STUDY ON THE SURFACE ELECTRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FLAKE GRAPHITE AND THE MECHANISM OF ABSORPTION MEDICAMENT

It is of important significance to make studies on the sur-face electric characteristics of flake graphite and their variation law for strengthening the floatation of flake graphite.In this paper, DPM type microelectrophoresis apparatus is used to de-termine the surface Zeta-potential of flake graphite pure mineral, study the affection of pulp pH value, seueral kinds of inorganic salt ions and anion surface activation agent (petroleum sodium sulfonate ) on flake graphite surface Zeta-potential,and explore the surface absorption charac-teristics of graphite.The floatation experiment of flake graphite pure mineral shows that both the petroleum sodium sulfonate and inorganic salt can strengthen the conventional floatation of flake graphite. The surface characteristic varia-tion caused by them is also an important factor to promote graphite floata-tion.

<i>In Vitro</i>Evaluation of the Staining Effects of Two Intracanal Medicaments over a 3-Month Period

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the tooth color alterations associated with two intracanal medicaments, calcium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide combined with aquatic solution of chlorexidine, for up to three months post-treatment. Materials & Methods: Thirty-one intact human anterior mature teeth were used. Black adhesive tape with a 4-mm diameter window was used to standardize the enamel surface intended for color analysis. After access cavity preparation, cleaning and shaping were completed with rotary nickel-titanium files. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n = 15), each according to the intracanal medicament used: (A) calcium hydroxide paste (UltraCalTM XSTM Ultradent Products, Inc., USA);(B) 2% chlorhexidine aquatic solution combined with pure calcium hydroxide powder. In one tooth, no medicament was placed (pilot). The enamel surfaces were colormetrically evaluated at the following time intervals: before placing the medicaments, immediately after placement, after 1 week as well as after 1, 2 and 3 months post-treatment. The CIE color parameters (L*, a*, b*) were recorded for each material and the corresponding color differences (ΔΕ) were calculated and statistically analyzed. Results: The most significant factor in tooth discoloration was the time intervals. The most important changes of the ΔΕ values were recorded after the 1st week and after the 3rd month. L* presented an overall increase in both groups, resulting in a higher lightness of the crown color. Only L* did show significant alterations during specific time intervals. Conclusions: There is no statistically significant relationship between the type of intracanal medicament and tooth color alteration. Time is statistically the most important factor affecting the discoloration ability of Ca(OH)2, either combined with chlorexidine or not. Consequently, the clinician should always take this into account before using such medicaments for a long-term treatment.

Study on the interaction between volatile oil components and skin lipids based on molecular docking techniques

Objective To analyze the interactions between different structural types of volatile oil compo-nents(VOCs)and skin lipid molecules;and investigate the mechanism of volatile oil in Chi-nese materia medica(VOCMM)as penetration enhancers.Methods In this study;210 different structural types of VOCs were selected from the VOCMM penetration enhancer database;and the molecular docking experiments were conducted with three main lipid molecules of skin:ceramide 2(CER2);cholesterol(CHL);and free fatty acid(FFA).Each VOC was docked individually with each lipid molecule.Cluster analysis was used to explore the relationship between the binding energy of VOCs and their molecular struc-tures.Nine specific pathogen-free(SPF)Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided in-to Control;Nootkatone;and 3-Butylidenephthalide groups for in vitro percutaneous experi-ments;with three rats in each group.The donor pool solutions were 3%gastrodin;3%gas-trodin+3%nootkatone;and 3%gastrodin+3%3-butylidenephthalide;respectively.The pen-etration enhancing effects of VOCs with higher binding energy were evaluated by comparing the 12-hour cumulative percutaneous absorption of gastrodin(Q12;µg/cm²).Results(i)Most of the VOCs were non-hydrogen bonded to the hydrophobic parts of CHL and FFA;and hydrogen bonded to the head group of CER2.Among them;sesquiterpene ox-ides showed the most pronounced binding affinity to CER2.The VOCs with 2-4 rings(in-cluding carbon rings;benzene rings;and heterocycles)demonstrated stronger binding affini-ty for three skin lipid molecules compared with the VOCs without intramolecular rings(P<0.01).(ii)According to the cluster analysis;most of the VOCs that bond well to CER2 had 2-3 intramolecular rings.The non-oxygenated VOCs were bonded to CER2 in a hydrophobic manner.The oxygenated VOCs were mostly bonded to CER2 by hydrogen bonding.(iii)The results of Franz diffusion cell experiment showed that the Q12 of Control group was 260.60±25.09µg/cm2;and the transdermal absorption of gastrodin was significantly increased in Nootkatone group(Q12=5503.00±1080.00µg/cm²;P<0.01).The transdermal absorption of gastrodin was also increased in 3-Butylidenephthalide group(Q12=495.40±56.98µg/cm²;P>0.05).(iv)The type of oxygen-containing functional groups in VOCs was also an influencing factor of binding affinity to CER2.Conclusion The interactions between different types of VOCs with different structures in the VOCMM and three skin lipid molecules in the stratum corneum were investigated at the molecular level in this paper.This research provided theoretical guidance and data support for the screening of volatile oil-based penetration enhancers;and a simple and rapid method for studying the penetration-enhancing mechanism of volatile oils.

Discovery of the relationship between bitter taste and bitter flavor (efficacy) based on hTAS2Rs

Objective:To explore the relationship between bitter taste and bitter flavor(efficacy),their character-istics were analyzed at the target and pharmacodynamic points.Methods:Compounds with bitter receptor activity were obtained by high-throughput screening models of the human bitter taste receptors(hTAS2Rs),which were used to analyze bitter taste.The efficacy of anti-asthma medications was used as an example to research bitter flavor(efficacy).The pharmacological effects of bitter taste and bitter flavor(efficacy)were classified according to the functional modules.The coverage for the same targets or pharmacological effects in the overall protein interaction network(PIN)of bitter taste and bitter flavor(efficacy)was analyzed to reveal their relationship.The effect of the compound polydatin with anti-asthma activation on hTAS2R14 was studied to verify the reliability of the aforementioned idea.Results:A total of 121 Chinese materia medica(CMM)compounds that activate hTAS2R10,hTAS2R14,and hTAS2R49 were obtained.The analysis results indicated that 108 same targets for bitter taste and bitter flavor(efficacy)were obtained,accounting for 13.9%in the PIN of bitter taste and 72.5%in the PIN of bitter flavor(efficacy).The pharmacological effects shared by bitter taste and bitter flavor(efficacy)accounted for 79%of the PIN of bitter taste and 81%of the PIN of bitter flavor(efficacy).The activating effect of the anti-asthma compound polydatin on hTAS2R14 was dose-dependent with EC 50 of 4.3 m M.Conclusion:In this study,the relationship between bitter taste and bitter flavor(efficacy)has been demonstrated from the target and pharmacodynamic points,which are based on hTAS2Rs and anti-asthma effect.Bitter taste and bitter flavor(efficacy)exhibited a high correlation.This study provides a theoretical and scientific basis for the hypothesis that“the property theory of CMM is the clinical pharmacodynamics of CMM.”

Understanding Poison:Study of a Word Du from the Perspective of Comparative History

This article investigates the word Du(毒)in premodern Chinese medicine and culture.It highlights the paradoxical meaning of the word that served as a foundation for the therapeutic use of poisons in traditional Chinese medicine.The article then situates the study in a comparative framework.By comparing the Chinese notion of Du with the Greek concept of pharmakon,it demonstrates significant similarities on the medical use of poisons in the two cultures.It further identifies a striking difference:While the European pharmacy started to separate poisons from medicines in the medieval era,poisons remained an integral part of healing repertoire throughout imperial China.The article ends with offering some cultural explanations for this divergence,and more broadly,a distinct worldview as revealed by the intimate relationship between poisons and medicines in traditional Chinese pharmacy.

From Hai Yao, Yang Yao to Xi Yao: Sinification of Material Medical from the West

In ancient China, Daoist philosophers developed the concepts of qi(energy), Wu Xing(five elements), and yin(feminine, dark, negative) and yang(masculine, bright, positive) opposite forces between 200 and 600 BCE. Based on these philosophies, Zhen Jiu(acupuncture), Ben Cao(materia medica), and the practice of Qi Gong(energy optimization movements) evolved as the three interrelated therapeutic regimens of Chinese medicine(Note 1). Since the time of Zhang Qian, who discovered China's western regions in the 1st century BCE, Hai Yao(the exotic elements of materia medica from the maritime Silk Road countries), had been transmitted from the ancient land and maritime routes of the Silk Road to China in the past two millennia(Note 2). Since the late 17th century, the English East India Company, later called the British East India Company, introduced Yang Yao(opium) to the Manchu Qing Empire to balance a growing trade deficit for tea export from China to the British Empire. After the First Opium War ended in 1842, enterprising expatriate chemists and druggists in the treaty ports imported Xi Yao(modern medicines from the Western world) for sale to the merchant navy and the local market. From the second half of the 19th century onwards, both Hai Yao and Xi Yao have become a fully integrated part of modern China's armamentarium for the Chinese medicine and Western hospitals and retail pharmacy sectors. This paper articulates the journey of adoption of exotic elements of materia medica from the ancient land and sea routes of the Silk Road, including the western regions and the rest of the world in the past two millennia. Opium traders, ship surgeons, medical and pharmaceutical missionaries, enterprising traders, and policymakers together transformed Ben Cao into Xi Yao during the late Manchu Qing dynasty and the early Nationalist Era.

Philosophy and Philology:Two Approaches of Commentating the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(Shen Nong's Classic of the Materia Medica)in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

This paper tests the hypothesis that the commentary trend of the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(Shen Nong’s Classic of the Materia Medica)arises alongside the fashionable philology of the time,or the aversion against the Jin-Yuan medical philosophy.After surveying 12 major commentaries,it is concluded that the situation is more complicated than a simple assertion.The seemingly opposite philosophy and philology approaches have been used eclectically to innovate the understanding of ancient traditional Chinese medicine texts.

Research progress in mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is a chronic degenerative Osteoarthritis disease.The majority of patients with knee osteoarthritis were elderly patients.The disease not only greatly affects the work and life of patients but also brings serious burden to families and society.The traditional Chinese medicine has a long history in China,which has shown a multi-pathway and multitarget mechanism for the prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis.According to the properties of Chinese medicine,it was divided into four categories:drugs to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis,drugs to clear heat,drugs to dispel wind dampness and drugs to tonify deficiency.In addition,the relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent five years were reviewed to summarize and generalize the mechanism of traditionalChinese medicine in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis,in order to provide reference for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with traditional Chinese medicine.

Textual Research on Dioscorides and De Materia Medica

The Greek pharmacologist Dioscorides’s De Materia Medica is one of the greatest works in the history of Greek-Arabic Traditional Medicine, and also is an essential medical textbook and pharmacological standard in Europe. This paper studied the historical background, academic characteristics, editions, and significant contributions to traditional medicine of De Materia Medica and Dioscorides. It was concluded that the book has substantial scientific importance and remarkable cultural attributes. De Materia Medica of Dioscorides has both nourished world traditional medicine and promoted the communication and development of medicinal knowledge worldwide. It is significant for us to explore further the related understanding of traditional medicine, history, society, and culture.

Construction of universal quantitative models for the determination of cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium for injection from different manufacturers using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy

To develop near-infrared （NIR） reflectance spectroscopic methods for the quantitative analysis of cefoperazone sodium/ sulbactam sodium from different manufacturers for injection powder medicaments. Various powders of cefoperazone sodium/ sulbactam sodium were directly analyzed by non-destructive NIR reflectance spectroscopy using the spectrometer EQUINOX55. Two quantitative methods via integrating sphere （IS） and fiberoptic probe （FOP） models were explored from 6 batches of commercial samples and 42 batches of laboratory samples at a content ranging from 30% to 70% for cefoperazone and 60% to 20% for sulbactam. The root mean square errors of cross validation （RMSECV） and the root mean square errors of prediction （RMSEP） of IS were 1.79% and 2.85%, respectively, for cefoperazone sodium, and were 1.86% and 3.08%, respectively, for sulbactam sodium; and those of FOP were 2.93% and 2.92%, respectively, for cefoperazone sodium, and were 2.23% and 3.01%, respectively, for sulbactam sodium. Based on the ICH guidelines and Ref. 12, the quantitative models were then evaluated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and model transferability. The non-destructive quantitative NIR methods used in this study are applicable for rapid analysis of injectable powdered drugs from different manufacturers.

药物治疗药物性鼻炎疗效观察

鼻塞是鼻病最常见的症状之一，国内基层医院医师及药店药剂师仍主要使用鼻用血管收缩剂治疗鼻塞症状。长期应用鼻用血管收缩剂可以引起反跳性鼻充血，患者为了保持鼻腔通气而增加鼻用血管收缩剂的使用次数和剂量，使症状进一步加重，导致药物性鼻炎，属于慢性鼻炎中的一种特殊类型。由于鼻用血管收缩剂能迅速、暂时解除鼻塞，再加上医师和患者使用的随意性，使得该病的发病率呈上升趋势。

中国神方丙治疗β-地中海贫血症的临床与机理研究

β-地中海贫血(以下简称β-地贫)是世界性顽症之一,它是一种遗传性贫血,其分子基础是由于β-基因缺失或功能缺乏,使β-珠蛋白链不能合成导致早期造血障碍。其治疗以输血为主,有的用5氮胞苷(Azac),阿糖胞苷(Arac)羟基脲(HU)等化疗药物治疗。刘氏曾报告马利兰虽能明显提高贫血恒河猴的r-基因表达,使HbF(抗碱血红蛋白)合成,临床上也有一定的效果,但上述这些药物均有很强的副反应。我们根据中医肾藏精生髓”的理论,采用滋补肾阴生血法。

西利宾胺预防HBVM阳性患者结核性药物肝损害的临床研究

目的 探讨西利宾胺对HBVM阳性患者的结核性药物肝损害的预防效果。方法 14 5例HBVM阳性的肺结核患者随机分观察组和对照组 ,均应用含“HR”方案抗结核化疗 ,观察组同时加用西利宾胺预防药物性肝损害。结果 药物性肝损害发生率观察组为 2 0 .3% ,对照组为 4 7.9% ,两组比较差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 1)。抗结核化疗中断发生率观察组为 13.5 %。对照组为 35 .2 % ,差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 1)。重新调整化疗方案的发生率观察组为 8.1% ,对照组为 2 5 .4 % ,两者比较差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 西利宾胺可显著降低HBVM阳性患者的结核性药物性肝损害的发生率 。

红景天立枯病病原鉴定及其药剂防治

对吉林省和龙市红景天基地苗圃发生的立枯病症状及病原菌形态进行了观察 ,并进行了病原菌分离及致病性测定。结果表明 :红景天立枯病病原为立枯丝核菌 (RhizoctoniasolaniKuhn)。红景天苗栽培密度和田间除草状况是影响红景天立枯病发生程度的最主要因素。多菌灵、菌核净、多菌灵 +退菌特混剂以及 40 2抗菌剂等药剂对红景天立枯病的防效较高 ,是防治红景天立枯病的首选药剂。

异甘草酸镁治疗化疗药物性肝损害疗效观察

目的观察异甘草酸镁对于恶性肿瘤患者接受化疗时并发药物性肝损害的治疗作用。方法将化疗后出现药物性肝损害56例患者分为2组,治疗组(28例)予以异甘草酸镁注射液;对照组(28例)予以甘草酸二铵注射液,观察比较两组患者治疗肝损害的疗效,1次/d,连用2周。结果2周后,两组丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬酸氨基转移酶及总胆红素较治疗前均明显下降(P<0.01),两组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),但显效率治疗组(71.43%)明显高于对照组(42.86%)(P<0.05)。结论异甘草酸镁对恶性肿瘤患者化疗药物性肝损害有较好的治疗作用。

116例药源性肝损害分析

目的:为探讨药源性肝损害病因学近年所发生的变化.方法:对我院近5年收治的116例药源性肝损害进行总结分析.结果:发现引发肝损害的中成药占56.03%,中药汤剂占17.25%;影响生长代谢药占9.48%,中枢神经系统药占5.17%,抗结核药和免疫抑制剂分别占3.45%,消化系统药和解热镇痛剂各占1.72%,其它占1.72%.结论:提示目前中成药引发肝损害病例较前增多,对其安全性的监测要进一步加强.

复方甘草酸苷治疗化疗引起的药物性肝损害的疗效观察

目的寻找对化疗引起肝功能损害有效的治疗方法。方法将因化疗引起肝功能损害的76例恶性肿瘤患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,分别静脉滴注复方甘草酸苷注射液、还原型谷胱甘肽注射液,1次/d,连用3wk。结果治疗1、3wk后,治疗组丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬酸氨基转移酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶的下降幅度均明显大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论复方甘草酸苷对化疗引起的药物性肝功能损害有较好的防治作用。

响应面法优化佛手总黄酮提取工艺

以乙醇溶液为提取溶剂从佛手(Citrus medica var.sarcodactylis)中提取总黄酮,在单因素试验的基础上以佛手总黄酮提取率为指标,选择提取温度、提取时间和液料比3个因素进行Box-Behnken中心组合试验,优化佛手总黄酮的提取工艺条件。结果表明,优化的提取工艺条件为体积分数60%的乙醇溶液作提取溶剂、提取温度69℃、提取时间1.9 h、液料比V乙醇:m佛手粉=32:1(mL/g)、提取2次,该条件下佛手总黄酮提取率为0.565 9%。

Neuroprotective Effects of Bushen Decoction Against Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells

Aim The enhanced effect of Bushen (Kidney-tonifying) decoction (BS) oncultured PC12 cell proliferation and its antagonistic action on neurotoxicity induced by glutamatewere investigated by serum pharmacological method of the Chinese material medica (CMM) in vitro.Methods The effect of BS on cultured PC12 cell activity and its antagonistic action on neurotoxicityinduced by glutamate was observed by MTT method. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopetechniques were employed to observe the antagonistic effect of BS on early period apoptosis of PC12cells induced by glutamate. Results The serum with BS was able to enhance activity of PC12 cells andexert antagonistic effect on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Meanwhile, these beneficial effectsproduced by BS were found to be the strongest in 20% concentration of in serum BS. Moreover, it caninhibit apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by glutamate , which occurs in the early period. ConclusionBS may exert a potential neuroprotective effect.

58例儿童药源性肾病的病因和临床表现调查分析

目的:为正确诊断和治疗药源性肾病,对58例该病患者进行了调查分析.方法:根据用药史、临床症状、尿、肾功能检验等以及停药后效应、排除原发病等作出综合诊断.结果:在引起药源性肾病的有关药物中,氨基糖戒类43.10%,头孢菌素类13.79%,解热镇痛类29.31%,横胺类8.62%,抗结核类3.45%.临床分类中单纯性血尿43例,单纯性白尿8例,血尿、蛋白尿混合性4例,急性肾功能不全3例.结论:在儿科临床使用上述药物时要注意进行尿液监测,一旦明确诊断,应立即停用有关药物.