A closed-loop particle swarm optimizer for multivariable process controller design

Design of general multivariable process controllers is an attractive and practical alternative to optimizing design by evolutionary algorithms (EAs) since it can be formulated as an optimization problem. A closed-loop particle swarm optimization (CLPSO) algorithm is proposed by mapping PSO elements into the closed-loop system based on control theories. At each time step, a proportional integral (PI) controller is used to calculate an updated inertia weight for each particle in swarms from its last fitness. With this modification, limitations caused by a uniform inertia weight for the whole population are avoided, and the particles have enough diversity. After the effectiveness, efficiency and robustness are tested by benchmark functions, CLPSO is applied to design a multivariable proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for a solvent dehydration tower in a chemical plant and has improved its performances.

Optimised Pattern Recognition for Robotic Weldment Geometry Measuring

Today, automated robot welding of components with low tolerances in series production is state-of-the-art. But turning to small batch production particularly of parts with high tolerances, engineering and construction of automated solutions is just at the beginning of providing economic efficiency. While weld seam tracking is well established for the described problem, geometric recognition of weldments is not yet solved satisfactorily. This paper will present an optimisation approach of a laser sensor guided and programmed robot welding system which was developed within the project ROPROF at the TU Dortmund. With this development, a working prototype of a robot weld system was built by a steel construction company as well as additional demonstration software showing the potential and transferability of adjusted geometric location of weldments for industrial applications.

Evaluating Watershed Vulnerability in Bernalillo County, New Mexico Using Expert Testimony, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, and GIS

Geographic Information System (GIS) software was used to create a watershed vulnerability model for Bernalillo County, New Mexico. Watershed vulnerability was investigated as a function of soil erosion and infiltration criteria: precipitation, land slope, soil erodibility (K-factor), vegetation cover (NDVI), land use, drainage density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and hydrologic soil group. Respective criteria weights were derived using a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) supported by expert opinion. A survey of 10 experts, representing New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (NMT), the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (NMBGMR), and the United States Geologic Survey (USGS), provided model input data for an integrated pair-wise comparison matrix for soil erosion and for infiltration. Individual criteria weights were determined by decomposing the respective fuzzy synthetic extent matrix using the centroid method. GIS layers were then combined based on criteria weights to produce maps of soil erosion potential and infiltration potential. A composite watershed vulnerability map was generated by equal weighting of each input map. Model results were categorized into five vulnerability categories: not vulnerable (N), slightly vulnerable (SV), moderately vulnerable (MV), highly vulnerable (HV), and extremely vulnerable (EV). The resulting FAHP/GIS model was used to generate a watershed vulnerability map of discrete areas in Bernalillo County, which may be vulnerable to stormwater run-off events and soil erosion. Such high volume run-off events can cause erosion damage to property and infrastructure. Alternatively, in areas near urban development, stormwater run-off may contribute non-point-source pollutant contamination of New Mexico’s surface water resources. The most problematic areas in Bernalillo County are present in the Eastern and Northwestern portions. However, less than 1% of the total area lies within the lowest and highest vulnerability categories with the majority centered around moderate vulnerability. The results of the model were compared with a previously published crisp AHP method. Both methods showed similar regional vulnerability trends. This MCDS/GIS approach is intended to provide support to local governments and decision makers in selection of suitable structural or nonstructural stormwater control measures.

基于Arduino与Processing互动编程的特种仓库智能测控系统设计

基于Arduino与Processing互动编程方式进行特种仓库智能测控系统设计。该系统以Arduino为主控单元,利用各种传感器实时采集库区火情、烟雾、温度、湿度、有害气体浓度等关键参数;采用中位值平均滤波法对参数进行处理,并根据库内参数发出相应控制信号,作用于对应节点设备,实现自动控制。同时,保留人工干预措施,仓库管理人员可以根据库内环境参数做出相应的管控措施。所设计系统是集常规监测、自动控制、无人值班等功能于一体的智能化系统,对弹药、危险品、生化物品等高危物品的存储有一定的借鉴意义。

Frame Design and Reality of On-line Quality Control System for CNC Machining Center Based on Microcomputer

After giving a short review of the methods used for detecting and monitoring in general systems, this paper describes the way of communication between computer and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machining Center (MC). Based on these, the paper addresses the means of performing in cycle measurement for manufacturing quality, provides an approach of improving the state of manufacturing process by achieving the real time change of control parameters according to the level of manufacturing process, and discusses the technique of implementing in process dimensional errors compensation corresponding to the in cycle measurement. The results of the experiments show that the frame design is successful and the operation is reliable. The system is taking shape nowadays.

Semantic model and optimization of creative processes at mathematical knowledge formation

The aim of this work is mathematical education through the knowledge system and mathematical modeling. A net model of formation of mathematical knowledge as a deductive theory is suggested here. Within this model the formation of deductive theory is represented as the development of a certain informational space, the elements of which are structured in the form of the orientated semantic net. This net is properly metrized and characterized by a certain system of coverings. It allows injecting net optimization parameters, regulating qualitative aspects of knowledge system under consideration. To regulate the creative processes of the formation and realization of mathematical know- edge, stochastic model of formation deductive theory is suggested here in the form of branching Markovian process, which is realized in the corresponding informational space as a semantic net. According to this stochastic model we can get correct foundation of criterion of optimization creative processes that leads to “great main points” strategy (GMP-strategy) in the process of realization of the effective control in the research work in the sphere of mathematics and its applications.

Investigation of Probability Generating Function in an Interdependent <i>M/M/</i>1:(∞;GD) Queueing Model with Controllable Arrival Rates Using Rouche’s Theorem

Present paper deals a M/M/1:(∞;GD) queueing model with interdependent controllable arrival and service rates where- in customers arrive in the system according to poisson distribution with two different arrivals rates-slower and faster as per controllable arrival policy. Keeping in view the general trend of interdependent arrival and service processes, it is presumed that random variables of arrival and service processes follow a bivariate poisson distribution and the server provides his services under general discipline of service rule in an infinitely large waiting space. In this paper, our central attention is to explore the probability generating functions using Rouche’s theorem in both cases of slower and faster arrival rates of the queueing model taken into consideration;which may be helpful for mathematicians and researchers for establishing significant performance measures of the model. Moreover, for the purpose of high-lighting the application aspect of our investigated result, very recently Maurya [1] has derived successfully the expected busy periods of the server in both cases of slower and faster arrival rates, which have also been presented by the end of this paper.

一种抑制后续换相失败的电流偏差控制参数整定方法

电网换相换流器型高压直流输电(line commutated converter-based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)系统若发生后续换相失败,将严重影响交直流混联电网的安全稳定运行。文中首先针对LCC-HVDC系统故障恢复过程中电流偏差控制作用阶段易再次发生换相失败的问题,对电流偏差控制参数与换相失败之间的关系进行理论分析,发现此阶段系统若不发生换相失败,逆变侧LCC直流电压和交流换相电压须满足一定的约束关系,且该约束关系受电流偏差控制参数的直接影响。然后,基于理论分析结果,提出一种电流偏差控制参数整定方法,可改善系统故障恢复过程中对直流电压恢复速度和程度的控制要求,使系统更易满足直流电压与交流换相电压稳定运行约束关系,以降低后续换相失败概率。最后,利用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台CIGRE标准测试模型验证了理论分析的正确性以及参数整定方法的有效性。

考虑测量误差的CUSUM控制图对维纳过程的监控设计

目的 针对医疗设备存在的退化加速现象,提出对退化过程进行监控的方法,旨在有效监测到真实情况中退化加速的现象并进行预警,降低设备运维成本。方法 无论是退化率恒定还是退化率加速的维纳过程,其增量概率分布都是独立于其他时间区间增量的,本文运用上侧累积和(Cumulative Sum,CUSUM)控制图监控策略,并分析两类测量误差(乘性测量误差和加性测量误差)对控制图监控效率的影响。结果 运用蒙特卡洛仿真得到不同加速系数和测量误差下的平均运行链长(Average Run Length,ARL)和运行链长标准差,结果表明对于退化率恒定的固定效应模型,CUSUM对退化加速的监控具有稳健性,ARL的降低率均维持在43%左右;而在退化加速的随机效应模型中,监控性能会随着乘性测量误差(当乘性误差>0.1后)的增加而下降。结论 CUSUM控制图对医疗设备退化加速现象具有良好的监控能力,随着退化率的加速系数的增加,控制图能够越早发现异常退化加速状态。

木塑材料3DP打印机运动控制系统轨迹跟踪研究

针对木塑材料3DP打印机运动控制系统X轴负载较大而导致CoreXY机构在进行开环控制时打印精度较差的问题,研究3DP打印机的模型预测控制(MPC)智能轨迹跟踪算法,提高打印精度和打印速度。基于黏结剂喷射(3DP)成型工艺和CoreXY机构的传动特点设计了木塑材料3DP打印机运动控制系统,提出了一种适用于3DP打印机的MPC轨迹跟踪策略。采用笛卡尔坐标系下近似圆形切片的打印轨迹作为参考轨迹,建立CoreXY机构A、B电机闭环系统的预测模型,运用MPC理论将打印速度和精度的多约束最优控制问题变为带约束的二次函数进行求解,对比参考轨迹与实际打印轨迹之间的误差,进而研究不同打印速度对轨迹跟踪效果的影响。对仿真结果进行分析计算得出,打印速度在80~400 mm/s范围内,3DP打印机的喷胶位点均可实现对参考轨迹的较准确跟踪,A、B电机皮带位移最大横向误差分别为0.0097和0.0060 mm,X、Y轴横向误差的平均绝对误差分别为0.357和0.362 mm。对比PID控制,MPC控制策略的各项衡量指标都更优,且参数更易整定,横向误差更小,提高了3DP打印机喷射路径的准确度和效率。随着打印速度的降低,MPC控制器的横向误差逐渐减小,系统的轨迹跟踪效果更准确和稳定,最终绘制参考轨迹与实际轨迹形状基本重合。

生态环境监测过程中多环节质量控制措施分析

该文阐述多环节质量控制措施在生态环境监测全程中的重要性,从生态环境监测的流程、监测的方法、仪器设备、质量控制的目标和原则、采样、样品分析和数据处理等质量控制措施方面进行论述。通过对这些环节的控制,可以保证监测数据的准确性、可靠性和可比性,为更好地保护环境和人类健康提供坚实的依据支撑。对于生态环境监测工作来说,质量控制是一个非常重要的环节,需要不断加强和完善。

铜顶吹熔炼过程中砷元素的走向调控研究

随着铜精矿品位逐渐下降,精矿中的杂质元素越来越多,其中有害元素砷在冶炼过程中很难脱除,且在铜熔炼系统中循环累积,最终影响阴极铜的质量。某冶炼企业铜顶吹熔炼生产实践中,有害砷元素在烟尘中的分配比例为55%~75%,在铜锍相中分配比例为5%~15%,在渣相中分配比例为20%~35%。本文主要对铜顶吹熔炼过程中砷的分布与走向调控手段进行了理论分析,并在实验室条件下探究了熔渣中Fe/SiO_(2)、富氧浓度、铜锍品位、渣中CaO含量等工艺参数对不同产出物中砷分配率的影响规律,获得了砷进入渣相的有效调控措施。优化工艺参数后,As在渣中占比为30%~40%,烟尘中占比为50%~60%,铜锍中占比为10%~20%,解决了铜冶炼过程砷进入硫酸系统形成大量污酸的问题,从而控制各个产品中砷的含量。

蒽醌法生产过氧化氢工艺危险性分析

通过梳理蒽醌法过氧化氢的生产工艺,将生产过程按单元进行划分,逐步分析出过氧化氢生产过程中的可能危险性,并剖析风险产生的原因,在此基础上提出了蒽醌法过氧化氢生产工艺危险的可行性防控措施。

AMC-NLI:基于实体识别的农业测控领域自然语言接口

农业测控系统的用户交互性存在改进空间,随着自然语言语义处理技术的不断进步,提升农业测控领域中复杂的控制和查询操作的用户友好性变得至关重要,这有助于降低用户的操作成本。本文提出了一种面向农业测控领域的自然语言接口(agricultural measurement and control natural language interface,AMC-NLI),旨在改进农业测控平台的用户体验。通过BERT-BiLSTM-ATT-CRF-OPO(bidirectional encoder representations from transformers-bi-directional long shortterm memory-attention-conditional random field)的语义解析模型,识别并提取农业指令中的实体,并进行操作-地点-对象三元组语句(operate-place-object,OPO)的槽填充。使得用户的自然语言输入能够被转化为结构化的三元组语句,实现用户输入的指令转换为相应的参数,并通过物联网网关发送到相应的设备。试验结果表明在AMC-NLI农业测控指令交互方面,该模型表现出色,准确率,精确率、召回率,F值和平均最大响应时间分别达到了91.63%、92.77%、92.48%、91.74%和2.45 s,为农业信息化管控提供了更为便捷的互动方式。

航天测控系统数据处理软件系统设计与实现

航天测控系统数据处理软件系统充分借鉴了成熟软件的设计经验,对数据处理要求和架构进行了研究,采用实时性和可靠性的设计重点,充分考虑软件通用性和适用性统一化的技术特点,实现了测控系统数据处理软件系统完整处理数据流程和结果;具有较高的自动化水平,可靠性、实用性、可扩展性强,并通过了分系统测试、系统联试以及外场联试等多种测试的考核验证,从试验数据的接收和处理结果来看,系统在数据存储、显示、通信、挑路处理等方面都达到技术指标要求,技术状态受控,满足试验需要。

氯化工艺的安全控制

介绍了氯化工艺的危险特性,结合多年工程设计经验,提出了氯化工艺安全控制的设计思路。从工程应用角度对2,4-二氯苯酚项目实例进行分析,根据其生产工艺、具体流程、安全风险评估,给出了该氯化工艺的安全控制建议及措施。结合工程项目的设计运用实践和企业投产后的信息反馈,验证了该设计思路的可行性和控制措施的安全有效性,获得了客户的一致认可。

食品加工中微生物检验及其安全检验的研究

文章旨在探讨食品加工中的微生物检验及其安全检验方法。通过对食品加工过程中的微生物感染状况进行详细分析,旨在为食品生产企业更好地保障产品质量提供有力支持。文章首先探讨了不同食品品种、加工环节和储存条件中存在的微生物感染安全隐患,尤其是细菌、真菌等微生物感染。采用现代分子生物学技术手段,对食品中的微生物指标进行检测,有助于及时发现潜在的安全隐患,为食品生产企业和监管部门提供科学依据。为此,监管部门应加强对食品加工过程中的微生物监测,加大执法力度,保障消费者的饮食安全。文章体现了《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验》(GB 4789)系列、《食品安全国家标准食品中致病菌限量》(GB 29921)等临床参考标准,为食品微生物检验提供明确的方法和指标,有助于食品加工企业更好地控制微生物污染风险,确保产品安全。

基于产污工序精细化实测的塑料制品行业VOCs排放优控物种研究

因塑料制品行业缺乏本地化挥发性有机物(VOCs)产排污特征和源成分谱等基础研究,难以给环境主管部门VOCs排放管控提供有效支撑,故对广东省内塑料制品行业企业VOCs物种排放的污染特征进行现场实测,通过编制对应生产工艺的源成分谱及对不同物种的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)进行计算,明晰该行业VOCs污染排放管理中的优先控制物种类别。结果表明,成型和后加工为塑料制品生产中主要的产污工序,含氧化合物(OVOCs)、芳香烃、烷烃等为不同产品生产工艺中含量较多的物质,各类VOCs物种的OFP范围为0.43~34.03 mg/m^(3),该行业VOCs排放优控物种为甲苯、乙醛、正己醛等。

基于中子活化分析仪的水泥烧成系统游离氧化钙卡边控制方法研究

熟料游离氧化钙(f-CaO)含量是水泥质量控制重要指标,由于该指标目前无法实现在线实时检测,难以建立有效的水泥烧成系统闭环控制。在常规控制方案基础上,提出了一种基于中子活化分析仪对水泥生料入窑成分实时检测,进而利用神经网络算法构建游离氧化钙软测量模型,利用TaiJi-MPC软件实现对水泥烧成系统的风、煤、料的卡边控制方法。该方法可以降低f-CaO标准差波动约10%,提高f-CaO指标含量>0.3%,经济效益和社会效益显著。

预制菜生产过程中的食品安全风险及控制措施分析

预制菜是一种便捷的食品,其方便快捷、易于储存,越来越受到消费者的欢迎。然而,随着预制菜产业的快速发展,食品安全问题也逐渐显现。因此,本文探讨了预制菜生产过程中的食品安全风险问题,并提出了相关安全控制措施,以期促进预制菜行业的可持续发展。