Measurement of air kerma rate and ambient dose equivalent rate using the G(E) function with hemispherical CdZnTe detector

Since the room-temperature detector CdZnTe(CZT) has advantages in terms of detection efficiency,energy resolution, and size, it has been extensively used to detect X-rays and gamma-rays. So far, nuclear radiation detectors such as cerium chloride doped with lanthanum bromide(LaBr_3(Ce)), thallium doped with cesium iodide(sI(Tl)), thallium doped with sodium iodide(NaI(Tl)),and high-purity germanium(HPGe) primarily use the spectroscopy-dose rate function(G(E)) to achieve the accurate measurement of air kerma rate(K_a) and ambient dose equivalent rate(H*(10)). However, the spectroscopy-dose rate function has been rarely measured for a CZT detector. In this study, we performed spectrum measurement using a hemispherical CZT detector in a radiation protection standards laboratory. The spectroscopy-dose rate function G(E) of the CZT detector was calculated using the least-squares method combined with the standard dose rate at the measurement position. The results showed that the hemispherical CZT detector could complete the measurement of air kerma rate(K_a) and ambient dose equivalent rate(H*(10)) by using the G(E) function at energies between 48 keV and 1.25 MeV, and the relative intrinsic errors were, respectively, controlled within ± 2. 3 and ± 2. 1%.

Multiple Scattering Between Adjacent Sound Sources in Head-Related Transfer Function Measurement System

To accelerate head-related transfer functions(HRTFs)measurement,two or more independent sound sources are usually employed in the measurement system.However,the multiple scattering between adjacent sound sources may influence the accuracy of measurement.On the other hand,the directivity of sound source could induce measurement error.Therefore,a model consisting of two spherical sound sources with approximate omni-directivity and a rigid-spherical head is proposed to evaluate the errors in HRTF measurement caused by multiple scattering between sources.An example of analysis using multipole re-expansion indicates that the error of ipsilateral HRTFs are within the bound of±1.0 dB below a frequency of 20 kHz,provided that the sound source radius does not exceed 0.025 m,the source distance relative to head center is not less than 0.5 m,and the angular interval between two adjacent sources is not less than 20 degrees.Similar conclusions under different conditions can also be analyzed and discussed by using this calculation method.Furthermore,the results are verified by measurements of HRTFs for a rigid sphere and a KEMAR artificial head.

Synchronization of chaos using radial basis functions neural networks

The Radial Basis Functions Neural Network （RBFNN） is used to establish the model of a response system through the input and output data of the system. The synchronization between a drive system and the response system can be implemented by employing the RBFNN model and state feedback control. In this case, the exact mathematical model, which is the precondition for the conventional method, is unnecessary for implementing synchronization. The effect of the model error is investigated and a corresponding theorem is developed. The effect of the parameter perturbations and the measurement noise is investigated through simulations. The simulation results under different conditions show the effectiveness of the method.

Investigate Targeted Factors to Achieve Prediction Goal in Stroke Convalescence in Terms of Causal Relationships of Prediction Error

Background and Purpose: To investigate target functional independence measure (FIM) items to achieve the prediction goal in terms of the causal relationships between prognostic prediction error and FIM among stroke patients in the convalescent phase using the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. Methods: A total of 2992 stroke patients registered in the Japanese Rehabilitation Database were analyzed retrospectively. The prediction error was calculated based on a prognostic prediction formula proposed in a previous study. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) then the factor was determined using confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA). Finally, multivariate analyses were performed using SEM analysis. Results: The fitted indices of the hypothesized model estimated based on EFA were confirmed by CFA. The factors estimated by EFA were applied, and interpreted as follows: “Transferring (T-factor),” “Dressing (D-factor),” and “Cognitive function (C-factor).” The fit of the structural model based on the three factors and prediction errors was supported by the SEM analysis. The effects of the D- and C-factors yielded similar causal relationships on prediction error. Meanwhile, the effects between the prediction error and the T-factor were low. Observed FIM items were related to their domains in the structural model, except for the dressing of the upper body and memory (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Transfer, which was not heavily considered in the previous prediction formula, was found in causal relationships with prediction error. It is suggested to intervene to transfer together with positive factors to recovery for achieving the prediction goal.

基于EVM测量算法的移动终端接入控制技术

针对移动终端接入用户和数据的特征难以准确判定,影响移动终端接入控制精准度的问题,提出一种基于EVM(Error Vector Magnitud)测量算法的接入控制技术。考虑到环境中噪声和其他干扰因素影响,以Qos(Quality of Srvice)条件为用户的初始接入条件,计算满足该条件的用户或数据的特征,将特征值转换为权重因子作为接入控制参照。采用EVM测量算法计算终端信道内外信号间的差值,结合用户权重因子推导得到移动终端的接入门限,求解不同用户门限值与控制数值间递增和递减函数,按照函数的优先级顺序,实现移动终端接入的精准控制。实验数据证明,所提方法接入控制精准度高,控制后终端传输时延、阻塞率得到了明显的改善,数据到达率也有明显提升。

基于Fisher最优分割法的机床热关键点优化研究

利用温度测点建立热误差模型时,测点的选取直接影响到模型的精度。采用一种最优化分段方法——Fisher最优分割法,以试验采集到的原始数据作为分析数据,通过计算分类的直径、比较各类中的误差函数,对机床测点变量进行分类,经过对各类中温度变量与热误差之间相关系数的计算,获得用于热误差建模的热关键点,从而完成测点优化。利用多元线性回归方法对其优化出的测点建立热误差模型,与采用变量分组优化选出的温度测点建立的热误差模型进行比较,结果说明Fisher最优分割法可行、实用性强。

离子推力器羽流测量E×B探针设计及误差分析

分析了E×B探针测量离子电推进羽流的误差,重点讨论了E×B探针的分辨率以及E×B探针设计的主要问题。设计了一种用于离子推力器羽流双荷离子测量的E×B探针。

基于Gerchberg-Papoulis算法的平面近场截断误差修正方法研究

在平面近场天线测量中,有限扫描面截断是影响测量精度的主要误差源之一,找到解决截断误差的方法是天线测量的研究重点之一.文中将平面近场天线测量中由有限区域内的场求平面波谱的过程抽象为带限函数外推的数学模型,从实际测量中的近远场变换理论出发,论证了GP(Gerchberg-Papoulis)算法应用在平面近场测量中在理论上是切实可行的.将GP算法应用在平面近场天线测量中,并分析了不同迭代次数算法的修正情况.结果表明,随着算法迭代次数的增多,可信角域外计算方向图与理论方向图差别明显减小.因此,本文的方法能够明显减小平面近场测量中截断误差的影响.除此以外,还分析了误差对算法收敛性的影响,结果表明,误差对算法修正效果影响较大.

Welch功率谱估计算法在相位噪声测量中的应用

针对传统的功率谱估计方法存在频谱分布不稳定、无法反映信号时变特性的问题,提出了一种基于Welch功率谱估计的相位噪声测量算法。该方法通过对不同的被测信号进行功率谱的估计,可以相应地选择Welch法数据分段和窗函数,并对相位噪声建立数学模型。随后对相位噪声与噪声功率谱之间的关系进行了分析。测试结果表明,该方法不但具有能适应噪声信号的随机性和脉冲性的优点,而且大大减小了噪声功率谱的均方误差,能很好地应用在相位噪声测量中。

渐消自适应Unscented粒子滤波及其在组合导航中的应用

提出一种新的渐消自适应Unscented粒子滤波算法,通过Sigma点来获取状态估值和协方差阵,利用渐消因子自适应的调节权值大小,得到一种参数可调节的重要性密度函数。该重要性密度函数考虑了最新量测的影响,更合理地利用有效信息,保证了粒子多样性,使滤波性能明显改善,能更好地解决非线性非高斯系统模型的滤波问题。将提出的算法应用于SINS/SAR组合导航系统中,与扩展Kalman滤波和渐消自适应扩展Kalman滤波比较,仿真结果表明,提出的滤波算法能提高导航解算的精度,其性能明显优于扩展Kalman滤波和渐消自适应扩展Kalman滤波。

测量误差数据下单指标模型的非参数模拟外推估计

研究了测量误差数据下一类单指标模型的估计问题.结合局部线性平滑法和核密度估计法,提出一种基于非参数模拟外推的模型估计方法 .所提出的非参数模拟外推估计,不需要假定观测变量的具体分布并且不需要假定测量误差的方差已知,具有较广的适应性.在一些正则条件下,证明了非参数模拟外推方法给出的参数估计量的渐近正态性.

单片机上一种新颖实用的e^x函数计算方法

详细介绍了一种在8096/98系列单片机上实现的新颖的ex函数的计算方法。该算法是在数的二进制分解的基础上，充分利用了指数函数的特性和浮点数在单片机中的存储特点，计算速度快、精度高，有很强的实用性。

关于Tumura-Clunie定理的注记

设f为非常数亚纯函数 ,F =anfn+an-kfn-k+… +a0 ,(1≤k为自然数 ) ,其中a0 ,a1,… ,an-k,an 为亚纯函数 ,满足T(r,ai(z) ) =o(T(r,f) ) ,r→∞ ,r E mesE<∞ ,那么有 若k≤ 2则F ≡an(f +an- 1nan) n 或 2T(r,f)≤N(r,1F) +N(r,f) +N(r,1f +an- 1nan) +S(r,f) , 若k≥ 3则F ≡anfn 或者N(r,1F) ≥ (k- 2 )T(r,f) +S(r ,f) .

关于Lp(E)的几个结果的一个证明

使用梯函数技巧证明了Ｗ（Ｅ）是Ｌｐ（Ｅ）的稠密子集。

刻度平方误差损失函数下几何分布的Bayes可靠性分析

在刻度平方误差损失函数下,研究了几何分布可靠度的Bayes统计推断问题。在可靠度的先验分布为无信息先验分布下,得到了可靠度的Bayes和E-Bayes估计。最后通过Monte Carlo数值模拟对几种估计进行比较。

PA样本下刻度指数族参数的渐近最优的EB估计

本文在PA样本下研究刻度指数族参数的渐近最优的经验Bayes估计,在刻度平方误差损失函数下导出参数的Bayes估计,利用核估计的方法构造了参数的EB估计,并且证明这种估计的渐近最优性,最后给出一个例子.

HUID:DBN-Based Fingerprint Localization and Tracking System with Hybrid UWB and IMU

High-precision localization technology is attracting widespread attention in harsh indoor environments.In this paper,we present a fingerprint localization and tracking system to estimate the locations of the tag based on a deep belief network(DBN).In this system,we propose using coefficients as fingerprints to combine the ultra-wideband(UWB)and inertial measurement unit(IMU)estimation linearly,termed as a HUID system.In particular,the fingerprints are trained by a DBN and estimated by a radial basis function(RBF).However,UWB-based estimation via a trilateral method is severely affected by the non-line-of-sight(NLoS)problem,which limits the localization precision.To tackle this problem,we adopt the random forest classifier to identify line-of-sight(LoS)and NLoS conditions.Then,we adopt the random forest regressor to mitigate ranging errors based on the identification results for improving UWB localization precision.The experimental results show that the mean square error(MSE)of the localization error for the proposed HUID system reduces by 12.96%,50.16%,and 64.92%compared with that of the existing extended Kalman filter(EKF),single UWB,and single IMU estimation methods,respectively.

部分函数型EV回归模型的经验似然推断

针对解释变量带有测量误差的部分函数型线性回归模型,引入一个合适辅助向量,构造出未知参数的经验对数似然比函数,给出了未知参数和未知系数的极大经验似然估计。进一步证明了所构造似然比函数具有渐近卡方分布,并基于此构造了未知参数的渐近置信域。同时,也证明了给出的未知参数的估计与最小二乘估计一样具有渐近正态性。最后给出系数函数的收敛速度,达到了最优收敛速度。讨论的结果说明经验似然方法对部分函数型EV回归模型的统计推断是有效的。

刻度平方误差损失下Pareto分布参数的E Bayes和多层Bayes估计

在对给定容量为n的一个Pareto分布样本X 1,X 2,…,Xn,在刻度平方误差损失函数下,利用先验分布讨论Pareto分布参数λ的E Bayes估计和多层Bayes估计.

Trajectory Control: Directional MWD Inversely New Wellbore Positioning Accuracy Prediction Method

The deviation control of directional drilling is essentially the controlling of two angles of the wellbore actually drilled, namely, the inclination and azimuth. In directional drilling the bit trajectory never coincides exactly with the planned path, which is usually a plane curve with straight, building, holding, and dropping sections in succession. The drilling direction is of course dependant on the direction of the resultant forces acting on the bit and it is quite a tough job to hit the optimum target at the hole bottom as required. The traditional passive methods for correcting the drilling path have not met the demand to improve the techniques of deviation control. A method for combining wellbore surveys to obtain a composite, more accurate well position relies on accepting the position of the well from the most accurate survey instrument used in a given section of the wellbore. The error in each position measurement is the sum of many independent root sources of error effects. The relationship between surveys and other influential factors is considered, along with an analysis of different points of view. The collaborative work describes, establishes a common starting point of wellbore position uncertainty model, definition of what constitutes an error model, mathematics of position uncertainty calculation and an error model for basic directional service.