Somina (herbal preparation) prepared by Hamdard Laboratories (Waqf) Pakistan is a mixture of five different medicinal plants, widely prescribed for the treatment of mental illness. For acute toxicity, the Karber arith...Somina (herbal preparation) prepared by Hamdard Laboratories (Waqf) Pakistan is a mixture of five different medicinal plants, widely prescribed for the treatment of mental illness. For acute toxicity, the Karber arithmetic method for the calculation of LD50 and Hodge and Sterner toxicity scale was used. In this study, different doses (10, 100, 285, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10,000 mg/kg) of the extract was administered orally to the different groups of rats and mice. Signs of toxicity and possible death of animals were monitored for 24 hrs to calculate the median lethal dose (LD50) of somina. At the end of the study, all the animals in all the dose groups were sacrificed and the internal organ-body was compared with values from the control group. The LD50 was found to be >10,000 mg/kg body weight upon oral administration in mice and rats as no mortality was observed after single dose administration. According to Hodge and Sterner toxicity scale, the obtained value of LD 50 > 10,000 mg/kg classified the Somina as Practically non-toxic herbal medicine.展开更多
The lethal dose LD<sub>50</sub> represents the most important experimental value for acute toxicity. The simple logarithmic calculation of -log<sub>10</sub> LD<sub>50</sub> = value ...The lethal dose LD<sub>50</sub> represents the most important experimental value for acute toxicity. The simple logarithmic calculation of -log<sub>10</sub> LD<sub>50</sub> = value leads to the possible poison power pLD. As with the pH or pK value, respectively, for acid or the scale of earthquake intensities the logarithm helps making large differences of orders of magnitude easier to understand since they are more comparable. The higher the pLD value, the higher is the power of poison. An increase of the pLD value by 1 stands for a tenfold increase in toxicity. The lethal acute dose for water, one of the most important and at the same time non-toxic substances of all, is about one tenth of the body weight. This leads to a possible pLD value for water of 1, an ideal starting value for a logarithmic poison scale.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and bacteriostasis of Yandureqing(AEE)and its microemulsion(AEE-ME).[Method]The acute toxicity was tested in mice by intragastric administration,and median l...[Objective] The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and bacteriostasis of Yandureqing(AEE)and its microemulsion(AEE-ME).[Method]The acute toxicity was tested in mice by intragastric administration,and median lethal dose(LD50)as well as its 95% confidence interval was calculated by modified Karber method;the bacteriostasis was investigated by cylinder plate method.[Result]LD50 of AEE in mice was 10.937 g/kg with the 95% confidence interval of 9.309-12.850 g/kg;and LD50 of AEE-ME in mice was 5.357 g/kg with the 95% confidence interval of 4.388-6.566 g/kg.The MICs of AEE to Escherichia coli O149 from swine,Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella pullorum and Streptococcus agalactiae were 10.00,20.00,20.00 and 10.00 mg/ml,respectively;while the MICs of AEE-ME to the 4 kinds of bacteria mentioned above were 5.00,10.00,5.00 and 5.00 mg/ml in turn,and that to Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 20.00 mg/ml.[Conclusion]AEE is an actually nontoxic drug and AEE-ME belongs to the low toxic preparation.AEE and AEE-ME have obvious bacteriostasis,in which AEE-ME is superior to AEE.展开更多
The safety of oxyclozanidc suspension was preliminarily evaluated through acute toxicity test in mice. Administration dose, formal trial grouping and group interval were determined in pre-trial using incremental metho...The safety of oxyclozanidc suspension was preliminarily evaluated through acute toxicity test in mice. Administration dose, formal trial grouping and group interval were determined in pre-trial using incremental method. Formal test was performed using simplified karber＇s method. Changes in sign of mice after ad- ministration were observed; the mortality rate was statistically calculated, and the time of death was recorded; the median lethal dose （LD50） and 95% confidence limit of oxyclozanide suspension were calculated. The results showed the LD50 of oxyclozanide suspension in mice by oral administration was 1. 679 g/kg, and the 95% confidence interval was 1. 439 - 1. 947 g/kg. According to toxicity grading of chemicals, oxyclozanide suspension was low toxic substance.展开更多
Litsea elliptica Blume has been traditionally used to treat headache,fever,and stomach ulcer,and has also been used as an insect repellent.The acute and subacute toxicities of L.elliptica essential oil were evaluated ...Litsea elliptica Blume has been traditionally used to treat headache,fever,and stomach ulcer,and has also been used as an insect repellent.The acute and subacute toxicities of L.elliptica essential oil were evaluated orally by gavage in female Sprague-Dawley rats.For the acute toxicity study,L.elliptica essential oil was administered in doses from 500 to 4 000 mg/kg(single dose),and in the subacute toxicity test,the following doses were used:125,250,and 500 mg/kg,for 28 consecutive days.In the acute toxicity study,L.elliptica essential oil caused dose-dependent adverse behaviours and mortality.The median lethal dose value was 3 488.86 mg/kg and the acute non-observed-adversed-effect level value was found to be 500 mg/kg.The subacute toxicity study of L.elliptica essential oil did not reveal alterations in body weight,and food and water consumptions.The haematological and biochemical analyses did not show significant differences between control and treated groups in most of the parameters examined,except for the hemoglobin,mean cell hemoglobin concentration,mean cell volume,mean cell hemoglobin,serum albumin,and serum sodium.However,these differences were still within the normal range.No abnormalities or histopathological changes were observed in the liver,pancreatic islet of Langerhans,and renal glomerulous and tubular cells of all treated groups.In conclusion,L.elliptica essential oil can be classified in the U group,which is defined as a group unlikely to present an acute hazard according to World Health Organization(WHO) classification.展开更多
文摘Somina (herbal preparation) prepared by Hamdard Laboratories (Waqf) Pakistan is a mixture of five different medicinal plants, widely prescribed for the treatment of mental illness. For acute toxicity, the Karber arithmetic method for the calculation of LD50 and Hodge and Sterner toxicity scale was used. In this study, different doses (10, 100, 285, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10,000 mg/kg) of the extract was administered orally to the different groups of rats and mice. Signs of toxicity and possible death of animals were monitored for 24 hrs to calculate the median lethal dose (LD50) of somina. At the end of the study, all the animals in all the dose groups were sacrificed and the internal organ-body was compared with values from the control group. The LD50 was found to be >10,000 mg/kg body weight upon oral administration in mice and rats as no mortality was observed after single dose administration. According to Hodge and Sterner toxicity scale, the obtained value of LD 50 > 10,000 mg/kg classified the Somina as Practically non-toxic herbal medicine.
文摘The lethal dose LD<sub>50</sub> represents the most important experimental value for acute toxicity. The simple logarithmic calculation of -log<sub>10</sub> LD<sub>50</sub> = value leads to the possible poison power pLD. As with the pH or pK value, respectively, for acid or the scale of earthquake intensities the logarithm helps making large differences of orders of magnitude easier to understand since they are more comparable. The higher the pLD value, the higher is the power of poison. An increase of the pLD value by 1 stands for a tenfold increase in toxicity. The lethal acute dose for water, one of the most important and at the same time non-toxic substances of all, is about one tenth of the body weight. This leads to a possible pLD value for water of 1, an ideal starting value for a logarithmic poison scale.
基金Supported by Specific Program Funded by Basic Scientific Research Operating Expenses of Central Public Scientific Research Institutes(BRF060403)Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Pro-grams of Gansu Province(0804NKCA074)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and bacteriostasis of Yandureqing(AEE)and its microemulsion(AEE-ME).[Method]The acute toxicity was tested in mice by intragastric administration,and median lethal dose(LD50)as well as its 95% confidence interval was calculated by modified Karber method;the bacteriostasis was investigated by cylinder plate method.[Result]LD50 of AEE in mice was 10.937 g/kg with the 95% confidence interval of 9.309-12.850 g/kg;and LD50 of AEE-ME in mice was 5.357 g/kg with the 95% confidence interval of 4.388-6.566 g/kg.The MICs of AEE to Escherichia coli O149 from swine,Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella pullorum and Streptococcus agalactiae were 10.00,20.00,20.00 and 10.00 mg/ml,respectively;while the MICs of AEE-ME to the 4 kinds of bacteria mentioned above were 5.00,10.00,5.00 and 5.00 mg/ml in turn,and that to Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 20.00 mg/ml.[Conclusion]AEE is an actually nontoxic drug and AEE-ME belongs to the low toxic preparation.AEE and AEE-ME have obvious bacteriostasis,in which AEE-ME is superior to AEE.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program(2015BAD1101)Special Project of China Agricultural Industry Research System(CAR-38)
文摘The safety of oxyclozanidc suspension was preliminarily evaluated through acute toxicity test in mice. Administration dose, formal trial grouping and group interval were determined in pre-trial using incremental method. Formal test was performed using simplified karber＇s method. Changes in sign of mice after ad- ministration were observed; the mortality rate was statistically calculated, and the time of death was recorded; the median lethal dose （LD50） and 95% confidence limit of oxyclozanide suspension were calculated. The results showed the LD50 of oxyclozanide suspension in mice by oral administration was 1. 679 g/kg, and the 95% confidence interval was 1. 439 - 1. 947 g/kg. According to toxicity grading of chemicals, oxyclozanide suspension was low toxic substance.
基金Project supported by the Science Fund,Ministry of Science,Technology and Innovation,Malaysia (No. 02-01-02-SF0205)the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (No. UKM-OUP-TKP-21-101/2011)
文摘Litsea elliptica Blume has been traditionally used to treat headache,fever,and stomach ulcer,and has also been used as an insect repellent.The acute and subacute toxicities of L.elliptica essential oil were evaluated orally by gavage in female Sprague-Dawley rats.For the acute toxicity study,L.elliptica essential oil was administered in doses from 500 to 4 000 mg/kg(single dose),and in the subacute toxicity test,the following doses were used:125,250,and 500 mg/kg,for 28 consecutive days.In the acute toxicity study,L.elliptica essential oil caused dose-dependent adverse behaviours and mortality.The median lethal dose value was 3 488.86 mg/kg and the acute non-observed-adversed-effect level value was found to be 500 mg/kg.The subacute toxicity study of L.elliptica essential oil did not reveal alterations in body weight,and food and water consumptions.The haematological and biochemical analyses did not show significant differences between control and treated groups in most of the parameters examined,except for the hemoglobin,mean cell hemoglobin concentration,mean cell volume,mean cell hemoglobin,serum albumin,and serum sodium.However,these differences were still within the normal range.No abnormalities or histopathological changes were observed in the liver,pancreatic islet of Langerhans,and renal glomerulous and tubular cells of all treated groups.In conclusion,L.elliptica essential oil can be classified in the U group,which is defined as a group unlikely to present an acute hazard according to World Health Organization(WHO) classification.
