ADAPTIVE FUSION ALGORITHMS BASED ON WEIGHTED LEAST SQUARE METHOD

Weighted fusion algorithms, which can be applied in the area of multi-sensor data fusion, are advanced based on weighted least square method. A weighted fusion algorithm, in which the relationship between weight coefficients and measurement noise is established, is proposed by giving attention to the correlation of measurement noise. Then a simplified weighted fusion algorithm is deduced on the assumption that measurement noise is uncorrelated. In addition, an algorithm, which can adjust the weight coefficients in the simplified algorithm by making estimations of measurement noise from measurements, is presented. It is proved by emulation and experiment that the precision performance of the multi-sensor system based on these algorithms is better than that of the multi-sensor system based on other algorithms.

A correlation analysis of BroselowTM Pediatric Emergency Tape-determined pediatric weight with actual pediatric weight in India

BACKGROUND:The Broselow?Pediatric Emergency Tape indicates standardized,precalculated medication doses,dose delivery volumes,and equipment sizes using color-coded zones based on height-weight correlations.The present study attempted to provide more evidence on the effectiveness of the Broselow?Pediatric Emergency Tape by comparing the tape-estimated weights with actual weights.We hypothesized that the Broselow?Pediatric Emergency Tape would overestimate weights in Indian children aged<10 years,leading to inaccurate dosing and equipment sizing in the emergency setting.METHODS:This prospective study of pediatric patients aged<10 years who were divided into three groups based on actual body weight:<10 kg,10–18 kg,and>18 kg.We calculated the percentage difference between the Broselow-predicted weight and the measured weight as a measure of tape bias.Concordant results were those with a mean percent difference within 3%.Standard deviation was measured to determine precision.Accuracy was determined as color-coded zone prediction and measured weight concordance,including the percentage overestimation by 1–2 zones.RESULTS:The male-to-female ratio of the patients was 1.3:1.Total agreement between colorcoding was 63.18%(κ=0.582).The Broselow?color-coded zone agreement was 74.8%in the<10kg group,61.24%in the 10–18 kg group,and 53.42%in the>18 kg group.CONCLUSIONS:The Broselow?Pediatric Emergency Tape showed good evidence for being more reliable in children of the<10 kg and 10–18 kg groups.However,as pediatric weight increased,predictive reliability decreased.This raises concerns over the use of the Broselow?Pediatric Emergency Tape in Indian children because body weight was overestimated in those weighing>18 kg.

Self-tuning weighted measurement fusion Kalman filter and its convergence

For multisensor systems,when the model parameters and the noise variances are unknown,the consistent fused estimators of the model parameters and noise variances are obtained,based on the system identification algorithm,correlation method and least squares fusion criterion.Substituting these consistent estimators into the optimal weighted measurement fusion Kalman filter,a self-tuning weighted measurement fusion Kalman filter is presented.Using the dynamic error system analysis （DESA） method,the convergence of the self-tuning weighted measurement fusion Kalman filter is proved,i.e.,the self-tuning Kalman filter converges to the corresponding optimal Kalman filter in a realization.Therefore,the self-tuning weighted measurement fusion Kalman filter has asymptotic global optimality.One simulation example for a 4-sensor target tracking system verifies its effectiveness.

ABSOLUTE CONTINUITIES OF EXIT MEASURES AND TOTAL WEIGHTED OCCUPATION TIME MEASURES FOR SUPER-α-STABLE PROCESSES

Suppose X is a super-α-stable process in R^d, （0 〈 α〈 2）, whose branching rate function is dr, and branching mechanism is of the form ψ（z） = z^1＋β （0 〈0 〈β ≤1）. Let Xγ and Yγ denote the exit measure and the total weighted occupation time measure of X in a bounded smooth domain D, respectively. The absolute continuities of Xγ and Yγ are discussed.

MEASUREMENT OF NUMBER AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF STYRENE OLIGOMER BY ^(13)C-NMR METHOD

^(13)C-NMR ~1H-decoupled spectra of styrene polymers were assigned by comparison with modelcompounds, then used in measurements of number average molecular weights. The higher limit of an exactdetermination of the end group signal is less than a molecular weight of 10~4. For polymer samples withM_n<10~3, the results obtained from ^(13)C-NMR spectra of saturated carbon region are in excellent agreementwith the values determined by ~1H-NMR, SEC, and VPO methods, while the results from ^(13)C-NMR spectra ofphenyl C-1 carbon region are somewhat higher than the values determined by other methods.

Malicious Activities Prediction Over Online Social Networking Using Ensemble Model

With the vast advancements in Information Technology,the emergence of Online Social Networking(OSN)has also hit its peak and captured the atten-tion of the young generation people.The clone intends to replicate the users and inject massive malicious activities that pose a crucial security threat to the original user.However,the attackers also target this height of OSN utilization,explicitly creating the clones of the user’s account.Various clone detection mechanisms are designed based on social-network activities.For instance,monitoring the occur-rence of clone edges is done to restrict the generation of clone activities.However,this assumption is unsuitable for a real-time environment and works optimally during the simulation process.This research concentrates on modeling and effi-cient clone prediction and avoidance methods to help the social network activists and the victims enhance the clone prediction accuracy.This model does not rely on assumptions.Here,an ensemble Adaptive Random Subspace is used for clas-sifying the clone victims with k-Nearest Neighbour(k-NN)as a base classifier.The weighted clone nodes are analysed using the weighted graph theory concept based on the classified results.When the weighted node’s threshold value is high-er,the trust establishment is terminated,and the clones are ranked and sorted in the higher place for termination.Thus,the victims are alert to the clone propaga-tion over the online social networking end,and the validation is done using the MATLAB 2020a simulation environment.The model shows a better trade-off than existing approaches like Random Forest(RF),Naïve Bayes(NB),and the standard graph model.Various performance metrics like True Positive Rate(TPR),False Alarm Rate(FAR),Recall,Precision,F-measure,and ROC and run time analysis are evaluated to show the significance of the model.

An Approach to Unsupervised Character Classification Based on Similarity Measure in Fuzzy Model

This paper presents a fuzzy logic approach to efficiently perform unsupervised character classification for improvement in robustness, correctness and speed of a character recognition system. The characters are first split into eight typographical categories. The classification scheme uses pattern matching to classify the characters in each category into a set of fuzzy prototypes based on a nonlinear weighted similarity function. The fuzzy unsupervised character classification, which is natural in the repre...

Industrial Green Spatial Pattern Evolution of Yangtze River Economic Belt in China

We use the directional slacks-based measure of efficiency and inverse distance weighting method to analyze the spatial pattern evolution of the industrial green total factor productivity of 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2003–2013.Results show that both the subprime mortgage crisis and ‘the new normal' had significant negative effects on productivity growth,leading to the different spatial patterns between 2003–2008 and 2009–2013.Before 2008,green poles had gathered around some capital cities and formed a tripartite pattern,which was a typical core-periphery pattern.Due to a combination of the polarization and the diffusion effects,capital cities became the growth poles and ‘core' regions,while surrounding areas became the ‘periphery'.This was mainly caused by the innate advantage of capital cities and ‘the rise of central China' strategy.After 2008,the tripartite pattern changed to a multi-poles pattern where green poles continuously and densely spread in the midstream and downstream areas.This is due to the regional difference in the leading effect of green poles.The leading effect of green poles in midstream and downstream areas has changed from polarization to diffusion,while the polarization effect still leads in the upstream area.

Comparative study on the corrosion behavior of low alloy steels in sulfuric acid solution

The corrosion behavior of a weathering steel SPA-C and two acid resistance steels（ S-TEN1 and ND）in sulfuric acid solution was investigated by using potentiodynamic polarization and weight loss measurement techniques. Both potentiodynamic polarization and weight loss measurement tests indicated that corrosion resistance of these three alloy steels was as follows： ND ~ S-TEN1 〉 SPA-C. Surface analysis of the corroded samples conducted after the immersion test indicated that two layers were formed on the substrates, with the outer layer comprising FeSO4. H20 and the inner layer mainly comprising iron oxides. The addition of Cu, Cr, and Sb refined the corrosion products and improved the adhesion ability between the rust layer and the substrate.

Preliminary Measurement of Internal Organs of Congjiang Fragrance Pig and Huanjiang Fragrance Pig

Fragrance pig is a famous miniature local breed in China,which is similar to human on the aspects of physical structure,anatomy,nutrition,metabolism and blood biochemical indicators. The internal organs of Congjiang fragrance pig and Huanjiang fragrance pig with different month ages were weighed. The results showed that the proportion of stomach in body weight in Congjiang fragrance pig was higher than that in Min pig,Harbin white and Landrace,and the proportion of large intestine in body weight in Congjiang fragrance pig was also higher than that in ordinary pigs; the weights of heart,liver and kidney in 8- 10 months old Congjiang fragrance pig were similar to that in Chinese adults. This provided reference data for future in-depth development and utilization of fragrance pig.

Posture-invariant hybrid scaling weight measurement algorithm for live eels

To obtain higher economic benefits,large eel breeding companies classify live eels by weight.Due to their strong mobility and smooth body surface,living eels are not suitable for traditional mechanical weight measurement.In this study,a live eel sorting machine based on machine vision was developed,and a novel method was developed for obtaining live eel weight measurements through images.First,a backlit workbench was designed to capture static images of eels,and then the projection area and skeleton length of the images were obtained by image preprocessing.For the eel's body shape,which is generally cylindrical and gradually transitions to a flat tail,the tail posture changes affect the shape of the images;thus,a weight measurement model combining the projected area and the skeleton length was proposed.The optimal scale division coefficient of the weight model was found to be 0.745 by experimentation.Then,select eels of different weight ranges were used for model error verification and to obtain the correction function of the error.The weight gradient was used to confirm the corrected eel weight model.Finally,the system calculation results were compared with the actual measurement results.The root mean square error(RMSE)was 12.94 g,and the mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)was 2.12%.The results show that the proposed method provided a convenient,fast,and low-cost non-contact weight measurement method for live eels,reduced the damage rate of live eels,and can meet the technical requirements of actual production.

ORDERED WEIGHTED DISTANCE MEASURE

The aim of this paper is to develop an ordered weighted distance （OWD） measure, which is the generalization of some widely used distance measures, including the normalized Hamming distance, the normalized Euclidean distance, the normalized geometric distance, the max distance, the median distance and the rain distance, etc. Moreover, the ordered weighted averaging operator, the generalized ordered weighted aggregation operator, the ordered weighted geometric operator, the averaging operator, the geometric mean operator, the ordered weighted square root operator, the square root operator, the max operator, the median operator and the rain operator are also the special cases of the OWD measure. Some methods depending on the input arguments are given to determine the weights associated with the OWD measure. The prominent characteristic of the OWD measure is that it can relieve （or intensify） the influence of unduly large or unduly small deviations on the aggregation results by assigning them low （or high） weights. This desirable characteristic makes the OWD measure very suitable to be used in many actual fields, including group decision making, medical diagnosis, data mining, and pattern recognition, etc. Finally, based on the OWD measure, we develop a group decision making approach, and illustrate it with a numerical example.

A Log-Index Weighted Cepstral Distance Measure for Speech Recognition

A log-index weighted cepstral distance measure is proposed and tested in speaker-independent and speaker-dependent isolated word recognition systems using statistic techniques. The weights for the cepstral coefficients of this measure equal the logarithm of the corresponding indices. The experimental results show that this kind of measure works better than any other weighted Euclidean cepstral distance measures on three speech databases. The error rate obtained using this measure is about 1.8 percent for three databases on average, which is a 25% reduction from that obtained using other measures, and a 40% reduction from that obtained using Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) measure. The experimental results also show that this kind of distance measure works well in both speaker-dependent and speaker-independent speech recognition systems.

Bounded and Compact Toeplitz Operators on the Weighted Bergman Space over the Bidisk

Forα〉1,let dvαdenote the weighted Lebesgue measure on the bidisk andμa complex measure satisfying some Carleson-type conditions.In this paper,we show a sufcient and necessary condition for the Toeplitz operatorTαˉμto be bounded or compact on weighted Bergman spaceL1a（dvα）.

HbA_(1C) as a Biomarker of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Comparison with Anthropometric Parameters

Background and Aims:Multiple non-invasive methods including radiological,anthropometric and biochemical markers have been reported with variable performance.The present study assessed glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1C)as a biomarker to predict non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and its severity,compared with body mass index(BMI),waist to hip ratio(WHR)and waist circumference(WC)Methods:This case control study included 450 individuals,including 150 cases and 300 age-and gender-matched controls recruited from the Dow Radiology Institute on the basis of radiological findings of fatty infiltration on abdominal ultrasound through convenient sampling.BMI,WHR and WC were measured according to standard protocols.HbA1C was determined by turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay Results:Among the cases and controls,66%and 32%had HbA1C levels higher than 5.7%respectively.HbA1C and BMI were significantly associated with NAFLD[crude odds ratio(cOR)=4.12,2.88,2.25(overweight)and 4.32(obese)].WC was found to be significantly associated with NAFLD for both genders(cOR in males=5.50 and females=5.79,p<0.01).After adjustment for other parameters,HbA1C and WC were found to be significantly associated with NAFLD(aOR=3.40,p<0.001)along with WC in males(aOR=2.91,p<0.05)and in females(aOR=4.28,p<0.05).A significant rise in severity of hepatic steatosis was noted with increases in HbA1C,BMI and WC.HbA1C possessed a positive predictive value of 76%for the study population[0.76,confidence interval(CI):0.715-0.809],70.6%for males(0.706,CI:0.629-0.783)and 80%for females(0.80,CI:0.741-0.858).Conclusions:Higher than normal HbA1C and WC measurements possess a more than 70%potential to predict NAFLD.It is the single risk factor that is strongly associated with NAFLD after adjustment for indices of body measurements.HbA1C may be presented as a potential biomarker for NAFLD in examination with other anthropometric measures in the adult population.

A Functional LIL for Integrated α Stable Process

Let {X（t）,t ∈ R＋} be an integrated α stable process. In this paper, a functional law of the iterated logarithm （LIL） is derived via estimating the small ball probability of X. As a corollary,, the classical Chung LIL of X is obtained. Furthermore, some results about the weighted occupation measure of X（t） are established.

A Functional LIL for m-Fold Integrated Brownian Motion

Let {Xm（t）, t∈R＋} be an m-Fold integrated Brownian motion. In this paper, with the help of small ball probability estimate, a functional law of the iterated logarithm （LIL） for Xm（t） is established. This extends the classic Chung type liminf result for this process. Furthermore, a result about the weighted occupation measure for Xm（t） is also obtained.