Mechanisms of ultrasonic modulation of multiply scattered incoherent light based on diffusion theory

An analytic equation interpreting the intensity of ultrasound-modulated scattering light is derived, based on diffusion theory and previous explanations of the intensity modulation mechanism. Furthermore, an experiment of ultrasonic modulation of incoherent light in a scattering medium is developed. This analytical model agrees well with experimental results,which confirms the validity of the proposed intensity modulation mechanism. The model supplements the existing research on the ultrasonic modulation mechanism of scattering light.

Mechanical properties modulation and biological applications of DNA hydrogels

DNA hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks constructed using DNA as the structural building block.Due to the tight binding between hydrophilic groups on DNA chains and water molecules,they exhibit outstanding plasticity and fluid thermodynamic properties,making them one of the best choices for mimicking natural biological tissues.By controlling the backbone building blocks,gelation conditions,and cross-linking methods of DNA hydrogels,hydrogels with different mechanical strengths can be obtained,thus expanding their applications in the field of biology.This review first introduces the relationship between the mechanical properties of DNA hydrogels and their structure,elucidates the approaches and strategies for mechanical property modulation,and focuses on the scheme of controllable design to modulate the mechanical properties of DNA hydrogels for applications in biosensing,cellular function regulation,and bone tissue engineering.Furthermore,this review outlines the future development directions and challenges faced in the mechanical property modulation of DNA hydrogels,providing useful information for the precise design of DNA hydrogels for biological research.

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Al_(2)O_(3)foams via laser powder bed fusion from Al particles

Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)combined with reaction bonding(RB)of Al particles is an effective method for preparing high-performance 3D Al_(2)O_(3) ceramic foams.However,the indistinct microstructure evolution hinders the regulation of pore features and the improvement of synthetic properties.Herein,the microstructure evolution of the Al_(2)O_(3) ceramic foams during the LPBF/RB process is clarified by various characterization methods,and the corresponding mechanical property modulation is realized by optimizing LPBF parameters,organic binder(E12 epoxy resin)content,heating rate,sintering time,and coral-like Al_(2)O_(3) content.The expansion from Al_(2)O_(3) outward growth and Al granule precipitation counteracts the shrinkage from E12 decomposition and Al_(2)O_(3) sintering,resulting in an ultra-low shrinkage of 0.94%–3.01%.The pore structures of particle packing pores,hollow spheres,and microporous structures allow a tunable porosity of 52.6%–73.7%.The in-situ formation of multi-scale features including hollow spheres,flaky grains,whiskers,nanofibers,and bond bridges brings about a remarkably high bending strength of 6.5–38.3 MPa.Ourfindings reveal the relationship between microstructure evolution and property optimization of high-performance ceramic foams,with potential significance for microstructure design and practical application.

Modeling of Heart Rate Variability Using Time-Frequency Representations

The heart rate variability signal is highly correlated with the respiration even at high workload exercise.It is also known that this phenomenon still exists during increasing exercise.In the current study,we managed to model this correlation during increasing exercise using the time varying integral pulse frequency modulation(TVIPFM)model that relates the mechanical modulation(MM)to the respiration and the cardiac rhythm.This modulation of the autonomic nervous system(ANS)is able to simultaneously decrease sympathetic and increase parasympathetic activity.The TVIPFM model takes into consideration the effect of the increasing exercise test,where the effect of a time-varying threshold on the heart period is studied.Our motivation is to analyze the heart rate variability(HRV)acquired by time varying integral pulse frequency modulation using time frequency representations.The estimated autonomic nervous system(ANS)modulating signal is filtered throughout the respiration using a time varying filtering,during exercise stress testing.And after summing power of the filtered signal,we compare the power of the filtered modulation of the ANS obtained with different time frequency representations:smoothed pseudo Wigner–Ville representation,spectrogram and their reassignments.After that,we used a student t-test p<0.01 to compare the power of heart rate variability in the frequency band of respiration and elsewhere.

Solving Job-Shop Scheduling Problem Based on Improved Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

An improved adaptive particle swarm optimization(IAPSO)algorithm is presented for solving the minimum makespan problem of job shop scheduling problem(JSP).Inspired by hormone modulation mechanism,an adaptive hormonal factor(HF),composed of an adaptive local hormonal factor(H l)and an adaptive global hormonal factor(H g),is devised to strengthen the information connection between particles.Using HF,each particle of the swarm can adjust its position self-adaptively to avoid premature phenomena and reach better solution.The computational results validate the effectiveness and stability of the proposed IAPSO,which can not only find optimal or close-to-optimal solutions but also obtain both better and more stability results than the existing particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithms.

Theoretical analysis and experimental research on non-cavitation noise modulation mechanism of underwater counter-rotation propeller

The underwater counter-rotation propeller non-cavitation noise has an obvious mod- ulation characteristic which is due to the interaction of flow and blade. A modulation mecha- nism is presented in this paper. A sound pressure spectrum model is presented to describe its non-cavitation noise with application of generalized acoustic analogy method, the modulation mechanism is expressed with the improvement of sound pressure model. The power spectrum and modulation spectrum are presented by numerical simulation. Theoretical analysis and nu- merical simulation results are verified by the cavitation tunnel experiment. The modulation model of counter-rotation propeller is beneficial to the prediction modulation characteristics and identification of underwater high-speed vehicles.

Protected two-qubit entangling gate with mechanical driven continuous dynamical decoupling

In this work, we propose a high-fidelity phonon-mediated entangling gate in a hybrid mechanical system based on two silicon-vacancy color centers in diamond. In order to suppress the influence of the spin decoherence on the entangling gate, we use a continuous dynamical decoupling approach to create new dressed spin states, which are less sensitive to environmental fluctuations and exhibit an extended T_(2)^(*) spin dephasing time. The effective spin-spin Hamiltonian modified by the mechanical driving field and the corresponding master equation are derived in the dispersive regime. We show that in the presence of the mechanical driving field, the effective spin-spin coupling can be highly controlled. By calculating the entangling gate fidelity in the dressed basis, we find that once the mechanical field is turned on, the gate fidelity can be significantly improved. In particular, under an optimized spin-phonon detuning and a stronger Rabi frequency of the mechanical driving field, the two-qubit gate is capable of reaching fidelity exceeding 0.99. Moreover, by employing appropriate driving modulation, we show that a highfidelity full quantum gate can be also realized, in which the initial and final spin states are on a bare basis. Our work provides a promising scheme for realizing high-fidelity quantum information processing.

Ultra-wide tuning single channel filter based on one-dimensional photonic crystal with an air cavity

By inserting an air cavity into a one-dimensional photonic crystal of LiF/GaSb, a tunable filter covering the whole visible range is proposed. Following consideration of the dispersion of the materials, through modulating the thickness of the air cavity, we demonstrate that a single resonant peak can shift from 416.1 to 667.3 nm in the band gap at normal incidence by means of the transfer matrix method. The research also shows that the transmittance of the channel can be maximized when the number of periodic Li F/Ga Sb layers on one side of the air defect layer is equal to that of the other side. When adding a period to both sides respectively, the full width at half maximum of the defect mode is reduced by one order of magnitude. This structure will provide a promising approach to fabricate practical tunable filters in the visible region with ultra-wide tuning range.

Energy-aware fuzzy job-shop scheduling for engine remanufacturing at the multi-machine level

The rise of the engine remanufacturing industry has resulted in increased possibilities of energy conservation during the remanufacturing process,and scheduling could exert significant effects on the energy performance of manufacturing systems.However,only a few studies have specifically addressed energy-efficient scheduling for remanufacturing.Considering the uncertain processing time and routes and the operation characteristics of remanufacturing,we used the crankshaft as an illustrative case and built a fuzzy job-shop scheduling model to minimize the energy consumption during remanufacturing.An improved adaptive genetic algorithm was developed by using the hormone modulation mechanism to deal with the scheduling problem that simultaneously involves parallel machines,batch machines,and uncertain processing routes and time.The algorithm demonstrated superior performance in terms of optimal value,run time,and convergent generation in comparison with other algorithms.Computational results indicated that the optimal scheduling scheme is expected to generate 1.7 kW∙h of energy saving for the investigated problem size.In addition,the scheme could improve the energy efficiency of the crankshaft remanufacturing process by approximately 5%.This study provides a basis for production managers to improve the sustainability of remanufacturing through energy-aware scheduling.