The lath-or plate-shaped bainitic ferrite of low and medium carbon alloy steels consists of packets of ferrite sublaths which are composed of many finer and regular ferrite blocks.They are uniform shear growth units o...The lath-or plate-shaped bainitic ferrite of low and medium carbon alloy steels consists of packets of ferrite sublaths which are composed of many finer and regular ferrite blocks.They are uniform shear growth units of bainitic phase transformation.No carbide is precipitated from them.The bainitic O-carbides are precipitated from γ-α interface or carbon-rich austenite.The mode of arrangement of the units in ferrite sublath packet is in uni-or bi-di- rection.Single surface relief is produced by the accumulation of uniform shear strains with all the ferrite units arranged unidirectionally in a sublath packet,while tent-shaped surface relief is formed by the integration of the uniform shear strains of two groups with ferrite units piling up in two directions and growing face to face;whereas if they grow back to back,the integra- tion will be responsible for invert-tent-shaped surface relief.The interface trace between two groups of ferrite units in a sublath packet is shown as“midrib”.展开更多
绝热压缩空气储能(adiabatic compressed air energy storage,A-CAES)系统通常采用恒容储气的方式储存空气,导致空气不能完全从储气装置内释放,存在能量储存密度低、单位储气成本高的问题。为此提出了基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统...绝热压缩空气储能(adiabatic compressed air energy storage,A-CAES)系统通常采用恒容储气的方式储存空气,导致空气不能完全从储气装置内释放,存在能量储存密度低、单位储气成本高的问题。为此提出了基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统,通过借助外部工质的压力迫使空气完全从储气装置中释放。然而,采用变容储气的方式增加了储气装置复杂性和设备投资成本。因此,本文对基于工质CO_(2)相变的变容储气A-CAES系统进行了技术经济性分析,并与恒容储气A-CAES系统进行了对比。结果表明,基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统的能量储存密度为28.30 MJ/m^(3),比恒容储气A-CAES系统的储能密度提高了83.65%。采用变容储气的方式可以使储气装置的单位储气成本从49.17元/kg降低至36.59元/kg。在整个系统运行周期内,基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统的动态投资回收期和项目净现值分别为7.36 a和101427.85万元,比恒容储气A-CAES系统减少了1.45 a和增加了3831.74万元。基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统具有较好的应用前景。展开更多
Based on the analysis of the basic characteristics of medium-and large-sized marine gas fields in Sichuan Basin, combined with the division of major reservoir forming geological units in the marine craton stage and th...Based on the analysis of the basic characteristics of medium-and large-sized marine gas fields in Sichuan Basin, combined with the division of major reservoir forming geological units in the marine craton stage and their control on key hydrocarbon accumulation factors, the distribution law of medium-and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in the basin was examined and the exploration direction was pointed out. Through the analysis of the periodic stretching-uplifting background, it is concluded that five large scale paleo-rifts, three large scale paleo-uplifts, five large scale paleo erosion surfaces were formed in the marine craton stage of Sichuan Basin, and these geological units control the key reservoir forming factors of medium and large sized gas fields:(1) Large-scale paleo-rifts control the distribution of high-quality hydrocarbon generation centers.(2) The margin of large-scale paleo-rifts, high position of paleo-uplifts and paleo erosion surfaces control the distribution of high-quality reservoirs.(3) Large-scale paleo-rifts, paleo-uplifts, paleo erosion surfaces and present tectonic setting jointly control the formation of many types of large and medium-sized traps.(4) Natural gas accumulation is controlled by the inheritance evolution of traps in large geological units. Based on the comparative analysis of the distribution characteristics of medium-and large-sized gas fields and large geological units, it is proposed that the superimposition relationship between single or multiple geological units and the present structure controls the distribution of medium-and large-sized gas fields, and the "three paleo" superimposed area is the most advantageous. According to the above rules, the main exploration fields and directions of medium-and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in Sichuan Basin include periphery of Deyang-Anyue paleo-rift, eastern margin of Longmenshan paleo-rift, margins of Kaijiang-Liangping oceanic trough and Chengkou-western Hubei oceanic trough, the high part of the subaqueous paleo-uplifts around Central Sichuan, paleo erosion surfaces of the top boundary of Maokou Formation in eastern and southern Sichuan Basin, paleo erosion surfaces of the top boundary of the Leikoupo Formation in central and western Sichuan Basin.展开更多
文摘The lath-or plate-shaped bainitic ferrite of low and medium carbon alloy steels consists of packets of ferrite sublaths which are composed of many finer and regular ferrite blocks.They are uniform shear growth units of bainitic phase transformation.No carbide is precipitated from them.The bainitic O-carbides are precipitated from γ-α interface or carbon-rich austenite.The mode of arrangement of the units in ferrite sublath packet is in uni-or bi-di- rection.Single surface relief is produced by the accumulation of uniform shear strains with all the ferrite units arranged unidirectionally in a sublath packet,while tent-shaped surface relief is formed by the integration of the uniform shear strains of two groups with ferrite units piling up in two directions and growing face to face;whereas if they grow back to back,the integra- tion will be responsible for invert-tent-shaped surface relief.The interface trace between two groups of ferrite units in a sublath packet is shown as“midrib”.
文摘绝热压缩空气储能(adiabatic compressed air energy storage,A-CAES)系统通常采用恒容储气的方式储存空气,导致空气不能完全从储气装置内释放,存在能量储存密度低、单位储气成本高的问题。为此提出了基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统,通过借助外部工质的压力迫使空气完全从储气装置中释放。然而,采用变容储气的方式增加了储气装置复杂性和设备投资成本。因此,本文对基于工质CO_(2)相变的变容储气A-CAES系统进行了技术经济性分析,并与恒容储气A-CAES系统进行了对比。结果表明,基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统的能量储存密度为28.30 MJ/m^(3),比恒容储气A-CAES系统的储能密度提高了83.65%。采用变容储气的方式可以使储气装置的单位储气成本从49.17元/kg降低至36.59元/kg。在整个系统运行周期内,基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统的动态投资回收期和项目净现值分别为7.36 a和101427.85万元,比恒容储气A-CAES系统减少了1.45 a和增加了3831.74万元。基于工质相变的变容储气A-CAES系统具有较好的应用前景。
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05007004,2016ZX05004005)
文摘Based on the analysis of the basic characteristics of medium-and large-sized marine gas fields in Sichuan Basin, combined with the division of major reservoir forming geological units in the marine craton stage and their control on key hydrocarbon accumulation factors, the distribution law of medium-and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in the basin was examined and the exploration direction was pointed out. Through the analysis of the periodic stretching-uplifting background, it is concluded that five large scale paleo-rifts, three large scale paleo-uplifts, five large scale paleo erosion surfaces were formed in the marine craton stage of Sichuan Basin, and these geological units control the key reservoir forming factors of medium and large sized gas fields:(1) Large-scale paleo-rifts control the distribution of high-quality hydrocarbon generation centers.(2) The margin of large-scale paleo-rifts, high position of paleo-uplifts and paleo erosion surfaces control the distribution of high-quality reservoirs.(3) Large-scale paleo-rifts, paleo-uplifts, paleo erosion surfaces and present tectonic setting jointly control the formation of many types of large and medium-sized traps.(4) Natural gas accumulation is controlled by the inheritance evolution of traps in large geological units. Based on the comparative analysis of the distribution characteristics of medium-and large-sized gas fields and large geological units, it is proposed that the superimposition relationship between single or multiple geological units and the present structure controls the distribution of medium-and large-sized gas fields, and the "three paleo" superimposed area is the most advantageous. According to the above rules, the main exploration fields and directions of medium-and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in Sichuan Basin include periphery of Deyang-Anyue paleo-rift, eastern margin of Longmenshan paleo-rift, margins of Kaijiang-Liangping oceanic trough and Chengkou-western Hubei oceanic trough, the high part of the subaqueous paleo-uplifts around Central Sichuan, paleo erosion surfaces of the top boundary of Maokou Formation in eastern and southern Sichuan Basin, paleo erosion surfaces of the top boundary of the Leikoupo Formation in central and western Sichuan Basin.
