Rational and Continuous Measurement of the Emotional Decision Making in Visual Recognition of Facial Emotional Expressions with M.A.R.I.E.: First Half

Context: The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) requires modeling prior to its implementation in algorithms for most human skills. This observation requires us to have a detailed and precise understanding of the interfaces of verbal and emotional communications. The progress of AI is significant on the verbal level but modest in terms of the recognition of facial emotions even if this functionality is one of the oldest in humans and is omnipresent in our daily lives. Dysfunction in the ability for facial emotional expressions is present in many brain pathologies encountered by psychiatrists, neurologists, psychotherapists, mental health professionals including social workers. It cannot be objectively verified and measured due to a lack of reliable tools that are valid and consistently sensitive. Indeed, the articles in the scientific literature dealing with Visual-Facial-Emotions-Recognition (ViFaEmRe), suffer from the absence of 1) consensual and rational tools for continuous quantified measurement, 2) operational concepts. We have invented a software that can use computer-morphing attempting to respond to these two obstacles. It is identified as the Method of Analysis and Research of the Integration of Emotions (M.A.R.I.E.). Our primary goal is to use M.A.R.I.E. to understand the physiology of ViFaEmRe in normal healthy subjects by standardizing the measurements. Then, it will allow us to focus on subjects manifesting abnormalities in this ability. Our second goal is to make our contribution to the progress of AI hoping to add the dimension of recognition of facial emotional expressions. Objective: To study: 1) categorical vs dimensional aspects of recognition of ViFaEmRe, 2) universality vs idiosyncrasy, 3) immediate vs ambivalent Emotional-Decision-Making, 4) the Emotional-Fingerprint of a face and 5) creation of population references data. Methods: With M.A.R.I.E. enable a rational quantified measurement of Emotional-Visual-Acuity (EVA) of 1) a) an individual observer, b) in a population aged 20 to 70 years old, 2) measure the range and intensity of expressed emotions by 3 Face-Tests, 3) quantify the performance of a sample of 204 observers with hyper normal measures of cognition, “thymia,” (ibid. defined elsewhere) and low levels of anxiety 4) analysis of the 6 primary emotions. Results: We have individualized the following continuous parameters: 1) “Emotional-Visual-Acuity”, 2) “Visual-Emotional-Feeling”, 3) “Emotional-Quotient”, 4) “Emotional-Deci-sion-Making”, 5) “Emotional-Decision-Making Graph” or “Individual-Gun-Trigger”6) “Emotional-Fingerprint” or “Key-graph”, 7) “Emotional-Finger-print-Graph”, 8) detecting “misunderstanding” and 9) detecting “error”. This allowed us a taxonomy with coding of the face-emotion pair. Each face has specific measurements and graphics. The EVA improves from ages of 20 to 55 years, then decreases. It does not depend on the sex of the observer, nor the face studied. In addition, 1% of people endowed with normal intelligence do not recognize emotions. The categorical dimension is a variable for everyone. The range and intensity of ViFaEmRe is idiosyncratic and not universally uniform. The recognition of emotions is purely categorical for a single individual. It is dimensional for a population sample. Conclusions: Firstly, M.A.R.I.E. has made possible to bring out new concepts and new continuous measurements variables. The comparison between healthy and abnormal individuals makes it possible to take into consideration the significance of this line of study. From now on, these new functional parameters will allow us to identify and name “emotional” disorders or illnesses which can give additional dimension to behavioral disorders in all pathologies that affect the brain. Secondly, the ViFaEmRe is idiosyncratic, categorical, and a function of the identity of the observer and of the observed face. These findings stack up against Artificial Intelligence, which cannot have a globalist or regionalist algorithm that can be programmed into a robot, nor can AI compete with human abilities and judgment in this domain. *Here “Emotional disorders” refers to disorders of emotional expressions and recognition.

Rational and Continuous Measurement of Emotional-Fingerprint, Emotional-Quotient and Categorical vs Proportional Recognition of Facial Emotions with M.A.R.I.E., Second Half

Context: The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) requires modeling prior to its implementation in algorithms for most human skills. This observation requires us to have a detailed and precise understanding of the interfaces of verbal and emotional communications. The progress of AI is significant on the verbal level but modest in terms of the recognition of facial emotions even if this functionality is one of the oldest in humans and is omnipresent in our daily lives. Dysfunction in the ability for facial emotional expressions is present in many brain pathologies encountered by psychiatrists, neurologists, psychotherapists, mental health professionals including social workers. It cannot be objectively verified and measured due to a lack of reliable tools that are valid and consistently sensitive. Indeed, the articles in the scientific literature dealing with Visual-Facial-Emotions-Recognition (ViFaEmRe), suffer from the absence of 1) consensual and rational tools for continuous quantified measurement, 2) operational concepts. We have invented a software that can use computer-morphing attempting to respond to these two obstacles. It is identified as the Method of Analysis and Research of the Integration of Emotions (M.A.R.I.E.). Our primary goal is to use M.A.R.I.E. to understand the physiology of ViFaEmRe in normal healthy subjects by standardizing the measurements. Then, it will allow us to focus on subjects manifesting abnormalities in this ability. Our second goal is to make our contribution to the progress of AI hoping to add the dimension of recognition of facial emotional expressions. Objective: To study: 1) categorical vs dimensional aspects of recognition of ViFaEmRe, 2) universality vs idiosyncrasy, 3) immediate vs ambivalent Emotional-Decision-Making, 4) the Emotional-Fingerprint of a face and 5) creation of population references data. Methods: M.A.R.I.E. enables the rational, quantified measurement of Emotional Visual Acuity (EVA) in an individual observer and a population aged 20 to 70 years. Meanwhile, it can measure the range and intensity of expressed emotions through three Face- Tests, quantify the performance of a sample of 204 observers with hypernormal measures of cognition, “thymia” (defined elsewhere), and low levels of anxiety, and perform analysis of the six primary emotions. Results: We have individualized the following continuous parameters: 1) “Emotional-Visual- Acuity”, 2) “Visual-Emotional-Feeling”, 3) “Emotional-Quotient”, 4) “Emotional-Decision-Making”, 5) “Emotional-Decision-Making Graph” or “Individual-Gun-Trigger”, 6) “Emotional-Fingerprint” or “Key-graph”, 7) “Emotional-Fingerprint-Graph”, 8) detecting “misunderstanding” and 9) detecting “error”. This allowed us a taxonomy with coding of the face-emotion pair. Each face has specific measurements and graphics. The EVA improves from ages of 20 to 55 years, then decreases. It does not depend on the sex of the observer, nor the face studied. In addition, 1% of people endowed with normal intelligence do not recognize emotions. The categorical dimension is a variable for everyone. The range and intensity of ViFaEmRe is idiosyncratic and not universally uniform. The recognition of emotions is purely categorical for a single individual. It is dimensional for a population sample. Conclusions: Firstly, M.A.R.I.E. has made possible to bring out new concepts and new continuous measurements variables. The comparison between healthy and abnormal individuals makes it possible to take into consideration the significance of this line of study. From now on, these new functional parameters will allow us to identify and name “emotional” disorders or illnesses which can give additional dimension to behavioral disorders in all pathologies that affect the brain. Secondly, the ViFaEmRe is idiosyncratic, categorical, and a function of the identity of the observer and of the observed face. These findings stack up against Artificial Intelligence, which cannot have a globalist or regionalist algorithm that can be programmed into a robot, nor can AI compete with human abilities and judgment in this domain. *Here “Emotional disorders” refers to disorders of emotional expressions and recognition.

Variations of Melanocortin Receptor 1 (MC1R) Gene in Three Pig Breeds

Variations of Melanocortin Receptor 1 （MC1R） were investigated using sequencing, PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP, in three pig breeds, Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc. Five polymorphic sites were found, in which 668G→C occurred within 5＇ UTR, nt894insCC in coding region resulting in a premature stop at codon 56, and 1318C→T, 1554G→A, l197G→A in coding region resulting in Ala164Val, Ala243Thr, and Asp124Asn respectively. All individuals in Landrace and Yorkshire present homozygous 668GG, 1197AA, 1318CC, and 1554GG, and have CC insertions at the 894 site, whereas the individuals in Duroc present a contrast homozygous 668CC, 1197GG, 1318TT, and 1554AA, and have no CC insertions at the corresponding site. No heterozygote has been found at these mutation sites. Presumably, 668G→C, 1318C→T, and 1554G→A may be associated with the recessive red color in the Duroc breed, and nt894insCC making 1197G→A nonsense may be associated with the white color in Landrace and Yorkshire breeds.

Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of CO2Fluxes and Their Climate Controlling Factors for a Subtropical Forest in Ningxiang

In this study, the diurnal and seasonal variations of CO2 fluxes in a subtropical mixed evergreen forest in Ningxiang of Hunan Province, part of the East Asian monsoon region, were quantified for the first time. The fluxes were based on eddy covariance measurements from a newly initiated flux tower. The relationship between the CO2 fluxes and climate factors was also analyzed. The results showed that the target ecosystem appeared to be a clear carbon sink in 2013, with integrated net ecosystem CO2exchange（NEE）, ecosystem respiration（RE）, and gross ecosystem productivity（GEP） of-428.8, 1534.8 and1963.6 g C m^-2yr^-1, respectively. The net carbon uptake（i.e. the-NEE）, RE and GEP showed obvious seasonal variability,and were lower in winter and under drought conditions and higher in the growing season. The minimum NEE occurred on12 June（-7.4 g C m^-2d^-1）, due mainly to strong radiation, adequate moisture, and moderate temperature; while a very low net CO2 uptake occurred in August（9 g C m^-2month^-1）, attributable to extreme summer drought. In addition, the NEE and GEP showed obvious diurnal variability that changed with the seasons. In winter, solar radiation and temperature were the main controlling factors for GEP, while the soil water content and vapor pressure deficit were the controlling factors in summer. Furthermore, the daytime NEE was mainly limited by the water-stress effect under dry and warm atmospheric conditions, rather than by the direct temperature-stress effect.

Highly accurate symplectic element based on two variational principles

For the stability requirement of numerical resultants, the mathematical theory of classical mixed methods are relatively complex. However, generalized mixed methods are automatically stable, and their building process is simple and straightforward. In this paper, based on the seminal idea of the generalized mixed methods, a simple, stable, and highly accurate 8-node noncompatible symplectic element(NCSE8) was developed by the combination of the modified Hellinger-Reissner mixed variational principle and the minimum energy principle. To ensure the accuracy of in-plane stress results, a simultaneous equation approach was also suggested. Numerical experimentation shows that the accuracy of stress results of NCSE8 are nearly the same as that of displacement methods, and they are in good agreement with the exact solutions when the mesh is relatively fine. NCSE8 has advantages of the clearing concept, easy calculation by a finite element computer program, higher accuracy and wide applicability for various linear elasticity compressible and nearly incompressible material problems. It is possible that NCSE8 becomes even more advantageous for the fracture problems due to its better accuracy of stresses.

Generalized system for strongly g-r-pseudomonotonic nonlinear variational inequalities in Hilbert spaces

The approximation solvability of a generalized system for strongly g-r- pseudomonotonic nonlinear variational inequalities in Hilbert spaces is studied based on the convergence of the projection method. The results presented in this paper improve, generalize and unify some recent results in the literature.

Generalized Variational Inequalities and Wiener-Hopf Equations in Hilbert Spaces

In this paper,we consider the solvability of generalized variational inequalities involving multi-valued relaxed monotone operators in the framework of Hilbert spaces.Our results mainly improve the corresponding results announced by Verma[R U Verma,Generalized variational inequalities involving multivalued relaxed monotone operators,Appl Math Lett,1997,10：107-109]and many others.

Measurement of EHL Oil Film Thickness for Space Bearing

Through optimizing the eletric parameters of the resistance-capacitance (R-C)oscillation,a measuring instrument is developed for measurement of EHL oil filmthickness.Actual measurement was made with space bearings and actual measurements arein good agreement with theoretical calculations.

Using Fuzzy Theory in %GR&R and NDC of Measurement System Analysis

ISO9001:2000 and TS 16949 have become the major quality system management models in present traditional and Hi-tech industries. The Measurement System Analysis (MSA) Reference Manual, on the other hand, is one of the core tools in ISO/TS 16949. MSA aims to evaluate Gauge Repeatability and Reproducibility (GR&R) where the control, monitoring, and maintenance of the measurement process are required in measurement systems so that the measurement capability could be ensured under statistical control. An ideal measurement system should present the statistical characteristic of zero error on any measured product. Nevertheless, such an ideal measurement system hardly exists. Managers therefore have to adopt such measurement systems with unsatisfactory statistical characteristics. Traditional MSA indexes are constructed with definite observed values. Nevertheless, measurements with observed values are not entirely error-free. For this reason, this study proposes to research three cases in a case company and apply the integration of Fuzzy Theory and GR&R to discuss the differences in the evaluation index GR&R and the Number of Distinct Categories (NDC). Substituting fuzzy numbers for definite numbers found that the data of %GR&R were increased and NDC was decreased after fuzzification. Such results verify that the fuzzified %GR&R and NDC become stricter in the determination criterion. The research outcomes could assist the case company in improving the reference data of measurement systems and promoting the measurement quality.

顾及河流流向的GNSS-R流速反演

针对传统的河流流速测量方法存在价格昂贵、维护困难或不准确等问题,提出一种顾及河流流向的GNSS-R流速反演方法:指出河流流向和反射几何构型会对GNSS-R流速反演造成影响,并利用GNSS信号相对反射面运动产生的多普勒效应进行流速测量;然后引入声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)实测数据对反演结果进行验证,分析不同几何构型下,散射效应对于多普勒频移的影响,并完善GNSS-R河流流速反演方法。实验结果表明,后向构型时,反演的河流流速值一般大于前向构型;基于后向构型的多普勒频率差对河流流速进行反演的结果与实测流速值变化趋势相近,但由于多普勒频率难以准确捕获的原因,反演中误差较大。

基于北斗/GNSS-R的厘米级水位测量

水位变化监测是防洪抗旱的重点工作之一,全球导航卫星系统反射测量(Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectome‐try,GNSS-R)技术已被证明可进行高精度、全天候、全天时的水位变化监测。我国北斗卫星导航系统(Beidou Navigation Satellite System,BDS)拥有丰富的频段数据,在GNSS-R遥感应用领域中具有广阔的应用前景。基于湖南省浏阳河流域建设的GNSS-R实验观测站数据,进一步研究了BDS在水位反演中的性能,分别采用频谱分析法和非线性拟合法对站点水位变化进行测量,并将实验结果与附近水文站的实测数据进行对比分析。结果表明,非线性拟合法相较于频谱分析法,水位测量精度大幅提升,均方根误差(RMSE)平均降低了66%,且多频数据融合后RMSE达到了1.8 cm,整体上BDS的水位反演性能与GPS相当。

Coherence measures based on sandwiched Rényi relative entropy

Coherence is a fundamental ingredient for quantum physics and a key resource for quantum information theory.Baumgratz,Cramer and Plenio established a rigorous framework(BCP framework)for quantifying coherence[Baumgratz T,Cramer M and Plenio M B Phys.Rev.Lett.113140401(2014)].In the present paper,under the BCP framework we provide two classes of coherence measures based on the sandwiched Rényi relative entropy.We also prove that we cannot get a new coherence measure f(C(·))by a function f acting on a given coherence measure C.

基于多试样法的PVC塑料J-R阻力曲线的简便测量方法

获得PVC材料的J-R阻力曲线以及断裂韧度J_(IC)的难点在于裂纹扩展量Δa的测量,传统染色处理以及三维测量等方法过程复杂且测试成本高。由于塑料的易切割性,可以简化Δa的测量过程。因此,基于多试样法,提出根据规范的测点要求对加载后的试件沿着裂纹纵向切割成若干片、再通过工业电子显微镜测量每个切割片上的裂纹长度,从而获得Δa的二维测量方法。通过GB 21143—2014和ASTM D6068-10两个标准,应用该方法均能获得相对一致的J-R阻力曲线和J_(IC)值,测试结果有效且准确。其中根据GB 21143—2014获得PVC的J_(IC)值为8.03 kJ/m^(2),J-R阻力曲线拟合方程的系数为9.93,指数为0.15;根据ASTM D6068-10获得PVC的J_(IC)为8.31 kJ/m^(2),J-R阻力曲线拟合方程的系数为12.7,指数为0.3;表明ASTM D6068-10获得PVC的断裂韧度J_(IC)值和拟合方程的系数、指数均大于GB 21143—2014。由于PVC材料与金属材料性能的差异,得出ASTM D6068-10更适用于测试PVC材料的J-R阻力曲线和J_(IC)值的结论。该方法将传统的裂纹染色处理和三维测量等复杂操作简化为切片和二维测量,简化测量过程,降低了测量成本,可普及应用于塑料断裂韧性的测量。

广东省R&D资本存量的测度、生产效率与政策效应

本文研究目的是计算广东省R&D资本存量,探讨R&D资本化对GDP的影响,并以此考察工业企业R&D生产效率的影响因素及相关政策效果。采用2010—2020年广东省及21个地市工业企业面板数据,使用永续盘存法测算广东省及21个地市的R&D资本存量,并使用R&D强度,更好地反映了R&D投入状况。在计算R&D资本存量的基础上,构建柯布-道格拉斯知识生产函数模型进行分析,发现R&D资本存量和研发人员投入对R&D产出具有显著正效应,但研发人员产出弹性远高于资本存量,其中全时非全时工作人员比对新产品销售收入也具有显著正效应。企业规模、高薪技术企业减免税对R&D产出均具有显著正效应,但国有产权增加会导致R&D产出的下降,另外,境外技术引进仅对新产品销售收入具有显著正效应。最后,使用DID模型和平行趋势检验进行广东省内21个地市的政策评估,发现政策实施四年后对R&D劳动投入出现显著负效应,说明政策实施导致企业R&D劳动力投入下降,对广东省“十二五”后相关地市R&D政策效应评估为广东省未来R&D政策的制定提供了重要参考。根据研究结果,提出以下政策建议:在政策的设定上,应设定更合理的高薪企业认定标准,并考虑企业可能存在的欺骗空间,确保政策资金的扶持更为合理地流动;在R&D政策制定上,应更多刺激民营经济的科技创新活力,加快形成新质生产力。同时,应充分发挥R&D政策的示范引领效应,促进企业更新升级。

Measure the Unmeasurable？ Intangible Assets as the Major Strategic Keys of Enterprises, Their Contribution, Difficulties and Proposals for Reliable Financial Statements

It is a common belief, for the last two decades, that we can observe the transformation of the intemational economy, from industrial to knowledge economy. In a continuous changing economy, the main advantage the companies have is not the buildings, the machines, the trucks, or the total equipment. The strategic key of a company today is the capital that cannot be copied easily, that is not disclosed and is not tangible, the intellectual capital of the company. The intangible assets can be characterized as those without physical appearance and the value of which is limited by the rights and anticipative benefits that possession confers upon the owner. The expansion of companies into foreign markets presupposes the aggregation of financial information that includes non-homogeneous elements. The purpose of this paper is to examine the framework of identification, as well as the disclosure requirements of brand names as they have been set by several articles of Commercial Law and recognized by professional accounting institutions. Emphasis will be given to analyzing existing accounting recognition and measurement, and proposals worldwide. In conclusion, this study indicates the accounting problems of definition, measurement, and disclosure of the majority of these intangible assets to users of financial statements of the company. Despite all the difficulties, this property of the company must in some way be measured and disclosed to lead to more reliable financial statements. The proposals of this paper, will help the accounting community to solve this major problem.

National Verification Regulations and Calibration Specifications of Measuring Instruments of P.R.China in 2010(2010 No.131)

General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China has approved the following 8 national measuring verification regulations in 2010 and publicize now.

测量系统的R&R分析在企业质量改进中的应用

测量系统是指为了完成对被测对象质量特征的测量所需要的人员、量具、程序、软件、操作等的集合。建立准确有效的测量系统永远是企业实现质量改进的第一步。本文阐述了测量系统分析的基本内容及方法,通过一个案例介绍了测量系统分析在企业应用的过程,并提出了应用时的几点注意事项。

锻炼动机量表(MPAM-R)中文版的信度和效度分析

通过测量1179名大学生锻炼动机,对MPAM-R中文版进行了信度和效度检验,并考察了大学生锻炼动机特征和性别差异。结果表明:MPAM-R中文版具有良好的信度和效度,符合心理测量学的要求,在我国也是一个较好的锻炼动机测量工具。但MPAM-R偏重于锻炼者的内部动机,要较全面地测量锻炼动机,需要增加锻炼者迫于外界压力而进行锻炼的外部动机结构。