Optimized Reimbursement Scheme of China's New Cooperative Medical System Using Monte Carlo Simulation

China＇s Rural Cooperative Medical System collapsed alongside communal farming at the end of the Maoist period in 1976, leaving most farmers vulnerable[1]. In rural areas, where 80% of people have been without health insurance of any kind, illness has emerged as a leading cause of poverty[24]. To address the poor state of health care among the rural population, in 2003 the Chinese government launched the New Rural Cooperative Medical System （NCMS）,

A Study on Service-Oriented Smart Medical Systems Combined with Key Algorithms in the IoT Environment

A smart medical service system architecture is proposed in this paper to increase medical resource utilization and improve the efficiency of the medical diagnosis process for complex business scenarios in the Medical Internet of Things(MIoT)environment.The resource representation model theory,multi-terminal aggregation algorithm,and the resource discovery algorithm based on latent factor model are also studied.A smart medical service system within the IoT environment is then developed,based on the open source project.Experimental results using real-world datasets illustrate that the proposed smart medical service system architecture can promote the intelligent and efficient management of medical resources to an extent,and assists in the develop towards digitization,intelligence,and precision in the field of medicine.

Significance of vulnerability assessment in establishment of Hainan provincal disaster medical system

Hainan is an island province in south China with a high frequency of unconventional emergencies due to its special geographic location and national military defense role.Given the limited transportation route from Hainan to the outside world,self-rescue is more important to Hainan Province than other provinces in China and it is therefore imperative to establish an independent, scientific as well as efficient provincal disaster medical system in Hainan.The regulatory role for vulnerability analysis/assessment has been demonstrated in establisment of disaster medical system in varoius countries and or regions.In this paper,we attempt to describe/propose how to adopt vulnerability assessment through mathematical modeling of major biophysical social vulnerability factors to establish an independent,scientific,effieicnt and comprehensive provincial disaster medical system in Hainan.

A Study on the Public Awareness of Hierarchical Medical System in Taiwan

The purpose of hierarchical medical system is to lead in terms of improving efficiency, differentiating healthcare services and promoting labor division by changing the healthcare seeking behavior. The purpose of this research aims to discuss the public awareness of hierarchical medical system in Taiwan for the reference of health policy makers. We obtained our research data using a questionnaire survey;the total number of qualified patients was 1340. This research finds that more subjects agreed to the hierarchical medical system and medical referral system, but many people still disagreed with changes to their healthcare seeking choices due to policy promotion. Subtle changes, therefore, are observed that imply a crisis in terms of the trust in healthcare. The healthcare seeking behavior will not change if there is a difference between the medical awareness of patients and policy implementation, and the government needs to be concerned with this result when making policies.

Issues concerning Migrant Workers' Participation in the New Rural Cooperative Medical System and Countermeasures——Based on the Survey in Wenjiang District and Jintang County, Chengdu City

We conduct questionnaire survey of migrant workers in Wenjiang District and Jintang County of Chengdu City,respectively,using the method of key-point investigation and the sampling survey. We describe the status quo of the sample migrant workers' participation in the New Rural Cooperative Medical System,analyze the issues concerning migrant workers' participation in the New Rural Cooperative Medical System,and put forward the countermeasures and recommendations as follows: using many types of medical insurance; establishing universal reimbursement points in strange land and premium-paying system for migrant workers; making the proportion of reimbursement open and transparent; establishing and improving medicare security system for migrant workers.

Restraining Factors and Improving Paths for the Operation Mechanism of New Rural Cooperative Medical System in China

The new rural cooperative medical system has achieved periodical achievements since its establishment.Nevertheless,there are many factors hampering the development of the new system,such as the high cost,the difficulties in fund procurement,the lack of management,the narrow coverage of benefit,the ineffective constraint to the designated medical institutions,the high fund balance rate,and the poor medical facilities and services in rural areas.Countermeasures are put forward to solve these problems,including improving the system design,expanding the coverage of the system,expanding the fund sources,reducing the financing costs,strengthening the fund supervision,enhancing the supervision of designated medical institutions,and improving the capacity of health services in rural areas.

Ultra-Wideband Systems with Energy Harvesting Units for Sensors, 5G, IoT and Medical Systems

The high tech industrial revolution in the last fifty years depleted and ruined the planet natural resources. Energy harvesting is the main challenge in the research in green technologies. Compact wideband efficient antennas are crucial for energy harvesting portable sensors and systems. Small antennas have low efficiency. The efficiency of 5G, IoT communication and energy harvesting systems may be improved by using wideband efficient passive and active antennas. The system dynamic range may be improved by connecting amplifiers to the small antenna feed line. Ultra-wideband portable harvesting systems are presented in this paper. This paper presents new Ultra-Wideband energy harvesting system and antennas in frequencies ranging from 0.15 GHz to 18 GHz. Three wideband antennas cover the frequency range from 0.15 GHz to 18 GHz. A wideband metamaterial antenna with metallic strips covers the frequency range from 0.15 GHz to 0.42 GHz. The antenna bandwidth is around 75% for VSWR better than 2.3:1. A wideband slot antenna covers the frequency range from 0.4 GHz to 6.4 GHz. A wideband fractal notch antenna covers the frequency range from 6 GHz to 18 GHz. Printed passive and active notch and slot antennas are compact, low cost and have low volume. The active antennas may be employed in energy harvesting portable systems. The antennas and the harvesting system components may be assembled on the same, printed board. The printed notch and slot antennas bandwidth are from 75% to 100% for VSWR better than 3:1. The slot and notch antenna gain is around 3 dBi with efficiency higher than 90%. The antennas electrical parameters were computed in free space and near the human body. There is a good agreement between computed and measured results.

Research on the Problems and Countermeasures of New Rural Cooperative Medical System

Our country rural area has carried out broad practice on new model system of rural cooperative medical services, and the rural new medical treatment system has developed quickly. However, there are still many problems which needs us to solve. This article will analysis its present situation, problems and reasons, then give some suggestions to solve these problems. The new rural cooperative medical system has made great achievements since its implementation, which is a radical reform of the traditional medical systen. Lcd by thc govcmmcnt, trying to solve the majority of the Chinese population of the peasant groups to see the doctor difficult and expensive medical problems, and effectively protect the vital interests of farmers, so that people=oriented, establish and improve the rural medical service system. This paper analyzes the status quo of the new rural cooperative medical system, puts forward the problems, finds the reasons, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures on the basis of this.

Privacy-Preserving Healthcare and Medical Data Collaboration Service System Based on Blockchain and Federated Learning

As the volume of healthcare and medical data increases from diverse sources,real-world scenarios involving data sharing and collaboration have certain challenges,including the risk of privacy leakage,difficulty in data fusion,low reliability of data storage,low effectiveness of data sharing,etc.To guarantee the service quality of data collaboration,this paper presents a privacy-preserving Healthcare and Medical Data Collaboration Service System combining Blockchain with Federated Learning,termed FL-HMChain.This system is composed of three layers:Data extraction and storage,data management,and data application.Focusing on healthcare and medical data,a healthcare and medical blockchain is constructed to realize data storage,transfer,processing,and access with security,real-time,reliability,and integrity.An improved master node selection consensus mechanism is presented to detect and prevent dishonest behavior,ensuring the overall reliability and trustworthiness of the collaborative model training process.Furthermore,healthcare and medical data collaboration services in real-world scenarios have been discussed and developed.To further validate the performance of FL-HMChain,a Convolutional Neural Network-based Federated Learning(FL-CNN-HMChain)model is investigated for medical image identification.This model achieves better performance compared to the baseline Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),having an average improvement of 4.7%on Area Under Curve(AUC)and 7%on Accuracy(ACC),respectively.Furthermore,the probability of privacy leakage can be effectively reduced by the blockchain-based parameter transfer mechanism in federated learning between local and global models.

A novel medical image data protection scheme for smart healthcare system

The Internet of Multimedia Things(IoMT)refers to a network of interconnected multimedia devices that communicate with each other over the Internet.Recently,smart healthcare has emerged as a significant application of the IoMT,particularly in the context of knowledge‐based learning systems.Smart healthcare systems leverage knowledge‐based learning to become more context‐aware,adaptable,and auditable while maintain-ing the ability to learn from historical data.In smart healthcare systems,devices capture images,such as X‐rays,Magnetic Resonance Imaging.The security and integrity of these images are crucial for the databases used in knowledge‐based learning systems to foster structured decision‐making and enhance the learning abilities of AI.Moreover,in knowledge‐driven systems,the storage and transmission of HD medical images exert a burden on the limited bandwidth of the communication channel,leading to data trans-mission delays.To address the security and latency concerns,this paper presents a lightweight medical image encryption scheme utilising bit‐plane decomposition and chaos theory.The results of the experiment yield entropy,energy,and correlation values of 7.999,0.0156,and 0.0001,respectively.This validates the effectiveness of the encryption system proposed in this paper,which offers high‐quality encryption,a large key space,key sensitivity,and resistance to statistical attacks.

3D image system improves the learning curve and contributes to medical education of rhinoplasty

Background: Rhinoplasty is a complex surgical procedure that requires critical analysis and precise design before surgery, making it a challenging operation for both the surgical team and medical educators. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of 3D design involvement on learning curves and to establish a more effective method for rhinoplasty education.Methods: Surgeons who participated in an educational program were divided into two groups. The experimental group was involved in the 3D design before the operation, and the control group was asked to review the rhinoplasty atlas. A self-assessment questionnaire was used to evaluate the learning curve of the eight rhinoplasty procedures for each surgeon, and the overall satisfaction rate data were also collected.Results: The self-assessment scores in both groups showed an increasing trend from the first to the eighth operation. The mean scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group at the fifth operation(P=0.01). The satisfaction rate of the experimental group(91.7%) was higher than that of the control group(54.5%).Conclusion: The 3D imaging system can improve the learning curve and satisfaction rate of rhinoplasty education,proving that it is an easy and effective tool for medical education.

Ethics of Human Resources Management in the Cameroonian Health System, Medical Nomadism and the Ineffectiveness of the Fight against High Blood Pressure

Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of skills on both qualitative and quantitative levels is one of the essential functions of a health system. To better implement policies of fight against High Blood Pressure (HBP) and other chronic diseases, it is important to establish strategies to retain health personnel. This loyalty requires favorable working conditions and consideration of the contribution-reward couple. Good working conditions are likely to reduce the phenomenon of medical nomadism;conversely, poor HR management can contribute to their exodus towards exotic “green pastures”, thus leading to an additional crisis in the Cameroonian health system. The fight against HBP is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires appropriate management model for all types of resources mainly HR. The main objective of this research is to show the impact of poor management of human resources in Cameroon health system on medical nomadism and the ineffectiveness of the fight against High Blood Pressure. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive survey among five hundred (500) health facilities in the center region of Cameroon has been conducted. A stratified probabilistic technique has been used, and the number of health facilities to be surveyed has been determined using the “sample size estimation table” of Depelteau. The physical questionnaires have been printed and then distributed to data collectors. After data collection, the latter were grouped during processing in Excel sheets. The Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value to assess the normality and reliability of data. The Crochach’s Alpha reliability test allowed us to have a summary of the means and variances and then to search for intragroup correlations between variables. Descriptive analysis was possible with the XLSTAT 2016 software. Results: 43.60% of Health Facilities (HF) managers were unqualified. 82.20% of HF managers have staff in a situation of professional insecurity. They are mainly contractual (49.00), decision-making agents (24.40%), casual agents (08.80). The proportion of unstable personnel is average of 22.00% and very unstable, 12.00%.

Functional Confirmation Using a Medical X-Ray System of a Semiconductor Survey Meter

In recent years, semiconductor survey meters have been developed and are in increasing demand worldwide. This study determined if it is possible to use the X-ray system installed in each medical facility to calculate the time constant of a semiconductor survey meter and confirm the meter’s function. An additional filter was attached to the medical X-ray system to satisfy the standards of N-60 to N-120, more copper plates were added as needed, and the first and second half-value layers were calculated to enable comparisons of the facility’s X-ray system quality with the N-60 to N-120 quality values. Next, we used a medical X-ray system to measure the leakage dose and calculate the time constant of the survey meter. The functionality of the meter was then checked and compared with the energy characteristics of the meter. The experimental results showed that it was possible to use a medical X-ray system to reproduce the N-60 to N-120 radiation quality values and to calculate the time constant from the measured results, assuming actual leakage dosimetry for that radiation quality. We also found that the calibration factor was equivalent to that of the energy characteristics of the survey meter.

GE MEDICAL SYSTEMS Revolution GSI CT与飞利浦ingenia CX核磁共振诊断股骨头坏死患者的临床价值探讨

目的:分析在诊断股骨头坏死的过程中GE MEDICAL SYSTEMS Revolution GSI CT与飞利浦ingenia CX核磁共振所获得的诊断价值。方法:本研究将2019年5月~2022年5月在本院接受股骨头坏死治疗的患者46例根据随机数字表法分为研究组(n=23,诊断方法:核磁共振)与参照组(n=23,诊断方法:CT)。结果:研究组患者股骨头坏死诊断阳性率明显高于参照组患者,P<0.05。研究组患者1期、2期股骨头坏死情况检出率与参照组患者相比明显较高,两组患者存在显著统计学差异,P<0.05;在3期、4期股骨头坏死情况检出率的比较上两组患者并无显著统计学差异,P>0.05。结论:在股骨头坏死患者诊断的过程中飞利浦ingenia CX核磁共振获得了较为理想的效果,其应用价值与GE MEDICAL SYSTEMS Revolution GSI CT相比明显较高,可以将其作为股骨头坏死的一种首选诊断方法。

Flexner has fallen:Transitions in medical education system across time,a gradual return to pre-Flexnerian state(de-Flexnerization)

The modern medical education system has gradually evolved starting from 1910 incorporating the suggestions by Abraham Flexner,his public disclosure of the poor conditions at many medical schools provided a means to galvanize all the constituencies needed for reform to occur.He could say what other reformers could not,due to their links to the medical education community.But now we are again going back to a pre-Flexnerian state due to multiple reasons such as gradually diminishing importance of basic science subjects for the students,the decline in the number and quality of investigator initiated research among clinical researchers,lesser emphasis to bedside training by means of detailed clinical examination and making appropriate observation of signs to reach to a diagnosis rather than over reliance on the laboratory tests and radiological modalities for the diagnosis,poor exposure to basic clinical skills starting from college throughout residency and the trend of disrespect and absenteeism from both theoretical and clinical/practical classes.The attitude of students is just to complete their required attendance so that they are not barred from appearing in examinations.This de-Flexnerization trend and regression to pre-Flexnerian era standards,ideologies,structures,processes,and attitudes,are bound to beget pre-Flexnerian outcomes,for you get what you designed for.

Process,Material,and Regulatory Considerations for 3D Printed Medical Devices and Tissue Constructs

Three-dimensional(3D)printing is a highly automated platform that facilitates material deposition in a layer-by-layer approach to fabricate pre-defined 3D complex structures on demand.It is a highly promising technique for the fabrication of personalized medical devices or even patient-specific tissue constructs.Each type of 3D printing technique has its unique advantages and limitations,and the selection of a suitable 3D printing technique is highly dependent on its intended application.In this review paper,we present and highlight some of the critical processes(printing parameters,build orientation,build location,and support structures),material(batch-to-batch consistency,recycling,protein adsorption,biocompatibility,and degradation properties),and regulatory considerations(sterility and mechanical properties)for 3D printing of personalized medical devices.The goal of this review paper is to provide the readers with a good understanding of the various key considerations(process,material,and regulatory)in 3D printing,which are critical for the fabrication of improved patient-specific 3D printed medical devices and tissue constructs.

Design of Fine Life Cycle Prediction System for Failure of Medical Equipment

The inquiry process of traditional medical equipment maintenance management is complex,which has a negative impact on the efficiency and accuracy of medical equipment maintenance management and results in a significant amount of wasted time and resources.To properly predict the failure of medical equipment,a method for failure life cycle prediction of medical equipment was developed.The system is divided into four modules:the whole life cycle management module constructs the life cycle data set of medical devices from the three parts of the management in the early stage,the middle stage,and the later stage;the status detection module monitors the main operation data of the medical device components through the normal value of the relevant sensitive data in the whole life cycle management module;and the main function of the fault diagnosis module is based on the normal value of the relevant sensitive data in the whole life cycle management module.The inference machine diagnoses the operation data of the equipment;the fault prediction module constructs a fine prediction system based on the least square support vector machine algorithm and uses the AFS-ABC algorithm to optimize the model to obtain the optimal model with the regularized parameters and width parameters;the optimal model is then used to predict the failure of medical equipment.Comparative experiments are designed to determine whether or not the design system is effective.The results demonstrate that the suggested system accurately predicts the breakdown of ECG diagnostic equipment and incubators and has a high level of support and dependability.The design system has the minimum prediction error and the quickest program execution time compared to the comparison system.Hence,the design system is able to accurately predict the numerous causes and types of medical device failure.

Advancements in medical treatment for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors:A beacon of hope

This editorial highlights the remarkable advancements in medical treatment strategies for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(pan-NETs),emphasizing tailored approaches for specific subtypes.Cytoreductive surgery and somatostatin analogs(SSAs)play pivotal roles in managing tumors,while palliative options such as molecular targeted therapy,peptide receptor radionuclide therapy,and chemotherapy are reserved for SSA-refractory patients.Gastrinomas,insul-inomas,glucagonomas,carcinoid tumors and VIPomas necessitate distinct thera-peutic strategies.Understanding the genetic basis of pan-NETs and exploring immunotherapies could lead to promising avenues for future research.This review underscores the evolving landscape of pan-NET treatment,offering renewed hope and improved outcomes for patients facing this complex disease.

Reconstruction of Knowledge and Medical Images in the Convergence of Chinese and Western Medicine:Taking “Sweet Meat” as an Example

The pancreas is neither part of the five Zang organs(五脏) nor the six Fu organs(六腑).Thus,it has received little attention in Chinese medical literature.In the late 19th century,medical missionaries in China started translating and introducing anatomical and physiological knowledge about the pancreas.As for the word pancreas,an early and influential translation was “sweet meat”(甜肉),proposed by Benjamin Hobson(合信).The translation “sweet meat” is not faithful to the original meaning of “pancreas”,but is a term coined by Hobson based on his personal habits,and the word “sweet” appeared by chance.However,in the decades since the term “sweet meat” became popular,Chinese medicine practitioners,such as Tang Zonghai(唐宗海),reinterpreted it by drawing new medical illustrations for “sweet meat” and giving new connotations to the word “sweet”.This discussion and interpretation of “sweet meat” in modern China,particularly among Chinese medicine professionals,is not only a dissemination and interpretation of the knowledge of “pancreas”,but also a construction of knowledge around the term “sweet meat”.

Severity Based Light-Weight Encryption Model for Secure Medical Information System

As the amount of medical images transmitted over networks and kept on online servers continues to rise,the need to protect those images digitally is becoming increasingly important.However,due to the massive amounts of multimedia and medical pictures being exchanged,low computational complexity techniques have been developed.Most commonly used algorithms offer very little security and require a great deal of communication,all of which add to the high processing costs associated with using them.First,a deep learning classifier is used to classify records according to the degree of concealment they require.Medical images that aren’t needed can be saved by using this method,which cuts down on security costs.Encryption is one of the most effective methods for protecting medical images after this step.Confusion and dispersion are two fundamental encryption processes.A new encryption algorithm for very sensitive data is developed in this study.Picture splitting with image blocks is nowdeveloped by using Zigzag patterns,rotation of the image blocks,and random permutation for scrambling the blocks.After that,this research suggests a Region of Interest(ROI)technique based on selective picture encryption.For the first step,we use an active contour picture segmentation to separate the ROI from the Region of Background(ROB).Permutation and diffusion are then carried out using a Hilbert curve and a Skew Tent map.Once all of the blocks have been encrypted,they are combined to create encrypted images.The investigational analysis is carried out to test the competence of the projected ideal with existing techniques.