Objective:This study examined patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)as a means to explore the impacts of chronic disease on life courses.Methods:A semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with nine ...Objective:This study examined patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)as a means to explore the impacts of chronic disease on life courses.Methods:A semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with nine patients in China in 2017;participants were included based on their having or having had facial butterfly erythema.Results:The study focused on both the disease's impact on the patients'health and on their daily lives.Four core themes emerged:visible changes in the patient's bodies,social dilemmas,"the encouragement of disease",and a new perspective on the relationship between disease and health.One important finding was that the occurrence of a chronic disease did not have only negative repercussions;some patients felt that there were advantages to being sick.Chronic disease resulted in a reworking of daily life.The patients developed a self-referential model of healing.Conclusion:The distinct interpretations of the same disease offered by different patients served to yield a more complete understanding of the disease.People with SLE adjust their thinking about the disease based on personal feelings as well as experiences and pursue a dialogue on their illness based on the disease pattern unique to them.The meaning that disease had for the patients was not limited to negative connotations.展开更多
Within the context of the computer metaphor,evoked brain activity acts as a primary carrier for the brain mechanisms of mental processing.However,many studies have found that evoked brain activity is not the major par...Within the context of the computer metaphor,evoked brain activity acts as a primary carrier for the brain mechanisms of mental processing.However,many studies have found that evoked brain activity is not the major part of brain activity.Instead,spontaneous brain activity exhibits greater intensity and coevolves with evoked brain activity through continuous interaction.Spontaneous and evoked brain activities are similar but not identical.They are not separate parts,but always dynamically interact with each other.Therefore,the enactive cognition theory further states that the brain is characterized by unified and active patterns of activity.The brain adjusts its activity pattern by minimizing the error between expectation and stimulation,adapting to the ever-changing environment.Therefore,the dynamic regulation of brain activity in response to task situations is the core brain mechanism of mental processing.Beyond the evoked brain activity and spontaneous brain activity,the enactive brain activity provides a novel framework to completely describe brain activities during mental processing.It is necessary for upcoming researchers to introduce innovative indicators and paradigms for investigating enactive brain activity during mental processing.展开更多
In this paper we consider the problem of sequential processing and present a sequen-tial model based on the back-propagation algorithm. This model is intended to deal with intrinsically sequential problems, such as wo...In this paper we consider the problem of sequential processing and present a sequen-tial model based on the back-propagation algorithm. This model is intended to deal with intrinsically sequential problems, such as word recognition, speech recognition,natural language understanding. This model can be used to train a network to learn the sequence of input patterns, in a fixed order or a random order. Besides, this mod-el is open- and partial-associative, characterized as 'recognizing while accumulating',which, as we argue, is mental cognition process oriented.展开更多
文摘Objective:This study examined patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)as a means to explore the impacts of chronic disease on life courses.Methods:A semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with nine patients in China in 2017;participants were included based on their having or having had facial butterfly erythema.Results:The study focused on both the disease's impact on the patients'health and on their daily lives.Four core themes emerged:visible changes in the patient's bodies,social dilemmas,"the encouragement of disease",and a new perspective on the relationship between disease and health.One important finding was that the occurrence of a chronic disease did not have only negative repercussions;some patients felt that there were advantages to being sick.Chronic disease resulted in a reworking of daily life.The patients developed a self-referential model of healing.Conclusion:The distinct interpretations of the same disease offered by different patients served to yield a more complete understanding of the disease.People with SLE adjust their thinking about the disease based on personal feelings as well as experiences and pursue a dialogue on their illness based on the disease pattern unique to them.The meaning that disease had for the patients was not limited to negative connotations.
基金supported by the National Social Science Found of China (No.BBA200030).
文摘Within the context of the computer metaphor,evoked brain activity acts as a primary carrier for the brain mechanisms of mental processing.However,many studies have found that evoked brain activity is not the major part of brain activity.Instead,spontaneous brain activity exhibits greater intensity and coevolves with evoked brain activity through continuous interaction.Spontaneous and evoked brain activities are similar but not identical.They are not separate parts,but always dynamically interact with each other.Therefore,the enactive cognition theory further states that the brain is characterized by unified and active patterns of activity.The brain adjusts its activity pattern by minimizing the error between expectation and stimulation,adapting to the ever-changing environment.Therefore,the dynamic regulation of brain activity in response to task situations is the core brain mechanism of mental processing.Beyond the evoked brain activity and spontaneous brain activity,the enactive brain activity provides a novel framework to completely describe brain activities during mental processing.It is necessary for upcoming researchers to introduce innovative indicators and paradigms for investigating enactive brain activity during mental processing.
文摘In this paper we consider the problem of sequential processing and present a sequen-tial model based on the back-propagation algorithm. This model is intended to deal with intrinsically sequential problems, such as word recognition, speech recognition,natural language understanding. This model can be used to train a network to learn the sequence of input patterns, in a fixed order or a random order. Besides, this mod-el is open- and partial-associative, characterized as 'recognizing while accumulating',which, as we argue, is mental cognition process oriented.
