The similarities and differences of ASTM and China GB standard are studied in three aspects:measure instrument,terminology and applicable field.They are similar on the measuring apparatus and GB has less measurements,...The similarities and differences of ASTM and China GB standard are studied in three aspects:measure instrument,terminology and applicable field.They are similar on the measuring apparatus and GB has less measurements,such as girth,length and width measurements than ASTM and it lack across chest width,back width,total crotch length and shoulder slope which are important measurements in pattern making.ASTM classifies its standards according to the customers' size,gender and age.So we think GB standard could make some modifications from these fields to satisfy the users.展开更多
Stations are often regarded as change engines--places where passengers have to change as quickly and efficiently as possible from one mode of transport to another. Underpinned by research, NS （Netherlands Railways） ...Stations are often regarded as change engines--places where passengers have to change as quickly and efficiently as possible from one mode of transport to another. Underpinned by research, NS （Netherlands Railways） currently takes the view that stations should be transformed into dynamic urban portals that not only facilitate a speedy transfer but also make the stay at the station more enjoyable. To discover which aspects the customer perceives as important, NS developed a research method that is based on enviromnental psychology and with which the impact of passengers＇ waiting and station experience can be measured. This article addresses the measures taken, the method of measurement and the measurement results. Examples of such measures are： experimenting with colour, light, music, infotainment and increasing and repositioning the shopping facilities. Our studies not only showed an increase in the score for the general evaluation of a test station （Leiden Central Station） with one full point but also significant positive effects on various aspects of waiting and experience.展开更多
We introduce notions of ordinary and standard products of a-finite measures and prove their existence. This approach allows us to construct invariant extensions of ordinary and standard products of Haar measures. In p...We introduce notions of ordinary and standard products of a-finite measures and prove their existence. This approach allows us to construct invariant extensions of ordinary and standard products of Haar measures. In particular, we construct translation-invariant extensions of ordinary and standard Lebesgue measures on R∞ and Rogers-Fremlin measures on l∞, respectively, such that topological weights of quasi-metric spaces associated with these measures are maximal （i.e., 2c）. We also solve some Fremlin problems concerned with an existence of uniform measures in Banach spaces.展开更多
Current studies on blasting construction of small clear-distance tunnels have not considered the impact of existing tunnel lining defects when establishing safety controls.This paper offers a series of study results b...Current studies on blasting construction of small clear-distance tunnels have not considered the impact of existing tunnel lining defects when establishing safety controls.This paper offers a series of study results based on the blasting project of a new tunnel adjacent to the existing defect Xinling tunnel to thoroughly examine the dynamic response,safety control standards,and measures of the existing defect tunnel.First,structural models were developed to investigate the influence of the presence or absence of specific defects(like lining cracks and cavities behind the lining)on the dynamic response of the current tunnel lining to identify the most unfavorable defect distribution.Then,establish safety control standards for intact linings and those with the most unfavorable defects.Eventually,two types of control measures,single safe charge and reasonable delay time,were studied based on the established safety control standards.In particular,the most adverse position of cracks was the wall facing the explosion,the rise in depth was more unfavorable for vibration response,and the impact of the longitudinal crack was restricted to the vicinity of the crack.While the vault was the most adverse cavity position,the rise in cavity area was more damaging,and the influence range varied with longitudinal cavity length.Moreover,the impact of cracks was mainly evident in the amplification effect of stress at the crack region.In contrast,cavities had varied degrees of amplification effects on the vibration velocity and stress response and a relatively extensive influence range.Safety control research was conducted,when the tunnel was intact,with a right wall crack,a vault cavity,and both vault cavity and crack for this project,the peak particle velocity(PPV)of the safety control standard for vibration velocity was 13,10,13,and 8 cm/s,respectively,and the respective single safe charge could be adjusted at 64,53,37,and 25 kg.However,the presence of different defects had a relatively negligible effect on the reasonable delay time;25 ms was recommended for existing tunnel lining with and without the defect.展开更多
文摘The similarities and differences of ASTM and China GB standard are studied in three aspects:measure instrument,terminology and applicable field.They are similar on the measuring apparatus and GB has less measurements,such as girth,length and width measurements than ASTM and it lack across chest width,back width,total crotch length and shoulder slope which are important measurements in pattern making.ASTM classifies its standards according to the customers' size,gender and age.So we think GB standard could make some modifications from these fields to satisfy the users.
文摘Stations are often regarded as change engines--places where passengers have to change as quickly and efficiently as possible from one mode of transport to another. Underpinned by research, NS （Netherlands Railways） currently takes the view that stations should be transformed into dynamic urban portals that not only facilitate a speedy transfer but also make the stay at the station more enjoyable. To discover which aspects the customer perceives as important, NS developed a research method that is based on enviromnental psychology and with which the impact of passengers＇ waiting and station experience can be measured. This article addresses the measures taken, the method of measurement and the measurement results. Examples of such measures are： experimenting with colour, light, music, infotainment and increasing and repositioning the shopping facilities. Our studies not only showed an increase in the score for the general evaluation of a test station （Leiden Central Station） with one full point but also significant positive effects on various aspects of waiting and experience.
基金Supported by National Science Foundation of Georgia （Grants Nos. GNSF/ST 08/3-391, Sh. Rustaveli GNSF/ST 09_144-3-105）
文摘We introduce notions of ordinary and standard products of a-finite measures and prove their existence. This approach allows us to construct invariant extensions of ordinary and standard products of Haar measures. In particular, we construct translation-invariant extensions of ordinary and standard Lebesgue measures on R∞ and Rogers-Fremlin measures on l∞, respectively, such that topological weights of quasi-metric spaces associated with these measures are maximal （i.e., 2c）. We also solve some Fremlin problems concerned with an existence of uniform measures in Banach spaces.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2034205,and 52178397)。
文摘Current studies on blasting construction of small clear-distance tunnels have not considered the impact of existing tunnel lining defects when establishing safety controls.This paper offers a series of study results based on the blasting project of a new tunnel adjacent to the existing defect Xinling tunnel to thoroughly examine the dynamic response,safety control standards,and measures of the existing defect tunnel.First,structural models were developed to investigate the influence of the presence or absence of specific defects(like lining cracks and cavities behind the lining)on the dynamic response of the current tunnel lining to identify the most unfavorable defect distribution.Then,establish safety control standards for intact linings and those with the most unfavorable defects.Eventually,two types of control measures,single safe charge and reasonable delay time,were studied based on the established safety control standards.In particular,the most adverse position of cracks was the wall facing the explosion,the rise in depth was more unfavorable for vibration response,and the impact of the longitudinal crack was restricted to the vicinity of the crack.While the vault was the most adverse cavity position,the rise in cavity area was more damaging,and the influence range varied with longitudinal cavity length.Moreover,the impact of cracks was mainly evident in the amplification effect of stress at the crack region.In contrast,cavities had varied degrees of amplification effects on the vibration velocity and stress response and a relatively extensive influence range.Safety control research was conducted,when the tunnel was intact,with a right wall crack,a vault cavity,and both vault cavity and crack for this project,the peak particle velocity(PPV)of the safety control standard for vibration velocity was 13,10,13,and 8 cm/s,respectively,and the respective single safe charge could be adjusted at 64,53,37,and 25 kg.However,the presence of different defects had a relatively negligible effect on the reasonable delay time;25 ms was recommended for existing tunnel lining with and without the defect.
