Equivalent oxide thickness scaling of Al_2O_3/Ge metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors with ozone post oxidation

Aluminum-oxide films deposited as gate dielectrics on germanium （Ge） by atomic layer deposition were post oxidized in an ozone atmosphere. No additional interfacial layer was electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy detected by the high-resolution cross-sectional transmission measurements made after the ozone post oxidation （OPO） treatment. Decreases in the equivalent oxide thickness of the OPO-treated Al2O3/Ge MOS capacitors were confirmed. Furthermore, a continuous decrease in the gate leakage current was achieved with increasing OPO treatment time. The results can be attributed to the film quality having been improved by the OPO treatment.

UV-Enhanced Room Temperature Ozone Sensor Based on Hierarchical SnO_2-In_2O_3

SnO2-ln2O3 hierarchical microspheres were prepared by the hydrothermal and solvothermal method. The morphology, phase crystallinity of the obtained SnO2-In203 were measured by X-ray diffraetion（XRD）, scan electron microscopy（SEM）, respectively. A room temperature ozone sensor based on SnO2-In2O3 hierarchical microspheres was fabricated and investigated. The gas sensing properties of the sensor using SnO2-In2O3 strongly depended on the proportion of SnO2 and In2O3. The sensitivity and response/recovery speed were greatly enhanced by UV illumination. A gas sensing mechanism related to oxygen defect was suggested.

Optimization and Effects of Catalytic Ozonation of Actual Phenolic Wastewater by CuO/Al2O3

In order to improve the ability of ozone to catalyze the degradation of phenolic pollutants in wastewater,the CuO/Al2O3 catalysts was prepared by the impregnation precipitation method and an ozone catalytic oxidation system was constructed.The actual phenolic sewage was used as the treatment object.And the reaction conditions of the system were optimized,and the treatment effect was determined,while the non-catalytic system was used as a control group.At the same time,the influence of salt and ammonia nitrogen related water quality on the system was studied.The optimal reaction conditions for the treatment of phenolic wastewater covered:a catalyst dosage of 30 g/L,an ozone flow rate of 0.3 m3/h,a pH value of 8.80,and a reaction time of 15 minutes.Under these conditions,the phenol and COD removal rates of the system reached 98.7%and 49.4%,respectively,which were by 31.3 percentage points and 16.2 percentage points higher than that of the ozonation system alone.The salt and ammonia nitrogen in the sewage can reduce the oxidation effect of the system.When the salinity reached 10%and the ammonia nitrogen content reached 13 000 mg/L,the removal rate of phenol could be reduced by about 20%.The results of this paper have a reference value for phenol wastewater treatment engineering.

Protective Effect of Ozone against Hemiscorpius lepturus Envenomation in Mice

Objective Scorpion （Hemiscorpius lepturus） stings are a public health concern in Iran, particularly in south and southwestern regions of Iran. The gold standard for the treatment of a scorpion sting is anti-venom therapy. However, immunotherapy can have serious side effects, such as anaphylactic shock （which can sometimes even lead to death）. The aim of the current study was to demonstrate the protective effect of ozone against toxicity induced by Hemiscorpius lepturus （H. lepturus） venom in mice. Methods Eight hours after the injection of ozone to the experimental design groups, the male mice were decapitated and mitochondria were isolated from five different tissues （liver, kidney, heart, brain, and spinal cord） using differential ultracentrifugation. Then, assessment of mitochondrial parameters including mitochondrial reactive oxidative species （ROS） production, mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP）, ATP level, and the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria was performed. Results Our results showed that H. lepturus venom-induced oxidative stress is related to ROS production and MMP collapse, which is correlated with cytochrome c release and ATP depletion, indicating the predisposition to the cell death signaling. Conclusion In general, ozone therapy in moderate dose can be considered as clinically effective for the treatment of H. lepturus sting as a protective and antioxidant agent.

Influence of Reactive Volatile Organic Compounds on Ozone Production in Houston-Galveston-Brazoria Area

Secondary pollutant ozone (O3) formation in a particular area is often influenced by various factors. Source of emissions is one of the factors. In south east Texas, Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) is a marginal non-attainment area for ozone (O3). A summer episode of May 28 to July 2, 2006 is simulated using Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx). During this period O3 concentration in HGB often exceeds the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 0.075 ppm of average 8 hour O3 concentration. HGB area has numerous point sources. Various studies found that some specific volatile organic compounds are very reactive in atmosphere. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of volatile organic compounds present in point source emissions on the air quality of HGB area. For this purpose ozone sensitivity for HGB area is analyzed by the ratio of hydrogen peroxides (H2O2) to nitric acid (HNO3). HGB area is found NOx limited but reactive VOCs are found to be influential too. From (1-4 June, 2006) maximum O3 concentration was found on weekend, June 3. VOCs such as Acetaldehyde (ALD2), Formaldehyde (FORM) and Alkane (ETHA) showed good correlation with O3 concentrations on that day. In addition, Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) formation was found correlated to higher ozone production. Criteria pollutant Sulfur dioxide (SO2) was found to influence the ALD2 and ETHA concentrations, and thus indirectly influenced O3 production.

O_3、O_3/H_2O_2降解TNT的实验研究

利用自制装置 ,实验研究了不同反应条件下 ,O3 、O3 /H2 O2 对 TNT的降解规律。结果表明 ,O3 对 TNT具有一定降解功效 ,提高体系的 p H值或添加 H2 O2 均利于 TNT的降解。O3 降解 TNT,可能产生抗氧化性更强的中间产物及其积累 ,而 O3 /H2 O2 作用过程中则没有发生。p H从 1升到 1 2 ,利于 O3 对 TNT降解 ,但超过 1 2时 ,对 O3 作用的影响不再明显 ,p H的最适范围是 1 0～ 1 2 ;O3 /H2 O2作用时 ,1 0为其 p H的临界值 ,当提高或降低 p H都会降低其对 TNT降解能力。维持体系的 p H稳定 ,有利于 O3 降解 TNT,但对 O3 /H2 O2 作用功效的影响不明显。尽管温度对 O3 、O3 /H2 O2 降解 TNT功效的影响较小 ,但温度的提高不利于两者功效的发挥 ,尤其是

南极中山站NO_2的观测及平流层NO_2与O_3的关系分析

利用Ｂｒｅｗｅｒ臭氧仪对南极中山站上空的Ｏ３、ＮＯ２柱总量及平流层Ｏ３、ＮＯ２含量进行了长期观测研究，分析了１９９３～１９９５年，尤其是１９９５年南极臭氧洞和非臭氧洞时期ＮＯ２柱总量及平流层ＮＯ２含量的季节变化及与Ｏ３含量的关系，指出平流层ＮＯ２含量的减少是造成南极臭氧洞成因和近年来不断加剧的一个主要原因。

北京市O_3污染的区域特征分析

通过优化布点试验 ,对北京市O3 及其主要前体物NO2 、NOx进行了强化监测 ,描述了北京目前O3 污染的区域特征。通过数据分析 ,初步探讨了北京市大气对流层O3

基于OMI卫星数据的对流层O3柱总量时空分布特征分析

利用OMI卫星数据分析了2008-2017年全球及我国O 3柱总量浓度空间分布特征和长时间序列变化,总结了地形、人口密度、城市扩张和前体物NO 2等因素对中国地区O 3柱总量浓度产生的影响。结果表明,全球O 3柱总量高浓度区主要位于中低纬度且季节性差异十分显著,冬季的含量相对较低,夏季的含量相对较高。中国地区由于独特的地形条件、渐增的人口数量和稳步增长的经济发展趋势,中国O 3柱总量浓度具有东南高西北低的分布格局,且含量在逐年降低。通过对流层NO 2浓度与O 3柱总量浓度的拟合结果发现,前体物NO 2对O 3的生成和分布具有重要影响。

The structure optimization of gas-phase surface discharge and its application for dye degradation

A gas-phase surface discharge（GSD）was employed to optimize the discharge reactor structure and investigate the dye degradation.A dye mixture of methylene blue,acid orange and methyl orange was used as a model pollutant.The results indicated that the reactor structure of the GSD system with the ratio of tube inner surface area and volume of 2.48,screw pitch between a high-voltage electrode of 9.7 mm,high-voltage electrode wire diameter of 0.8 mm,dielectric tube thickness of2.0 mm and tube inner diameter of 16.13 mm presented a better ozone（O_3）generation efficiency.Furthermore,a larger screw pitch and smaller wire diameter enhanced the O_3generation.After the dye mixture degradation by the optimized GSD system,73.21%and 50.74%of the chemical oxygen demand（COD）and total organic carbon removal rate were achieved within 20 min,respectively,and the biochemical oxygen demand（BOD）and biodegradability（BOD/COD）improved.

Catalytic performance of Fe_3O_4-CoO/Al_2O_3 catalyst in ozonation of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid,nitrobenzene and oxalic acid in water

Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation using Fe（NO3）3.9H2O and Co（NO3）2.6H2O as the precursors, and its catalytic performance was investigated in ozonation of 2-（2,4-dichlorophenoxy）propionic acid （2,4-DP）, nitrobenzene and oxalic acid. The experimental results indicated that Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalyst enabled an interesting improvement of ozonation efficiency during the degradation of each organic pollutant, and the Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalytic ozonation system followed a radical-type mechanism. The kinetics of ozonation alone and Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 catalytic ozonation of three organic pollutants in aqueous solution were discussed under the mere consideration of direct ozone reaction and OH radical reaction to well investigate its performance. In the catalytic ozonation of 2,4-DP, the apparent reaction rate constants （k） were determined to be 1.456 × 10^-2 min-1 for ozonation alone and 4.740 × 10^-2 min^-1 for O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3. And O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 had a larger Rot （6.614 × 10^-9） calculated by the relative method than O3 did （1.800 x 10-9）, showing O3/Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 generated more hydroxyl radical. Similar results were also obtained in the catalytic ozonation of nitrobenzene and oxalic acid. The above results demonstrated that the catalytic performance of Fe3O4-CoO/Al2O3 in ozonation of studied organic substance was universal to a certain degree.

Characteristics of ozone pollution and the sensitivity to precursors during early summer in central plain, China

In this study,we conducted an observation experiment from May 1 to June 30,2018 in Zhengzhou,a major city in central China,where ground ozone(O3)pollution has become serious in recent years.The concentrations of O3 and its precursors,as well as H2O_(2) and meteorological data were obtained from the urban site(Yanchang,YC),suburban(Zhengzhou University,ZZU)and background sites(Ganglishuiku,GLSK).Result showed that the rates of O3 concentration exceeded Chinese National Air Quality Standard GradeⅡ(93.3 ppbv)were 59.0%,52.5%,and 55.7%at the above three sites with good consistency,respectively,indicating that O3 pollution is a regional problem in Zhengzhou.The daily peak O3 appeared at 15:00-16:00,which was opposite to VOCs,NOx,and CO and consistent with H2O_(2).The exhaustive statistical analysis of meteorological factors and chemical effects on O3 formation at YC was advanced.The high concentration of precursors,high temperature,low relative humidity,and moderately high wind speed together with the wind direction dominated by south and southeast wind contribute to urban O3 episodes in Zhengzhou.O3 formation analysis showed that reactive alkenes such as isoprene and cis-2-butene contributed most to O3 formation.The VOCs/NOx ratio and smog production model were used to determine O3-VOC-NOx sensitivity.The O3 formation in Zhengzhou during early summer was mainly under VOC-limited and transition regions alternately,which implies that the simultaneous emission reduction of alkenes and NOx is effective in reducing O3 pollution in Zhengzhou.

Pretreatment of cyanided tailings by catalytic ozonation with Mn^(2+)/O^3

The increasing amount of cyanided tailings produced as a by-product has gained significant attention in recent years because of the rapid development of the gold industry and extensive exploitation of gold mineral resources. The effective use of these secondary resources is becoming an important and urgent problem for all environmental protection staff. Manganese-catalyzed ozonation for the pre-oxidation of cyanided tailings was studied and the effects of Mn2＋dosage, initial sulfuric acid concentration, ozone volume flow, temperature and agitation speed on pretreatment were examined. The optimum reaction conditions were observed to be： ore pulp density 2.5%, agitation speed 700 r/min,temperature 60°C, Mn2＋dosage 40 g/L, ozone volume flow 80 L/hr, initial sulfuric acid concentration 1 mol/L, and reaction time 6 hr. Under these conditions, the leaching rate of Fe and weight loss could reach 94.85% and 48.89% respectively. The leaching process of cyanided tailings by Mn2＋/O3 was analyzed, and it was found that the leaching of pyrite depends on synergetic oxidation by high-valent manganese and O3, in which the former played an important part.

Climate extremes and ozone pollution:a growing threat to China’s food security

Ensuring global food security requires a sound understanding of climate and environmental controls on crop productivity.The majority of existing assessments have focused on physical climate vari-ables(i.e.,mean temperature and precipitation),but less on the increasing climate extremes(e.g.,drought)and their interactions with increasing levels of tropospheric ozone(O3).Here we quantify the combined impacts of drought and O3 on China’s crop yield using a comprehensive,process-based agricultural eco-system model in conjunction with observational data.Our results indicate that climate change/variability and O3 together led to an annual mean reduction of crop yield by 10.0%or 55 million tons per year at the national level during 1981-2010.Crop yield shows a growing threat from severe episodic droughts and in-creasing O3 concentrations since 2000,with the largest crop yield losses occurring in northern China,causing serious concerns in food supply security in China.Our results imply that reducing tropospheric O3 levels is critical for securing crop production in coping with increasing frequency and severity of extreme climate events such as droughts.Improving air quality should be a core component of climate adaptation strategies.

黄蜀葵花黄酮成分的研究

目的 :对黄蜀葵花 (AbelmoschusmanihotL Medic)总黄酮进行化学成分的研究。方法 :利用色谱和分部结晶方法进行成分分离 ,根据物理化学性质和波谱学手段对化合物进行结构鉴定。结果 :分离到 4个黄酮醇单糖苷 ,分别鉴定为棉皮素 3′ O β 葡萄糖苷 (Gossypetin 3′ O β glucoside ,1) ,异槲皮苷 (Isoquercetin ,2 ) ,金丝桃苷 (Hyperoside ,3)和槲皮素 3′ 葡萄糖苷 (Quercetin 3′ glucoside ,4 )。结论 :其中 1为新化合物 ,2为从该植物中首次分得。

珠三角城市群PM2.5和O3污染特征及VOCs组分敏感性分析

系统分析了珠三角城市群PM 2.5、O 3和挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染特征,并筛选出对二次有机气溶胶(SOA)和O 3影响较大的敏感性组分。结果显示:珠三角城市群PM 2.5和O 3浓度的季节变化具有明显差异,PM 2.5和O 3分别在1月和10月出现浓度最高值。珠三角城市群VOCs主要以烷烃为主,占比为64.2%,其次为芳香烃和烯烃,含量较高的组分为丁烷、异戊烷、异丁烷和环己烷。SOA生成潜势贡献主要以芳香烃为主,占比为78.5%,其中甲苯、间,对-二甲苯和乙苯的SOA生成潜势最大。O 3生成潜势主要以烯烃为主,占比为42.3%,其次为芳香烃(34.2%)和烷烃(23.5%),其中丙烯、异戊二烯和1-丁烯的O 3生成潜势最大。为有效缓解珠三角城市群PM 2.5和O 3污染,建议优先对机动车尾气、溶剂挥发、涂料使用和石化行业的VOCs敏感组分进行控制。

臭氧对大鼠肺灌洗液某些生化指标及肺形态的影响

观察Ｏ３对大鼠肺灌洗液中的某些生化指标及肺形态的影响，发现乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）和碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）对Ｏ３的作用较敏感，在０．４０ｍｇ／ｍ３时与对照组比较有显著性差异，酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）敏感性较差，在１．２０ｍｇ／ｍ３有显著性差异，中心肺泡区是Ｏ３作用的靶组织，０．２０ｍｇ／ｍ３可见有上皮细胞的轻度水肿，０．４０～０．８０ｍｇ／ｍ３时病变进上一步加重，纤毛细胞脱落和Ⅰ、Ⅱ型细胞的变性坏死．在１．２０ｍｇ／ｍ３时局部可见有肺气肿的改变。

典型焦化厂大气挥发性有机物排放表征分析

焦化行业是我国重要工业类别,但因其工艺过程复杂,所以VOCs(挥发性有机物)排放特征尚不明确.以典型机械焦化厂为研究对象,对焦炉烟囱、推焦、装煤和焦炉顶等不同排放环节进行采样,并利用GC/MS(气相色谱质谱联用仪)进行多物种分析,并对焦化厂排放VOCs的OFP(生成O3的潜势)进行探索性研究.结果表明:①焦化厂排放的VOCs包括烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、芳香烃、卤代烃和含氧VOCs等六大类,共90多个物种.②不同环节排放的ρ(VOCs)差异显著,其中,焦炉烟囱ρ(VOCs)排放量(87.1mg/m^3)最大,其次为推焦(4.0mg/m^3)、装煤(3.3mg/m^3)和焦炉顶(1.1mg/m^3).③不同环节排放的VOCs种类不同,但均以烷烃和烯烃为主,其中,焦炉烟囱排放的烯烃最多(占比达66%),装煤和推焦排放的则以烷烃为主(占比分别为42%和36%),焦炉顶排放的烷烃和烯烃相近(占比分别为31%和29%).④基于排放特征和最大增量反应活性法研究发现,焦炉烟囱是焦化厂VOCs减排的重点环节,烯烃是重点减排的物种,特别是乙烯、丙烯、丁烯和1,3-丁二烯等,但乙醛、苯、甲苯等也不容忽视.研究显示,以乙烷/丙烷/乙烯(三者质量浓度之比)为指标,可明显区分焦炉烟囱、推焦、装煤和焦炉顶等不同环节的VOCs排放.

石家庄市主城区臭氧污染特征及气象成因分析

为了解石家庄市主城区O3(臭氧)污染特征及其影响因子,基于2015-2018年石家庄市空气质量连续监测资料和同期气象数据分析了主城区O3污染总体特征及气象成因.结果表明:(1)石家庄市主城区大气光化学污染日益严峻,ρ(O3)日均值由2015年的47μg/m3增至2018年的66μg/m3,ρ(O3)超过GB 3095-2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准限值的天数由2015年的20 d增至2018年的70 d.(2)ρ(O3)存在明显的季节性差异,呈夏季[(89±33)μg/m3]>春季[(69±25)μg/m3]>秋季[(40±26)μg/m3]>冬季[(28±16)μg/m3]的特征;ρ(O3)日变化呈单峰型分布,谷值出现在06:00-07:00,峰值出现在15:00-16:00,且15:00-17:00是ρ(O3)超标的高发时段.(3)ρ(O3)与气温呈指数关系,当气温为20~25、25~30、≥30℃时,ρ(O3)日均值分别为75、90及119μg/m3.ρ(O3)在相对湿度为60%时存在拐点,当相对湿度≤60%时,ρ(O3)随相对湿度的增大而上升;当相对湿度>60%时,ρ(O3)随相对湿度的增大而下降.风速与ρ(O3)呈分段线性关系,当风速<2 m/s时,ρ(O3)随风速的增加而上升;当风速≥2 m/s时,ρ(O3)随风速的增加而下降.(4)影响石家庄市主城区ρ(O3)升高的污染源主要位于其东-东南-南方位,其次为东北-东方位,而西部和北部地区则较少.(5)石家庄市主城区ρ(O3)超标多发生在气温>20℃,相对湿度介于40%~70%之间,风速在1.5~3.0 m/s之间的气象背景下,经统计,当气象条件同时符合上述三项气象要素时,ρ(O3)超标天数占3-10月总超标天数的66.5%.研究显示,气温>20℃、相对湿度为40%~70%、风速为1.5~3.0 m/s的气象条件可初步作为石家庄市主城区O3污染的预警指标.

杭州湾北岸上海段石化集中区臭氧重污染过程研究

为研究杭州湾O3污染的形成机制,采用在线监测系统对杭州湾北岸上海段石化集中区O3及其前体物开展了为期1个月(2019年5月)的同步连续观测.采用OZIPR(臭氧等值线研究)模型分析O3生成的敏感性.在O3重度污染期间,利用PMF(正定矩阵因子分解)模型对O3前体物——VOCs进行源解析,采用臭氧生成潜势及气团老化分别估算了VOCs的反应活性和化学消耗.结果表明:①2019年5月杭州湾北岸上海段石化集中区O3的IAQI(空气质量分指数)优良率仅为61.3%,ρ(O3)第90%分位值为173.0μg/m 3.5月22日、23日发生重度O3污染,O3日最大8 h滑动平均值分别为(284.4±19.2)(282.0±14.2)μg/m 3,分别超过GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准限值(160μg/m 3)的77.75%和76.25%.②O3的生成受VOCs控制,降低VOCs的排放可在一定程度上降低O3的生成,降低NO x的排放反而会促进O3的生成.③O3重度污染期间,VOCs主要来自化工区排放(72.35%)和机动车尾气排放(27.65%).④O3重度污染期间,烯烃、炔烃及芳香烃对O3生成的贡献率之和在80.00%以上,其中丙烯、乙烯和甲苯的贡献率分别为29.97%、15.60%和14.16%;芳香烃及烯烃和炔烃是最主要的VOCs化学消耗物种,其中φ(丙烯)、φ(乙烯)和φ(1,2,4-三甲苯)的消耗量分别为13.57×10^-9、4.93×10^-9和3.55×10^-9.研究显示,杭州湾北岸上海段5月O3的生成受化工区影响显著,丙烯与乙烯是O3重污染期间关键的O3前体物.