83 regions showing focal colorectal FDG uptake with final histopathological reports from 80 patients(45 men and 35 women with mean ages of 66.9±10.7 years and 63.7±15.3 years,respectively)were eligible for inclusion in the present study.Each focal hypermetabolic colorectal region was classified as malignant,premalignant,or benign according to the histopathological report.PET parameters such as maximum and peak standardized uptake value(SUVmax and SUVpeak),metabolic tumor volume(MTV),mean SUV of the metabolic tumor volume(mSUVmtv),and total lesion glycolysis(TLG)were measured or calculated for the corresponding hypermetabolic regions.Parametric and nonparametric statistical comparisons of these parameters were performed among the three groups.Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to identify cut-off values.RESULTS The detection rate of incidental focal colorectal uptake was 0.53%(80/15,143).Of the 83 regions with unexpected focal colorectal hypermetabolism,28.9%(24/83)were malignant,32.5%(27/83)were premalignant,and 38.6%(32/83)were benign.Overall,61.4% of the regions had malignant or premalignant lesions.SUVmax,SUVpeak,and mSUVmtv differentiated malignant and/or premalignant lesions from benign lesions with statistical significance(P<0.05).mSUVmtv3.5 differentiated malignant from benign lesions,with the largest area under the curve(AUC)of 0.792 and a cut-off of 4.9.SUVmax showed the largest AUC of 0.758 with a cut-off value of 7.5 for distinguishing between premalignant and benign lesions.Overall,SUVmax with a cut-off value of 7.6(AUC:0.770,95% confidence interval(CI):0.668-0.872;sensitivity,0.686;specificity,0.688)was a superior parameter for distinguishing between malignant/premalignant and benign lesions or physiologic uptake.No parameters differentiated malignant from premalignant lesions.Moderate or weak positive correlations were observed between the long diameter of the malignant lesions and PET parameters such as SUVpeak and some mSUVmtv.CONCLUSION Approximately two-thirds(61.4%)of incidental focal hypermetabolic colorectal regions were malignant/premalignant lesions,for which SUVmax was an independent diagnostic parameter.Unexpected suspicious focal colorectal FDG uptake should not be avoided and consideration for further evaluation is strongly recommended not to miss the two-thirds.

Correlations between the Maximum Standard Uptake Value of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Laboratory Parameters before and after Treatment in Patients with Lymphoma

Background： After the first examination of patients with lymphoma diagnosis, important laboratory tests such as complete blood count; albumin, kidney and liver function tests; uric acid; 132-microglobulin; C-reactive protein （CRP）; erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR）; and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） examinations are recommended. In this study, our aim was to find the relationship between laboratory parameters and the maximum standard uptake value （SUVmax） of positron emission tomography/computed tomography （PET/CT） in patients with lymphoma at the diagnosis and after treatment. Methods： Thirty-tbur lymphoma patients treated at Mustafa Kemal University Internal Medicine Clinic between 2014 and 2017 were included in this retrospective study. Results ofCRP, ESR, LDH, albumin, and white blood cell （WBC） count were recorded betbre each PET scan test, and each parameter was analyzed for correlation with SUV measurements. Results： Spearman＇s correlation test showed that the after-treatment SUV values were significantly correlated with the alter-treatment LDH, ESR, and CRP values （for LDH, ESR, and CRP, R2： 0.453, 0.426, and 0.351; P = 0.007, 0.012, and 0.042, respectively）. On the other hand, albumin and WBC count did not show a significant correlation with the after-treatment SUVmax values （all P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions： CRP, ESR, and LDH values may also be good predictors in patients for whom PET/CT imaging cannot be performed.

Prognostic Value of Semi-Quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT Parameters in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Objective:To assess the prognostic value of maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax),metabolic tumor volume(MTV),and total lesion glycolysis(TLG)determined by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT)imaging in Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients.Methods:A total of 148 Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients diagnosed with lymph node biopsy from October 2014 to October 2015 were retrospectively analyzed followed by categorizing into good(125 cases)and poor(23 cases)prognosis groups.The chi-squared test was used to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients with the semi-quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters;the Spearman method was used to analyze the correlation between the semi-quantitative parameters and clinicopathological features of Hodgkin’s lymphoma;receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the semi-quantitative parameters for poor prognosis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients.Results:Mean SUVmax,MTV,and TLG of the 148 cases of Hodgkin’s lymphoma were 7.26±2.38,12.46±3.14 cm3,and 76.83±18.56 g,respectively.Significant variations in the Ann Arbor stage and clinical classification were observed with different levels of semi-quantitative parameters(P<0.05).The semi-quantitative parameters were not correlated with age and gender(P>0.05)but positively correlated with Ann Arbor stage and clinical classification(P<0.05).These parameters in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group(P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of SUVmax,MTV,and TLG in predicting the poor prognosis group was 0.881,0.875,and 0.838,with cut-off values of 7.264,12.898 cm3,and 74.580g,as well as specificity of 88.8%,84.0%,and 78.4%,and sensitivity of 87.0%,87.0%,and 78.3%,respectively;the AUC of the combined prediction was 0.986,with a specificity of 97.6%and sensitivity of 86.3%.Conclusion:The semi-quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters provide valuable insights for Hodgkin’s lymphoma prognosis assessment.

Diagnostic value of18F-FDG PET in the assessment of myocardial viability in coronary artery disease：A comparative study with99mTc SPECT and echocar-diography

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography （18F-FDG PET） in the as-sessment of myocardial viability in patients with known coronary artery disease （CAD） when compared to99mTc single photon emission computed tomography （SPECT） and echocardiography, with invasive coronary angiography as the gold standard.MethodsThirty patients with diagnosed CAD met the selection criteria, with 10 of them （9 men, mean age 59.5 ± 10.5 years） undergoing all of these imaging proce-dures consisting of SPECT and PET, echocardiography and invasive angiography. Diagnostic sensitivity of these less invasive modalities for detection of myocardial viability was compared to invasive coronary angiography. Inter- and intra-observer agreement was assessed for di-agnostic performance of SPECT and PET.ResultsOf all patients with proven CAD, 50% had triple vessel disease. Diagnostic sensitivity of SPECT, PET and echocardiography was 90%, 100% and 80% at patient-based assessment, respectively. Excellent agreement was achieved between inter-observer and intra-observer agreement of the diagnostic value of SPECT and PET in myocardial viability （k= 0.9）. Conclusion18F-FDG PET has high diagnostic value in the assessment of myocardial viability in patients with known CAD when com-pared to SPECT and echocardiography. Further studies based on a large cohort with incorporation of18F-FDG PET into patient management are warranted.

PET/CT联合血清lncRNA THRIL、miR-98-5p检测对孤立性肺结节良恶性的诊断价值

目的 探究正电子发射断层扫描和计算机断层扫描(PET/CT)联合血清长链非编码RNA THRIL(lncRNA THRIL),微小RNA-98-5p(miR-98-5p)检测对孤立性肺结节(SPN)良恶性的鉴别诊断价值。方法 选取2022年5月至2023年5月在南阳市中心医院收治的115例SPN患者作为研究对象,根据病理检查结果将SPN患者分为良性组(75例)和恶性组(40例),比较两组血清lncRNA THRIL、miR-98-5p表达水平。Pearson法分析血清lncRNA THRIL与miR-98-5p的相关性。一致性Kappa检验比较PET/CT、血清lncRNA THRIL、miR-98-5p单独及联合诊断SPN恶性与病理结果的一致性。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析PET/CT检查联合血清lncRNA THRIL、miR-98-5p水平对恶性SPN的诊断价值。结果 恶性组血清lncRNA THRIL水平比良性组高,miR-98-5p水平比良性组低(P<0.05)。Pearson分析显示,lncRNA THRIL与miR-98-5p表达呈负相关(r=-0.491,P<0.05),且lncRNA THRIL与miR-98-5p有靶向结合位点。PET/CT、血清lncRNA THRIL、miR-98-5p联合共诊断出38例恶性SPN患者,与病理诊断的一致性较高,Kappa值为0.729(P<0.05),联合诊断恶性SPN的特异度、灵敏度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性均最高,分别为90.67%、95.00%、84.44%、97.14%、92.17%。PET/CT、血清lncRNA THRIL、miR-98-5p联合诊断恶性SPN的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.921(95%CI:0.874~0.968),均优于各自单独检测(Z=2.235、2.478、2.444,P<0.05)。结论 PET/CT联合血清lncRNA THRIL、miR-98-5p检测可提高对恶性SPN诊断的灵敏度及准确性,对SPN良恶性的鉴别诊断具有一定的应用价值。

Comparison of Positron Emission Tomography Using 2-[^18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose and 3-deoxy-3-[^18F]-fluorothymidine in Lung Cancer Imaging

Background： The detection of solitary pulmonary nodules （SPNs） that may potentially develop into a malignant lesion is essential for early clinical interventions. However, grading classification based on computed tomography （CT） imaging results remains a significant challenge. The 2-[^18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose （^18F-FDG） positron emission tomography （PET）/CT imaging produces both false-positive and false-negative findings for the diagnosis of SPNs. In this study, we compared 18F-FDG and 3-deoxy-3-[^18F]-fluorothymidine （^18F-FLT） in lung cancer PET/CT imaging. Methods： The binding ratios of the two tracers to A549 lung cancer cells were calculated. The mouse lung cancer model was established （n = 12）, and micro-PET/CT analysis using the two tracers was performed. Images using the two tracers were collected from 55 lung cancer patients with SPNs. The correlation among the cell-tracer binding ratios, standardized uptake values （SUVs）, and Ki-67 proliferation marker expression were investigated. Results： The cell-tracer binding ratio for the A549 cells using the ^18F-FDG was greater than the ratio using 18F-FLT （P 〈 0.05）. The Ki-67 expression showed a significant positive correlation with the ^18F-FLT binding ratio （r = 0.824, P〈 0.01）. The tumor-to-nontumor uptake ratio of ^18F-FDG imaging in xenografts was higher than that of ^18F-FLT imaging. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and the accuracy of ^18F-FDG for lung cancer were 89%, 67%, and 73%, respectively. Moreover, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and the accuracy of ^18F-FLT for lung cancer were 71%, 79%, and 76%, respectively. There was an obvious positive correlation between the lung cancer Ki-67 expression and the mean maximum SUV of ^18F-FDG and ^18F-FLT （r = 0.658, P〈 0.05 and r = 0.724, P〈 0.01, respectively）. Conclusions： The ^18F-FDG uptake ratio is higher than that of ^18F-FLT in A549 cells at the cellular level.^18F-FLT imaging might be superior for the quantitative diagnosis of lung tumor tissue and could distinguish lung cancer nodules from other SPNs.

^(18)F-FDG PET/CT代谢参数联合临床病理特征对晚期结直肠癌患者KRAS基因突变的评估价值

目的探讨^(18)F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(^(18)F-FDG)PET/CT代谢参数联合临床病理特征对晚期结直肠癌患者鼠类肉瘤病毒癌基因(KRAS)基因突变的评估价值。方法回顾性分析64例晚期结直肠癌患者的临床资料。所有患者在治疗前均接受^(18)F-FDG PET/CT检查。分析最大标准化摄取值(SUV_(max))、不同阈值下的代谢肿瘤体积(MTV)和病变总糖酵解(TLG)、临床病理特征与患者KRAS基因突变状态之间的关系。通过多因素Logistic回归模型分析与患者KRAS基因突变相关的因素。采用受试者工作特征曲线分析^(18)F-FDG PET/CT代谢参数、临床病理特征及二者联合评估患者KRAS基因突变的效能。基于^(18)F-FDG PET/CT代谢参数和临床病理特征构建列线图模型。结果单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,SUV_(max)≥19.55、MTV50%≥7.95、肿瘤组织中/高分化与患者KRAS基因突变有关。SUV_(max)、MTV50%和肿瘤组织分化程度评估患者KRAS基因突变的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.653、0.625和0.621,三者联合评估的AUC为0.800,均高于单个指标的AUC(P<0.05)。基于SUV_(max)、MTV50%和肿瘤组织分化程度构建的列线图模型的一致性指数为0.800,校准曲线与参考线基本拟合。结论^(18)F-FDG PET/CT的代谢参数SUV_(max)、MTV50%与晚期结直肠癌患者KRAS基因突变密切相关,联合肿瘤组织分化程度所构建的列线图模型对患者KRAS基因突变具有较高的评估价值。

^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像中标准化摄取值测量技术、影响因素及临床应用的研究进展

^(18)F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(^(18)F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层/电子计算机断层扫描(PET/CT)显像在临床应用中较为广泛,标准化摄取值(SUV)是重要的半定量指标,对于疾病的早期诊断和鉴别诊断、预测肿瘤治疗的早期响应和疗效监测具有重要意义。该文就^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像中SUV测量技术、影响因素及临床应用的研究进展作一综述。

^(68)Ga-FAP-2286 PET/CT对晚期消化系统恶性肿瘤治疗后的生存预测价值

目的:探究与临床参数相比,^(68)Ga-FAP-2286正电子发射体层成像(positron emission tomography,PET)/计算机体层成像(computed tomography,CT)是否可以识别总生存期(overall survival,OS)更短的晚期消化系统恶性肿瘤患者。方法:回顾并分析2023年4月—2024年6月于西南医科大学附属医院经病理学检查证实为晚期消化系统肿瘤且在经手术治疗、放化疗及靶向免疫治疗后行^(68)Ga-FAP-2286 PET/CT检查的患者的影像学资料与临床资料。通过手动分割肿瘤负荷[计算肿瘤体积、峰值/平均值/最大标准化摄取值(standard uptake value,SUV)、肿瘤背景比值(tumor-to-background ratio,TBR)和细胞表面上的肿瘤受体结合(tumor receptor binding,TRB),TRB定义为SUV_(mean)乘以肿瘤体积],对扫描进行目视和定量评估。临床参数包括性别、既往治疗的方式和年龄。成像后,记录OS。结果:本研究共纳入32例患者,其中男性22例,女性10例,年龄30~83岁。在单变量COX回归分析中,较高的TBR(HR=1.217,95%CI 1.022~1.448,P=0.027)、TRB(HR=1.001,95%CI 1.000~1.002,P=0.029)和淋巴结转移的存在(HR=3.783,95%CI 1.033~13.854,P=0.045)与较短的OS显著相关。较大的肿瘤体积有显著性趋势(HR=1.004,95%CI 1.000~1.009,P=0.066),而其他参数都不能预测OS。在多变量COX回归中,只有TRB被确定为OS的重要独立预后因素(HR=1.001,95%CI 1.000~1.003,P=0.018)。在Kaplan-Meier分析中,TRB高于中位数142、TBR高于中位数8.3和存在淋巴结转移与较短的OS相关。结论:在晚期消化系统恶性肿瘤中,通过^(68)Ga-FAP-2286 PET/CT检测到的TRB升高是OS的独立预测因子。

血糖水平对原发性肝癌患者^(18)F-FDG PET-CT检查中正常器官摄取FDG的影响

目的 研究在原发性肝癌患者^(18)F-FDG PET-CT检查中不同血糖水平对正常器官摄取FDG的影响,以找到相较于肝脏更为稳定的组织作为背景标准摄取值。方法 本研究为回顾性研究。搜集2022年1—6月经病理确诊为原发性肝癌,并接受^(18)F-FDG PET-CT检查的175例患者的临床及影像资料。根据注射18F-FDG前空腹血糖水平分成4组,4.0~6.3 mmol/L为血糖正常组(63例)、6.4~8.9 mmol/L为血糖稍高组(53例)、9.0~11.1 mmol/L为血糖较高组(48例)、>11.1 mmol/L为血糖极高组(11例)。比较4组患者的大脑皮质、肺脏、肝脏、脾脏、胰腺、脂肪组织及纵隔血池的最大标准摄取值(SUV_(max)),分析不同血糖水平对正常器官摄取^(18)F-FDG的影响。组间符合正态分布的计量资料比较采用方差分析、以x±s表示、两两比较采用t检验。结果 血糖稍高组、较高组和极高组的大脑皮质SUV_(max)值均明显低于血糖正常组,肝脏SUV_(max)值均明显高于血糖正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。血糖稍高组的肺脏SUV_(max)值与血糖正常组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),血糖较高组与血糖极高组的肺脏SUV_(max)值均明显高于血糖正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。血糖正常组、稍高组和较高组的胰腺SUV_(max)值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),血糖极高组明显高于血糖正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4组脾脏、脂肪组织及纵隔血池的SUV_(max)值差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05),表明与血糖水平无显著相关性。其中,纵隔血池SUV_(max)值最为稳定。结论 原发性肝癌患者的血糖水平,对大脑皮质、肝脏摄取^(18)F-FDG影响较大,对肺脏、胰腺的影响较小;对纵隔血池的影响最小,可作为肝脏的替代组织用于背景SUV_(max)的测量。

转移性骨肿瘤的放射性核素骨扫描与MRI诊断特征分析

目的:探讨与分析转移性骨肿瘤的放射性核素骨扫描与核磁共振成像(MRI)诊断特征,判断诊断价值.方法:选取2019年2月-2022年5月于山东省济南市平阴县中医医院收治的68例恶性肿瘤患者作为研究对象,确诊转移性骨肿瘤的18例患者作为转移组,确诊其他恶性肿瘤的50例患者作为非转移组,所有患者都给予放射性核素骨扫描-正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET/CT)和MRI检查,记录影像学特征并进行诊断价值的判定.结果:2组的年龄、体重指数、性别、血压等一般资料对比,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).转移组核磁共振成像的软组织肿块、压迫椎管、瘤周水肿带等占比为77.8%、72.2%、66.7%,明显高于非转移组的34.0%、44.0%、36.0%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).SPECT/CT标准摄取值最大值与平均值均高于非转移组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).在68例患者中,放射性核素骨扫描诊断为转移性骨肿瘤22例,MRI诊断为转移性骨肿瘤19例,转移性骨肿瘤的放射性核素骨扫描与MRI诊断的敏感度分别为81.8.%、94.8%,特异度分别为94.3%、98.0%,MRI诊断的敏感度高于放射性核素骨扫描诊断,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),特异度高于放射性核素骨扫描诊断,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:放射性核素骨扫描与核磁共振成像均可了解转移性骨肿瘤患者的病变信息与病理特征,MRI诊断的敏感性相对更高,有一定的临床应用价值.

PET/CT代谢参数与肺腺癌生物学特征关系分析及对脑转移的预测价值

目的分析正电子发射断层成像/计算机断层显像(PET/CT)代谢参数与肺腺癌生物学特征的关系及对脑转移的预测价值。方法招募2020年2月至2022年4月邯郸市中心医院收治的肺腺癌患者103例,均进行PET/CT检查。分析肺腺癌生物学特征与患者病灶标准摄取值(SUV)最大值、瘦体重标准化摄取值(SUL)最大值的关联性。通过多因素logistic回归及列线图分析探讨SUV最大值、SUL最大值对肺腺癌脑转移的预测价值。结果淋巴结转移、T分期、分化程度与SUV最大值、SUL最大值存在显著关联(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,T分期为T _(3-4)期,以及较高水平的SUV最大值、SUL最大值是促进肺腺癌患者发生脑转移的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。列线图预测模型显示,SUV最大值、SUL最大值对肺腺癌患者脑转移具有较高预测价值,一致性指数分别为0.785、0.811。决策曲线分析(DCA)结果显示,在阈值0.35~0.71范围内,SUL最大值预测肺腺癌患者脑转移的净受益率优于SUV最大值。结论病灶SUV最大值、SUL最大值与肺腺癌淋巴结转移、T分期、分化程度等生物学特征具有关联性,临床可通过PET/CT检查及早预测患者脑转移情况,为临床治疗提供参考,改善患者预后。

^(18)F-FDG PET/CT代谢参数与非小细胞肺癌组织中PD-L1表达的相关性

目的:探讨^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像代谢参数与非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)原发灶程序性细胞死亡配体1(programmed cell death-ligand 1,PD-L1)表达水平的关系。方法:回顾性分析56例经病理证实的非小细胞肺癌患者的临床病理资料及治疗前^(18)F-FDG PET/CT影像,所有患者均使用免疫组化法检测PD-L1表达状态,分析^(18)F-FDG PET/CT的代谢参数与原发灶PD-L1表达水平的相关性。结果:与PD-L1阴性患者比较,阳性患者原发灶SUV_(max)、MTV、TLG均较高(P<0.05)。通过Spearman相关性分析,PD-L1的表达与SUV_(max)、MTV、TLG均有显著的相关性(r=0.537,P=0.000;r=0.413,P=0.002;r=0.457,P=0.000)。经多变量分析,SUV_(max)被确定为预测肿瘤PD-L1表达的唯一独立因素(OR:2.132,95%CI:1.694~2.578,P=0.006)。结论:非小细胞肺癌原发灶FDG摄取与PD-L1表达存在相关性,PD-L1阳性更易发生在高SUV_(max)、MTV和TLG患者中。

飞行时间、点扩散函数和高斯滤波对18F-FDG PET/CT肺结节SUV和SNR的影响

目的:探讨飞行时间(TOF)、点扩展函数(PSF)和高斯滤波(GF)对肺结节的标准化摄取值(SUV)和信噪比(SNR)的影响,为肺结节患者提供最佳的PET重建算法.方法:回顾性分析2020年12月至2022年3月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院行全身18F-FDGPET/CT检查的38例肺结节患者的PET/CT图像.采用滤波反投影(FBP)、有序子集最大期望值(OSEM)、OSEM+TOF、OSEM+PSF、OSEM+TOF+PSF和OSEM+TOF+PSF+GF[GF的半高宽(FWHM)分别为2、4、6、8和10 mm]重建算法进行图像重建,通过视觉评估PET图像质量和半定量方法分析肺结节的SNR和SUV.分别采用Holm-Sidak检验和Friedman检验分析不同重建算法间SUV和SNR的差异.结果:相比于FBP组,OSEM+TOF+PSF组SUVmax、SUVpeak、SUVmean 和 SNR 分别提高 8.02%(P>0.05)、10.72%(P<0.000 1)、19.05%(P<0.000 1)和 688.89%(P<0.000 1);相比于OSEM组,OSEM+TOF+PSF组SUVmax、SUVpeak、SUVmean和SNR分别提高 13.89%、25.60%、38.56%和 101.07%(均P<0.01);相比于OSEM+TOF组,OSEM+TOF+PSF组SUVpeak、SUVmean和SNR分别提高8.42%、12.76%和67.98%(均P<0.000 1),SUVmax降低2.76%(P>0.05);相比于OSEM+PSF组,OSEM+TOF+PSF组 SUVmax、SUVpeak、SUVmean 和 SNR分别提高 28.17%、19.19%、33.83%和12.15%(均 P<0.01).与 OSEM+TOF+PSF 组相比,OSEM+TOF+PSF+GF(2 mm FWHM)组 SUVmax、SUVpeak和SUVmean分别降低 12.12%、52.05%和9.24%,SNR提高3.42%(均P<0.05);OSEM+TOF+PSF+GF(4 mm FWHM)组 SUVmax、SUVpeak 和 SUVmean 分别降低 56.67%、69.79%和 34.75%,SNR 提高10.10%(均P<0.05);OSEM+TOF+PSF+GF(6 mm FWHM)组SUVmax、SUVpeak、SUVmean和SNR分别降低 115.91%、99.10%、73.63%和 1.75%(均P<0.05);OSEM+TOF+PSF+GF(8 mm FWHM)组 SUVmax、SUVpeak、SUVmean 和 SNR 分别降低 198.38%、140.65%、126.04%和 18.68%(均P<0.05);OSEM+TOF+PSF+GF(10 mm FWHM)组 SUVmax、SUVpeak、SUVmean和 SNR分别降低 311.94%、198.99%、201.85%和60.47%(均P<0.05).2名医师对FBP、OSEM、OSEM+TOF、OSEM+PSF和OSEM+TOF+PSF重建算法肺结节PET图像视觉评分优秀率均值分别为0、11.63%、25.58%、18.60%和50.00%;OSEM+TOF+PSF+GF(GF的FWHM分别为2、4、6、8和10mm)重建算法肺结节PET图像视觉评分优秀率均值分别为51.16%、54.65%、54.65%、33.72%和 10.47%.结论:在所有重建算法中,OSEM+TOF+PSF+GF(4 mm FWHM)重建算法可以获得最佳的肺结节PET图像视觉评分和SNR,但降低了肺结节的SUV.

^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像对甲状腺偶发结节的诊断价值

目的探讨18氟-脱氧葡萄糖(^(18)F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET/CT)显像对甲状腺偶发结节的鉴别诊断价值及甲状腺结节为恶性病变的相关危险因素。方法将从2012年1月至2020年10月期间在西安交通大学第一附属医院行^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像并发现甲状腺机会瘤的患者纳入研究,以穿刺后细胞学诊断或外科手术后病理结果为金标准,分析最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)的诊断价值,并分析甲状腺结节为恶性病变的危险因素。结果58例经金标准最终确诊的患者参与了本研究,其中良性12例,恶性46例[分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)30例,65.20%]。恶性病灶的SUVmax均值明显高于良性病灶,两者间差异存在统计学意义(P<0.001)。当SUVmax截断值为3.045时,^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断灵敏度和特异性分别为76.10%和75.00%。当SUVmax大于7时,阳性预测值达到100.00%。但由于恶性病灶大小与SUVmax间存在相关性,故当病灶较小且SUVmax值较低时临床需要谨慎处理。表现为局灶性^(18)F-FDG摄取异常的病灶,其为恶性病变的危险性较弥漫性^(18)F-FDG摄取异常及仅CT表现异常的病灶更高(P=0.047)。结论SUVmax是甲状腺机会瘤鉴别诊断的一个重要指标。当病灶较小且SUVmax值较低,不能排除恶性病变的可能,临床需要谨慎处理。局灶性^(18)F-FDG摄取增高的病灶,恶性风险高于弥漫性^(18)F-FDG摄取增高的病灶,CT表现为低密度的病灶,仍需考虑甲状腺恶性肿瘤的可能,尤其是甲状腺微小乳头状癌。

最大标准摄取值与甲状腺癌患者临床病理特征的关系及其对预后的评估价值

目的 探讨^(18)F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(^(18)F-FDG)PET-CT检查的最大标准摄取值与甲状腺癌患者临床病理特征的关系及其对预后的评估价值。方法 选取88例甲状腺癌患者,对其进行^(18)F-FDG PET-CT检查,比较甲状腺癌组织和癌旁组织^(18)F-FDG PET-CT的最大标准摄取值,以及不同临床病理特征患者甲状腺癌组织的最大标准摄取值。分析最大标准摄取值与肿瘤直径的相关性。比较不同最大标准摄取值患者的预后。结果 甲状腺癌组织最大标准摄取值为(5.37±1.12),癌旁组织最大标准摄取值为(1.61±0.34),甲状腺癌组织最大标准摄取值高于癌旁组织(P<0.05)。肿瘤直径>1 cm、有淋巴结转移甲状腺癌患者的最大标准摄取值高于肿瘤直径≤1 cm、无淋巴结转移患者(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,甲状腺癌患者最大标准摄取值与肿瘤直径呈正相关(P<0.05)。癌组织中高最大标准摄取值的甲状腺癌患者生存率低于低最大标准摄取值的患者(P<0.05)。结论 甲状腺癌患者癌组织^(18)F-FDG PET-CT的最大标准摄取值升高,最大标准摄取值与肿瘤直径及患者预后密切相关。