Exercise-with-melatonin therapy improves sleep disorder and motor dysfunction in a rat model of ischemic stroke

Exercise-with-melatonin therapy has complementary and synergistic effects on spinal cord injury and Alzheimer's disease,but its effect on stroke is still poorly understood.In this study,we established a rat model of ischemic stroke by occluding the middle cerebral artery for 60 minutes.We treated the rats with exercise and melatonin therapy for 7 consecutive days.Results showed that exercise-with-melatonin therapy significantly prolonged sleep duration in the model rats,increased delta power values,and regularized delta power rhythm.Additionally,exercise-with-melatonin therapy improved coordination,endurance,and grip strength,as well as learning and memory abilities.At the same time,it led to higher hippocampal CA1 neuron activity and postsynaptic density thickness and lower expression of glutamate receptor 2 than did exercise or melatonin therapy alone.These findings suggest that exercise-withmelatonin therapy can alleviate sleep disorder and motor dysfunction by increasing glutamate receptor 2 protein expression and regulating hippocampal CA1 synaptic plasticity.

Positive Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Visual Verbal Working Memory in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Background: Working memory is an executive function that plays an important role in many aspects of daily life, and its impairment in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects quality of life. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been a good target site for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) due to its intense involvement in working memory. In our 2018 study, tDCS improved visual-verbal working memory in healthy subjects. Objective: This study examines the effects of tDCS on ADHD patients, particularly on verbal working memory. Methods: We conducted an experiment involving verbal working memory of two modalities, visual and auditory, and a sustained attention task that could affect working memory in 9 ADHD patients. Active or sham tDCS was applied to the left DLPFC in a single-blind crossover design. Results: tDCS significantly improved the accuracy of visual-verbal working memory. In contrast, tDCS did not affect auditory-verbal working memory and sustained attention. Conclusion: tDCS to the left DLPFC improved visual-verbal working memory in ADHD patients, with important implications for potential ADHD treatments.

Agomelatine:a potential novel approach for the treatment of memory disorder in neurodegenerative disease

Agomelatine is a selective agonist of melatonin receptor 1A/melatonin receptor 1B(MT/MT)and antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptors.It is used clinically to treat major depressive episodes in adults.The pro-chronobiological activity of agomelatine reconstructs sleep-wake rhythms and normalizes circadian disturbances via its agonistic effect of melatonin receptor 1A/melatonin receptor 1B,which work simultaneously to counteract depression and anxiety disorder.Moreover,by antagonizing neocortical postsynaptic 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptors,agomelatine enhances the release of dopamine and noradrenaline in the prefrontal cortex,increases the activity of dopamine and noradrenaline,and thereby reduces depression and anxiety disorder.The combination of these two effects means that agomelatine exhibits a unique pharmacological role in the treatment of depression,anxiety,and disturbance of the circadian rhythm.Emotion and sleep are closely related to memory and cognitive function.Memory disorder is defined as any forms of memory abnormality,which is typically evident in a broad range of neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease.Memory impairment and cognitive impairment are common symptoms of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases.Therefore,whether agomelatine can improve memory and cognitive behaviors if used for alleviating depression and circadian-rhythm sleep disorders has become a research“hotspot”.This review presents the latest findings on the effects of agomelatine in the treatment of psychologic and circadian-rhythm sleep disorders in clinical trials and animal experiments.Our review evaluates recent studies on treatment of memory impairment and cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases.

Relationship of cerebral arterial stenosis to cognitive and memory disorders

BACKGROUND: Cerebral arterial stenosis can cause cerebral hypoperfusion, and than result in the decline of cognitive function, whereas the cognitive dysfunction induced by different cerebral arterial stenosis have different manifestations and types. OBJECTIVE: To observe the differences of cognitive and memory dysfunctions in patients with cerebral arterial stenosis of different types. DESIGN: A comparative observation. SETTING: Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two outpatients or inpatients with cerebral arterial stenosis were selected from the Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from February 2005 to January 2006, including 25 males and 17 females. There were 18 cases of internal carotid arterial stenosis, 14 cases of vertebrobasilar arterial stenosis and 10 cases of whole cerebral arterial stenosis. The diagnostic standards for cerebral arterial stenosis were identified according to North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET). Meanwhile, 18 healthy physical examinees were enrolled as the control group, including 10 males and 8 females, aged 58-80 years old. All the enrolled subjects were informed and agreed with the detection and evaluation. METHODS: ① The memory function was evaluated using revised Wechsler memory scale for adults, including long-term memory (experience, orientation and counting), short-term memory (visual recognition, picture memory, visual regeneration, association and thigmesthesia) and sensory memory (forward and backward recitation of numbers). The scale scores were turned to memory quotients. The higher the scores, the better the memory function. ② The cognitive function was evaluated using revised Wechsler adult intelligence scale: It consisted of eleven subtests, including six language scales (information, digit span, vocabulary, arithmetics, apprehension, similarity) and five operation scales (picture completion, picture arrangement, block design, geometric design, digit-symbol test). The intelligence quotients were obtained. The higher the scores, the better the cognitive function. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of memory and cognitive function test in patients with cerebral arterial stenosis of different types. RESULTS: All the 42 patients with cerebral artery stenosis and 11 healthy subjects were involved in the final analysis of results. ① Results of memory function test: The memory function was worse in the arterial stensis groups than in the control group (P < 0.05-0.01). There were very significant differences in the scores of orientation, association and picture memory between the internal carotid arterial stenosis group and control group (P < 0.01). There were also very significant differences in the scores of counting, logic memory, forward and backward recitation of numbers, visual regeneration, visual recognition and thigmesthesia between the vertebrobasilar arterial stenosis group and control group (P < 0.01). Except experience and visual regeneration, there were significant very differences in the scores of the other tests between the whole cerebral arterial stenosis group and control group (P < 0.01). The memory quotient was obviously lower in the vertebrobasilar arterial stenosis group than in the internal carotid arterial stenosis group [(72.31±26.46), (87.38±21.86) points, P < 0.05], and it was the lowest in the whole cerebral arterial stenosis group [(63.74±25.25) points]. ② Results of cognitive function test: The cognitive function was worse in the arterial stensis groups than in the control group (P < 0.05-0.01). There were very significant differences in the scores of apprehension, arithmetics, similarity, digit-symbol test, picture completion and block design between the internal carotid arterial stenosis group and control group (P < 0.01). There were also very significant differences in the scores of backward recitation of numbers, vocabulary and geometric design between the vertebrobasilar arterial stenosis group and control group (P < 0.01). Except information, there were significant very differences in the scores of the other tests between the whole cerebral arterial stenosis group and control group (P < 0.01). The intelligence quotient was obviously lower in the internal carotid arterial stenosis group than in the vertebrobasilar arterial stenosis group [(72.65±23.39), (81.34±25.46) points, P < 0.05], and it was the lowest in the whole cerebral arterial stenosis group [(65.98±27.34) points]. CONCLUSION: Different cerebral arterial stenosis can induce different cognitive dysfunctions. The main manifestation of the patients with internal carotid arterial stenosis was the declined cognitive function, and that in patients with vertebrobasilar arterial stenosis was the declined memory, and the decrease of total intelligence was more obvious in the formers than in the latters, whereas the decrease of total memory quotient was more obvious in the patients with vertebrobasilar arterial stenosis; The cognitive and memory dysfunction were the most serious in patients with whole cerebral arterial stenosis.

Correlations between Event-related Potentials with Pictures Recognition and WMS-RC Scores in Patients with Memory Disorder Caused by Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

This study explored the possibility of using event-related potentials （ERP） for the measurement of picture-recognition memory and examined its correlation with the Chinese Wechsler Memory Scale-revised （WMS-RC） in patients with memory disorder caused by severe traumatic brain injury （sTBI）. The subjects included 20 sTBI patients with memory disorder and 22 healthy individuals. Memory function was measured by using WMS-RC. Behavioral and ERP responses were recorded on-line during performance on a battery of picture recognition and the responses were analyzed off-line for recognition memory effects. Mean memory quotient （MQ） of patients with sTBI was significantly lower than that of the control group. Mean reaction time （RT） was significantly longer and the mean correctness rate （CR） of picture recognition was significantly lower in sTBI group than that of the controls. In controls, the main components of average ERP of picture recognition includes two positive-going waves, designated as P170 and P500, that appear 170 ms and 500 ms after stimulation when the subject could later successfully recall and recognize the pictures. P500 amplitude of target stimulus was significantly higher than that of non-target stimulus. Compared to controls, P500 responses of sTBI group were significantly delayed in latency （P〈0.001） and lower in amplitude （P〈0.001）. P500 latency showed significant negative correlation with MQ and the scores of ＂addition＂, ＂visual recognition＂, ＂picture recall＂, ＂visual reproduction＂ and ＂tactile memory＂ in WMS-RC. ERP of picture recognition provides a neurophysiological approach to directly assess memory impairment, and P500 may serve as a helpful index for memory disorder caused by sTBI in forensic practice.

Anterior limb lesions in bilateral internal capsules and memory function in patients with refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder

BACKGROUND： Previous studies have shown that lesions in the anterior limb of the internal capsule contribute to obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder （OCD）. However, few reports have addressed the effects of lesions in the anterior limb of the internal capsule on cognition, learning, and memory functions in patients with refractory OCD. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the degree of damage to memory tasks in refractory OCD patients following lesions to the anterior limb of the internal capsule. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A case-controlled, observational study was performed at the Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, China from May 2007 to March 2008. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 10 refractory OCD patients were admitted to the Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, China from May 2007 to March 2008 and were recruited for this study. The OCD patients were of equal gender, with an average age of （25.1 ± 9.6） years. An additional 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled from a community of Shanghai City as controls; they were of equal gender and aged （25.1 ± 8.6） years. METHODS： A total of 10 refractory OCD patients were subjected to lesions in the anterior limbs of the bilateral internal capsules. Wechsler Memory Scale-Chinese Revision （WMS-CR, as a task of explicit memory） and the Nissen Version （serial reaction time task） software （SRTT, as a task of implicit memory） were applied to determine memory functions and learning performance in pre- and post-operative OCD patients and controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： WMS scores, reaction time in SRTT, and Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale scores were measured in pre- and post-operative OCD patients and controls. RESULTS： Compared to controls, the pre-operative OCD patients exhibited reduced memory task scores （P = 0.005）, whereas scores for reciting numbers of backwards digits were greater （P = 0.000）. Figure recall and associative memory were less in OCD patients at 1 week following surgery than in the pre-operative OCD patients （P = 0.042, P = 0.002, respectively）. Reaction time in implicit SRTT was significantly longer in pre-operative OCD patients compared with controls and post-operative OCD patients （P = 0.01, P = 0.03, respectively）. These results suggested ameliorated SRTT following neurosurgery. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale results revealed significantly improved OCD following lesions in the internal capsule （P = 0.04）. Some post-operative OCD patients suffered from deficits in short-term memory and implicit memory. CONCLUSION： Lesions in anterior limbs of bilateral internal capsules improve obsessive- compulsive symptoms and implicit memory in OCD patients, but result in aggravated short-term memory deficits.

Effect of Batroxobin on Expression of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule in Temporal Infarction Rats and Spatial Learning and Memory Disorder

The effect of Batroxobin expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in left temporal ischemic rats with spatial memory disorder was investigated by means of Morri's water maze and immunohistochemical methods. The results showed that the mean reaction time and distance of temporal ischemic rats for searching a goal were significantly longer than those of sham-operated rats and at the same time NCAM expression of left temporal ischemic region was significantly increased. However, the mean reaction time and distance of Batroxobin-treated rats were shorter and they used normal strategies more often and earlier than those of ischemic rats. The number of NCAM immune reactive cells of Batroxobin-treated rats was more than that of ischemic group. In conclusion, Batroxobin can improve spatial memory disorder of temporal ischemic rats and the regulation of the expression of NCAM is probably related to the neuroprotective mechanism.

Effects of Batroxobin on Spatial Learning and Memory Disorder of Rats with Temporal Ischemia and the Expression of HSP32 and HSP70

The effect of Batroxobin on spatial memory disorder of left temporal ischemic rats and the expression of HSP32 and HSP70 were investigated with Morri`s water maze and immunohistochemistry methods. The results showed that the mean reaction time and distance of temporal ischemic rats in searching a goal were significantly longer than those of the sham-operated rats and at the same time HSP32 and HSP70 expression of left temporal ischemic region in rats was significantly increased as compared with the sham-operated rats. However, the mean reaction time and distance of the Batroxobin-treated rats were shorter and they used normal strategies more often and earlier than those of ischemic rats. The number of HSP32 and HSP70 immune reactive cells of Batroxobin-treated rats was also less than that of the ischemic group. In conclusion, Batroxobin can improve spatial memory disorder of temporal ischemic rats; and the down-regulation of the expression of HSP32 and HSP70 is probably related to the attenuation of ischemic injury.

Effects of Yizhi Capsule (益智胶囊) on Learning and Memory Disorder and β-amyloid Peptide Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats

To explore the effects of Yizhi Capsule （益智胶囊, YZC） on learning and memory disorder and β-amyloid peptide induced neurotoxicity in rats. Methods： Various doses of YZC were administered to Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats for 8 consecutive days, twice a day. On the 8th day of the experiment, scopolamine hydrobromide was intraperitoneally injected to every rat and Morris water maze test and shuttle dark avoidance test were carried out respectively to explore the changes of learning and memory capacities in the rats. Resides, after the cerebral cortical neurons of newborn SD rats aged within 3 days were cultured in vitro for 7 days, drug serum containing YZC was added to the cultured neurons before or after β amyloid peptide25-35 （Aβ25-35） intoxication to observe the protective effect of YZC on neurotoxicity by MTT assay and to determine the LDH content in the supernatant. Results： Compared with those untreated with YZC, the rats having received YZC treatment got superiority in shorter time of platform seeking in Morris water maze test, as well as elongated latent period and less times of error in shuttle dark avoidance test. On the cultured neurons, YZC drug serum could effectively increase the survival rate of Aβ25-35 intoxicated neurons and reduce the LDH contents in cultured supernatant. Conclusion： YZC has an action of improving learning and memory disorder, and good protective effect on Aβ25-35 induced neurotoxicity in SD rats. KEY WORDS

Protective effect and its mechanism of codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide on memory consolidation disorder induced by cycloheximide in mice

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of Codonopsis Pilosula Polysaccharide(CPPS)on improving of the memory consolidation disorder induced by Cycloheximide and its possible mechanisms in mice.METHODS The mice was divided into five groups,as normal control group,cycloheximid model group,piracetam positive control group,CPPS 300 mg·kg^(-1) group,and CPPS150 mg·kg^(-1) group.The mice respectively were given saline,piracetam,and CPPS for 15 d.The memory consolidation disorder model in mice was established by ip.Cyclohexylamine,and orally administered CPPS(300 mg·kg^(-1) or 150 mg·kg^(-1))every day.Then experimental groups were subjected Morris Water Maze test.Western blotting analysis were used to analysis the expression of Ca MKⅡ/CREB signaling pathways.RESULTS Morris water maze experiment showed that cyclohexylamine can cause memory consolidation disorder(P<0.01),and giving piracetam and CPPS(300 mg·kg-1)can improve spatial memory impairment in mice(P<0.05,P<0.01).Western blotting experiment results show that compared with normal control group,Ca MKⅡand CREB contents of brain in model group mice had significant decreased(P<0.001);Compared with model group,Ca MKⅡand CREB contents of brain tissue in piracetam and CPPS groups increased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Cycloheximide can induce the memory consolidation disorder,and its effect in mice related to Ca MK/CREB signaling pathways.CPPS can improved this memory disorder by influence Ca MKⅡ/CREB signaling pathways.

Verbal Short-Term Memory as Language Predictor in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Verbal short-term memory (vSTM) has been shown to be associated with language development in typical and atypical populations. In this study, we investigated cognitive and language skills in 33 school-aged children with ASD (6 - 12 years old) with both typical and low levels of intelligence (18 with typical non-verbal IQ [>80 in Raven] and 15 with low non-verbal IQ [p p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that expressive vocabulary was predicted by non-verbal IQ and vSTM, syntactic production was predicted by vSTM and picture comprehension was predicted by non-verbal IQ. Conversely, expressive vocabulary could predict non-verbal IQ, vSTM, immediate visual memory, delayed visual memory, and visual information recall. It seems that vSTM is a strong predictor of language skills for children with ASD, just like it is for other typical and atypical populations. Finally, dissociations exist in individual performances between non-verbal IQ and memory on the one hand and language skills (expressive vocabulary, syntactic production) on the other hand. We discuss the significance of these findings in terms of previous results reported in ASD literature as well as in terms of clinical implications and intervention in ASD individuals.

A Review of Stressors as Inducer for Personality Disorders and Anxiety Disorders

Personality Disorders(PDs)and Anxiety Disorders(ADs)are common mental disorders.PDs are often more or less related to anxiety and ADs are affected by Personality Functioning(PF).To clarify the pathology of both ADs and PDs,along with their similarities and differences,the literature review by paired keywords search on NCBI PubMed and subsequent analysis are used.The findings support that abnormal stressors can damage the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal(HPA)axis time by time throughout life through the epigenetic pathway,lowering down the ability of the stress system to deal with stressors.Biological basis,like the genetic issue,for PDs,is important but after-born experience also matters a lot.Adjoint stressful long-term memory may largely affect normal personality formation,contributing to some kinds of PDs.It seems that early exposure to these stressors influences PDs more,compared to ADs.More researches are needed to explore the effect on ADs from later life stress.This study partially explained the process of ADs and PDs,linked them by abnormal stressors,and emphasized the importance of focusing on the effect of stressful long-term memory formation,which is psychological,and the HPA axis disability,which is biological,on patients having these diseases,reminds psychiatrist to treat disease at the source,to lower down the potential risk of getting PDs in patients who are diagnosed with ADs,to prevent arouse of ADs in patients who are diagnosed with PDs and to combine biological treatment with psychological therapies.

Effect of Batroxobin on Expression of C-Jun in Left Temporal Ischemic Rats with Spatial Learning and Memory Disorder

The effect of Batroxobin on expression of c-Jun in left temporal ischemic rats with spatial memory disorder was investigated by means of Morri's water maze and immunohistochemistry methods. The results showed that the mean reaction time and distance of temporal ischemic rats for searching a goal were significantly longer than those of sham-operated rats, and at the same time c-Jun expression of left temporal ischemic region was significantly increased. However, the mean reaction time and distance of Batroxobin-treated rats were shorter and they used normal strategies more often and earlier than those of ischemic rats. The number of c-Jun immune reactive cells of Batroxobin-treated rats was also less than that of ischemic group. In conclusion, Batroxobin can improve spatial memory disorder in temporal ischemic rats, and the down-regulation of the expression of c-Jun is probably related to the neuroprotective mechanism.

6~10岁注意缺陷多动障碍男童的执行功能发展特点

目的:探讨不同年龄段、不同亚型注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)男童的核心执行功能(抑制控制、工作记忆、认知灵活性)发展特点。方法:从北京市某三甲医院招募17名ADHD男童、北京市某公立小学1~4年级学生中筛查出48名ADHD男童。其中6~8岁41人,9~10岁24人,ADHD-PI型48人,ADHD-C型17人,募集年龄相差不超过半岁的正常发育男童65名为正常对照,分别采用Stroop色词测验(SCWT)、Rey复杂图形测验(ROCFT)、连线测验(TMT)评估被试儿童的抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性。结果:整体分析显示,6~10岁ADHD男童的SCWT、ROCFT、TMT测试结果均显著差于正常男童(P<0.05);不同年龄段分析显示,6~8岁ADHD男童在核心执行功能任务中的测试结果均差于正常男童(P<0.05);9~10岁ADHD男童仅SCWT和ROCFT的测试结果差于正常男童(P<0.05);不同亚型分析显示,ADHD-PI和ADHD-C型在核心执行功能任务中的测试结果均显著差于正常男童(P<0.05);且与ADHD-PI型相比,ADHD-C型的SCWT测试结果更差(P<0.05)。结论:6~10岁ADHD男童存在核心执行功能缺陷,且低年龄段ADHD男童的核心执行功能损害范围更广;ADHD-C型的抑制控制缺陷重于ADHD-PI型。

低剂量槟榔碱增强小鼠生理性记忆并改善记忆障碍

目的探索槟榔碱对小鼠生理性记忆及MK-801诱导后记忆障碍的影响。方法将24只小鼠随机均分成对照组、低剂量槟榔碱组和高剂量槟榔碱组,采用新颖物体识别测试(NOR)和物体位置识别测试(OLR)的辨别指数(DI)分析槟榔碱对小鼠生理性记忆的影响。另将32只小鼠随机均分成正常组、MK-801组、MK-801联合低剂量槟榔碱饮用组(L-ARE治疗组)、MK-801联合高剂量槟榔碱饮用组(H-ARE治疗组),采用NOR、OLR的DI分析槟榔碱对MK-801所致小鼠记忆障碍的影响。结果与对照组比较,低剂量槟榔碱组小鼠NOR、OLR的DI显著升高(P<0.05);但高剂量槟榔碱组与对照组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。与正常组比较,MK-801组NOR、OLR的DI降低(P<0.05);与MK-801组比较,L-ARE治疗组小鼠DI显著升高(P<0.05),H-ARE治疗组小鼠的DI亦有升高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论低剂量槟榔碱能够增强小鼠生理性记忆并且改善记忆障碍。

从“脾主升清”探讨瓦伯格效应在学习记忆障碍中的作用

学习记忆障碍病位主要在脑,与脾、心、肾、肝功能失调密切相关,尤其是脾,其居中土,主管气机升降,斡旋一身之气血以濡养脑窍。本文通过论述“脾主升清”的生理功能,探讨其在学习记忆障碍中的作用。瓦伯格效应以快速高效的方式产生能量以维持大脑正常功能,与中医脾主升清的功能在一定程度上相契合。因此,以“脾主升清”立论,探讨学习记忆障碍的病理基础,并从中西医方面阐述瓦伯格效应紊乱是本病的重要特征,有助于深入探讨助脾升清法治疗学习记忆障碍的作用,为该病中医治疗提供新思路。

3~6岁ASD儿童基于事件前瞻记忆的损伤:执行功能的作用

为了解3~6岁自闭症儿童基于事件前瞻记忆能力的发展特点和损伤机制,本研究采用实验室前瞻记忆范式,比较了自闭症儿童与正常儿童基于事件的前瞻记忆和执行功能表现。结果显示,相比于正常儿童,自闭症儿童基于事件前瞻记忆表现存在明显缺陷。而且,自闭症儿童基于事件的前瞻记忆受损与其执行功能障碍有相关,自闭症儿童抑制控制能力的发展显著预测其基于事件的前瞻记忆能力。

睡眠节律紊乱与焦虑症状对更年期女性记忆能力的影响及其交互作用

目的探究睡眠节律紊乱与焦虑症状对更年期女性记忆能力的影响及其交互作用。方法选取282例更年期女性患者作为研究对象,依据是否存在记忆减退分为减退组(n=97)和未减退组(n=185)。通过Logistic回归分析睡眠情况和焦虑情况与更年期女性记忆能力的关系,并分析二者的交互作用。结果两组在年龄、居住状况、受教育水平、高血压、家庭支持、体育锻炼、社交活动、E2方面比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。减退组平均睡眠时长、社会时差、日间过度嗜睡程度、焦虑总分均高于未减退组(P<0.05)。回归分析结果显示,家庭支持、体育锻炼、社交活动、E2、平均睡眠时长≥9 h、社会时差≥1 h、日间嗜睡、焦虑总分均是更年期女性记忆能力的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。交互作用分析结果显示,睡睡眠节律紊乱情况与中、重度焦虑有正交互作用。结论睡眠节律紊乱与焦虑症状是更年期女性记忆能力的危险因素,二者之间存在正向交互作用,随着睡眠紊乱与焦虑症状的加重,更年期女性记忆能力减退更为显著。

不同强度运动改善PTSD小鼠恐惧记忆泛化及促海马神经再生效应研究

目的:探讨不同强度运动缓解创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)恐惧记忆泛化的作用及促海马神经再生中枢调控机制。方法:采用随机数字法将雄性C57 BL/6J小鼠分为对照(control)组、PTSD建模(PTSD)组、建模后高强度运动(PTSD-High)组和建模后低强度运动(PTSD-Low)组。采用条件性足部电击(CF)和单次-持续应激(SPS)相结合的方法,构建PTSD复合应激模型。利用条件性恐惧实验测试小鼠对恐惧记忆相似情境的辨别能力,评估小鼠恐惧记忆泛化程度,通过免疫荧光双标实验观察并量化小鼠海马DG区新生的未成熟神经元,使用ELISA测定血清脂联素的分泌水平。结果:(1)在条件性恐惧实验三个类似情境中,control组与PTSD-High组的不动时间均明显低于PTSD组。(2)免疫荧光双标染色图片显示,PTSD组小鼠海马DG区的新生神经元与未成熟神经元荧光信号降低,新生未成熟神经元纤维短而少。统计表明,与PTSD组相比,control、PTSD-High和PTSD-Low组小鼠新生未成熟神经元的细胞密度和树突分支点及长度均明显升高。(3)ELISA结果显示,control和PTSD-High组小鼠血清中脂联素水平均明显高于PTSD组和PTSD-Low组。结论:PTSD小鼠恐惧记忆泛化与海马神经再生水平下降有关。运动可能通过促进脂联素的分泌、促进海马神经再生改善恐惧记忆泛化。不同强度运动对比发现高强度运动改善效果更好。

老年认知症长期照护模式的研究进展

总结国内外老年认知症人群在居家、社区和机构长期照护模式的现状。居家照护模式包括认知症照顾者支持小组、认知障碍家庭支持中心;社区长期照护模式包括认知障碍友好社区、共享住房安排;机构长期照护模式包括记忆门诊、认知障碍照护单元、日间照料中心及绿色照护农场等。提出应开展认知症信息化管理,培养更多认知症专业照护人才,提升我国认知症长期照护质量。