Based on the Advantages of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy, the Multiple Exploration of the Correlation between the Meridians and the Circulatory System of the Nervous System

The meridians,nervous system,and circulatory system are important components of tra‐ditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine.The meridians have a high degree of consistency with the distribution of the nervous and circulatory systems in modern medi‐cine,and are closely related in the process of disease treatment.Therefore,people often confuse the three.Based on the great advantages of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of nervous system and circulatory system diseases,the author has made diver‐sified exploration on its relevance in terms of origin,physiological anatomy,physiological function and clinical application.It is believed that meridians have their relative indepen‐dence,and the nervous and circulatory systems cannot completely replace meridians.However,meridians are closely related to the nervous and circulatory systems,and in clinical practice,meridians can be combined with the nervous and circulatory systems to guide the treatment of diseases.

Effect of electroacupuncture at pericardium meridian on D‑ser and NMDAR in acute phase of MCAO rats

Objective :To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at pericardium meridian on neurological deficit, D-serine ( D-Ser ) content and NMDAR expression in ischemic brain tissue of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO ). Methods:A total of 36 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, sham operation group, model group, EA pericardium meridian group, model+D-Ser group,and EA pericardium meridian+D-Ser group. The MCAO model was prepared by Zea Longa method. The model+D-Ser group and the EA pericardium meridian+D-Ser group were given exogenous D-Ser reagent(160 mg/kg i.p.) 30 minutes after the success of the insertion of the suture. EA pericardium meridian group and EA pericardium meridian+D-Ser group were treated with electroacupuncture for 30 min on the next day. The remaining groups were only bound for 30 min.Behavioral evaluation was performed at 6 h after successful modeling and 2 d after intervention, and then the rats were sacrificed. The content of D-Ser in ischemic brain tissue was measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and the protein expression of NR1, NR2A and NR2B was detected by Western Blot. Results : Before treatment, compared with the normal group and the sham operation group, the behavioral scores of each group increased after modeling (P<0.05 );Compared with the model group, the behavioral scores of the model+D-Ser group and the EA pericardium meridian+D-Ser group were increased (P<0.05).After treatment, compared with the model group, there was no significant difference in the EA pericardium meridian group (P>0.05),The behavioral scores of the model+D-Ser group and the EA pericardium meridian+D-Ser group were still increased (P<0.05);Compared with the model+D-Ser group, the behavioral score of the EA pericardium meridian+D-Ser group was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Comparison before and after treatment in the group,except for the normal group and the sham operation group, the behavioral scores of each group were slightly increased, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Compared with the model group, the content of D-Ser and the protein expression of NR1, NR2A and NR2B in the brain tissue of the model+D-Ser group were significantly increased (P<0.05);The protein expression of NR1, NR2A and NR2B decreased in EA pericardium meridian group (P<0.05);Compared with the model+ D-Ser group, the D-Ser content and the protein expression of NR1, NR2A and NR2B in the EA pericardium meridian+D-Ser group were decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion : EA at pericardium meridian points can reduce the D-Ser content in brain tissue of rats with acute MCAO, regulate the decrease of NR1, NR2A and NR2B protein expression, inhibit the NMDA receptor activity, and play a neuroprotective role.

Clinical Observation on Treating Primary Blepharospasm with Acupuncture at Yinqiao and Yangqiao Meridians as Main Treatment Method

[Objectives]To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture on blepharospasm.[Methods]72 patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group with 36 cases in each group.In the treatment group,Shenmai,Zhaohai,Fengchi,Taichong,Fuyang,Jiaoxin and Jingming were selected as the main acupoints,while in the control group,routine acupoints were selected.With 4 weeks as a course of treatment,the two groups were compared after a course of treatment.The clinical effect of primary blepharospasm,blepharospasm intensity and scores of Hamilton Depression Scale were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.[Results]After treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups were significantly improved compared with that before treatment,the effective rate of the control group was 75.00%,the effective rate of the treatment group was 88.89%,indicating that the effective rate of control group was lower than that of the treatment group(P<0.05);after treatment,the degree of blepharospasm in both groups was significantly lower than that before treatment(P<0.05),and the treatment group had better effect in improving primary blepharospasm;the score of Hamilton depression scale in control group was lower than that in observation group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The clinical curative effect of acupuncture at Yinqiao and Yangqiao meridians was better than that of conventional acupoints selected in relieving mild and moderate blepharospasm;it could definitely reduce the intensity of blepharospasm and relieve anxiety and depression of patients,so it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Alpha稳态噪声下基于Meridian范数的全变分图像去噪算法

在实际应用中,噪声不可避免,因此,图像去噪一直是图像处理领域研究的重点,并且近年来受到越来越多的研究者的青睐。该文首先基于Meridian分布和全变分(Total Variational,TV)的统计特性,提出一种全变分模型来复原alpha稳态噪声环境下的含噪声图像。此外,为了保证模型解的唯一性,对提出的全变分模型添加了一个二次惩罚项,得到一个严格凸的全变分模型,然后,使用原始-对偶算法对提出的全变分模型进行求解,并证明了该算法的收敛性。最后,进行了仿真实验,并对实验结果进行了分析,实验结果验证了提出模型的可行性与有效性。

Formation mechanism of propagated sensation along the meridians,as verified by cortical somatosensory-evoked potential topographic maps

The peripheral driver stimulating theory states that as a driver passes along a certain meridian during acupuncture; the driver provokes nerve sense devices along the meridian, resulting in the nerve impulse entering the central nervous system. Accordingly, volunteers have reported propagated sensations along the meridians （PSM）. The present study was designed to utilize a cortical somatosensory-evoked potential （CSEP） topographic map for determining whether stimulation expansion occurs in somatosensory area I when sensation was provoked in individuals with obvious PSM. The sensation was blocked by mechanical compression, and the sensation was imitated in individuals without PSM. Results revealed a red, high-potential signal in the representative area of the lower limbs in individuals with obvious PSM symptoms when the Gall Bladder Meridian （GBM） sensation passed to the head and face. This representative area was near the middle line of the CSEP topographic map, and a red, high-potential signal, which jumps over the representative area of the upper limbs, also appeared in the representative face area, which was at the external region of the CSEP topographic map. However, in individuals exhibiting no PSM, only a red high-potential signal appeared in the representative lower limb area. When Hegu （LI 4） was stimulated in individuals without PSM, an obvious evoked response appeared only in the representative upper limb area. However, when Hegu was stimulated in individuals exhibiting PSM, the response area was larger in the representative upper limb area and extended to the representative face area. When Guangrning （GB 37） was stimulated in PSM individuals, the face representation response disappeared and was confined to a foot representation of the somatosensory area I when PSM was blocked by mechanical pressure. Results suggested that mechanical compression blocked PSM, and corresponding changes were exhibited in the CSEP topographic map. These results provide compelling evidence for the hypothesis that peripheral driver stimulation is the key element in producing PSM.

International Meridian Circle Program

The Earth is buffered from the ferocious onslaught of the solar wind by a thin layer of matter known as the atmosphere and geospace.This layer absorbs energy from irradiance and outburst from the Sun,as well as from disasters,transient phenomena and anthropogenic emissions originated from Earth.Through complicated physics,the absorbed energy changes the atmospheric and geospace state and sometimes gets re-released to power extreme events such as space weather.Taking place globally,these complicated processes cannot be understood unless they are studied globally.The Chinese scientists have proposed the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP)to meet this demand.By operating nearly 1000 instruments encompassing all latitudes along with the 120°E–60°W longitudes,IMCP aims,for the first time,to construct comprehensive 3D data representation of the atmosphere and geospace on a global scale and empower interdisciplinary research to tackle key questions related to Earth’s environment and climate change.

MERIDIAN图像分析系统的特点及在遥感图像产品制作中的应用

ＭＥＲＩＤＩＡＮＩＡＳ是加拿大ＭＤＡ公司开发的一套基子ＶＡＸ／ＶＭＳ环境下的图像分析系统。对该系统的硬件环境、一般特点、特殊的几个作业及系统在遥感图像产品制作中的应用作了介绍。

Progress of International Meridian Circle Program

Based on the Chinese Meridian Project(CMP),the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP)aims to coordinate the deployment of a comprehensive ground-based monitoring network along the 120°E-60°W Great Meridian Circle to track the propagation and evolution of space weather events from the Sun to the Earth,as well as the imprints of other major natural and anthropic hazards on the ionosphere,the middle and upper atmosphere.Currently,we have completed the IMCP headquarters building in Beijing and established the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather in cooperation with Brazil.Meanwhile,the Chinese Meridian Project PhaseⅡand different components of the IMCP observation system are under construction.

Discussion on Prevention and Treatment of Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis in Orthopedic Perioperative Period from Spleen and Stomach Meridians

Deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity is one of the common complications in orthopedic perioperative period.It is caused by many factors,such as peripheral vein dilation,slow blood flow;long-term immobilization,bed rest and so on.On the one hand,it affects the early postoperative functional exercise and functional recovery,on the other hand,it increases the length of hospital stay and economic burden,increases the pain of patients and even endangers their lives.Effective treatment of traditional Chinese medicine combined with western medicine can play a better role in the prevention and treatment of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.This study expounds the concept of spleen and stomach meridians in the prevention and treatment of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis,and puts forward some opinions on the dialectical treatment and daily conditioning of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis,hoping to provide ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in traditional Chinese medicine.

The existence of propagated sensation along the meridian proved by neuroelectrophysiology

Propagated sensation along the meridian can occur when acupoints are stimulated by acupuncture or electrical impulses. In this study, participants with notable propagated sensation along the me- ridian were given electro-acupuncture at the Jianyu （LI15） acupoint of the large intestine meridian. When participants stated that the sensation reached the back of their hand, reguJar nervous system action discharge was examined using a physiological recording electrode placed on the superficial branch of the radial nerve. The topographical maps of brain-evoked potential in the primary cortical somatosensory area were also detected. When Guangming （GB37） acupoint in the lower limb and Hegu （LI4） acupoint in the upper limb were stimulated, subjects without propagated sensation along the meridian exhibited a high potential reaction in the corresponding area of the brain cortical somatosensory area. For subjects with a notable propagated sensation along the meridian, the re- action area was larger and extended into the face representative area. These electrophysiological measures directly prove the existence of propagated sensation along the meridian, and the periph- eral stimulated site is consistent with the corresponding primary cortical somatosensory area, which presents a high potential reaction.

Introduction to Chinese Meridian Project-PhaseⅡ

The Chinese Meridian Project is a ground-based space environment monitoring network,which is constructed in two steps.The first step(Phase I)of the project consists of 15 observation stations located roughly along 120°E longitude and 30°N latitude.The second step(Phase II)of the project will additionally deploy 16 stations to better cover China’s territory,and build a stereo monitoring capability to monitor the cause and effect of the space weather chain in the solar terrestrial system.Based on the existing two monitoring chains in Phase I,two more chains will be established along 100°E longitude and 40°N latitude,respectively,forming a double-cross network configuration.After the two-step construction,the whole project will run nearly 300 instruments deployed at 31 stations.Aside from standard instruments,quite a few innovative and powerful instruments will be developed,such as radioheliographs with a very wide frequency band,a 3-station incoherent scattering radar to make a 3D measurement of the ionosphere,and a helium lidar to measure atmosphere density up to an altitude of 1000 km.

CLINICAL STUDIES ON CEREBRAL INFARCTION TREATED WITHACUPUNCTURE AT ACUPOINTS OF GOVERNOR MERIDIAN

In this paper, 148 cases of cerebral infarction were treated with acupuncture at acupoints of Governor meridian (treatment group), and the other 97 cases were treated simultaneously with conventional body acupuncture (control group). The results show that the marked improvement rate was 42. 6 % and the total effective rate was 96. 6 % in the treatment group; while in the control group, the marked improvement rate and the total effective rate were 28. 9 % and 89. 1 % respectively.It suggests that the therapeutic effect in the treatment group is better than that of the control group.The roles of regulation and ameliorating hemorheology of acupuncture at acupoints of Governor meridian are the foundation of its treatment mechanism.

CLINICAL STUDY ON ACUPUNCTURE IN THE TREATMENT OF POST-STROKE DEPRESSION WITH THE METHOD OF ACTIVATING THE DU MERIDIAN AND CLEARING THE MIND

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in the treatment of post-stroke depression (PSD) with the method of activating the Du Meridian and clearing the mind. Methods: Two hundred and thirty one cases of PSD were randomly divided into two groups, acupuncture and control groups. In acupuncture group, Baihui (百会 GV 20), Dazhui (大椎 GV 14), Neiguan (内关 PC 6), Taichong (太冲 LR 3) and Shenmen (神门 HT 7) were selected as the main points to invigorate flow of qi in the Du Meridian and clear the mind. Patients in the control group received Fluoxetine orally, 20 mg once per-day. In addition, the same routine treatments were given to both groups, strengthened with rehabilitation exercises as early as possible; 8 weeks constituted one therapeutic course. HAMD and severity of neuro-functional defect of each case were evaluated before and 8-week after the treatment. Results: The total effective rate of acupuncture group was 92.37%, the control group, 72.88%. According to χ2 test, the difference between the two groups was remarkably significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy of activating the Du Meridian and clearing the mind in the treatment of PSD was safe and effective.

Acupuncture at the San Jiao meridian affects brain stem tissue G protein content in a rat migraine model

BACKGROUND： G protein is closely associated with vasomotion. Vasomotor dysfunction accompanies migraine attack. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of the San Jiao meridian acupuncture on G protein content in a rat migraine model. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The present randomized grouping, cellular and molecular biological level trial was performed at the Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University ＆ Key Laboratory for Tumor Proteomics of Ministry of Health between October 2003 and June 2004. MATERIALS： Forty healthy, male, Sprague Dawtey rats were included in this study. The G6805-2A electro-acupuncture apparatus was a product of Shanghai Huayi Medical Instrument Factory, China. Nitroglycerin was produced by Guangzhou Mingxing Pharmaceutical Factory, China. Antibodies against inhibitory and stimulatory G proteins were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company, USA. METHODS： All 40 rats were randomly and evenly divided into 4 groups. In the blank control group, the rats remained untouched. Rats from the normal control group were subcutaneously administered 2 mL/kg physiological saline. In the model group, migraine was induced with a subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg nitroglycerin （5 g/L）, and the rats received no further treatment. In the acupuncture-treated group, 30 minutes after migraine induction, acupuncture was performed at the bilateral Waiguan （SJ 5） and Yifeng （SJ 17） points, with an acupuncture depth of 1 mm. Electric-stimulation parameters of 20 Hz for low frequency, 40 Hz for high frequency, and 0.5-1.0 mA for current intensity were set. Ten acupuncture sessions were applied, with 20-minute low-frequency and 20-minute high-frequency stimulation and 3 seconds of interval time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Inhibitory and stimulatory G protein contents were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS： At 4 hours after migraine induction, compared with the blank control and normal control groups stimulatory G protein concentration was significantly increased, while inhibitory G protein levels were significantly decreased in the model group （P 〈 0.01 ）. In the acupuncture-treated group, both stimulatory and inhibitory G protein concentrations were significantly increased following acupuncture treatment （P 〈 0.01）, but stimulatory G protein levels were less and the inhibitory G protein concentrations were greater compared to the model group （P 〈 0.01 ）. There was no significant difference in stimulatory and inhibitory G protein levels between the blank control and normal control groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Dysfunctional G protein signal transductions in the rat brain stem may be responsible tor migraine attack. Acupuncture at the San Jiao meridian ameliorates migraines by mediating the G protein signal transduction pathway.

Mechanisms on Correlation between the Pericardium Meridian and Heart Effects of Electroacupuncture at Neiguan and Other Acupo

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Recent Development and Preliminary Results of Chinese Meridian Project

The Meridian Project is a ground-based network program to monitor solar-terrestrial space environment,which consists of a chain of 15 ground-based observatories located roughly along 120°E longitude and 30°N latitude.The Meridian project started in 2008,and its construction was completed by 2011.The integration and test phase of the Meridian Project conducted in 2011 demonstrated its observation capabilities as expected.The project will be in full operation in 2012. This report gives an overview of the recent development and preliminary results of the Meridian Project since 2010.

Recent Advances in Research of the Chinese Meridian Project

The Chinese Meridian Project is a ground-based space environment monitoring facility in China.The first phase of the project has been put into formal operation since 2012 after 4-year’s construction.It consists of 15 observatories located roughly along 120°E longitude and 30°N latitude,with each observatory equipped with multiple instruments to monitor space environment.Based on the huge observational data accumulated,significant scientific achievements have been made with more than 300 peer-reviewed journal papers published.In this report,scientific results from the past two years have been reviewed with topics covering fields of geomagnetic,atmosphere,ionosphere,and their responses to solar activities.The excellent achievements from the Phase I of Chinese Meridian Project lay a good foundation for Phase II,which has already been approved with the official kick-off of construction in November 2019.It will conceive an unprecedented contribution to global space weather community from China.

Effect of flapping‑meridians combined with thunder‑fire moxibustion on upper limb dysfunction after stroke

Objective:The objective of the study is to explore the effect of flapping‑meridians combined with thunder‑fire moxibustion in the treatment of upper limb dysfunction after stroke.Materials and Methods:This randomized,single‑blind,controlled trial included 140 patients with stroke.According to the random number table,the patients were divided into four groups:the control group(receiving conventional nursing alone),the intervention group 1(receiving conventional nursing combined with flapping‑meridians),the intervention group 2(receiving conventional nursing combined with thunder‑fire moxibustion),and the intervention group 3(receiving conventional nursing,flapping‑meridians,and thunder‑fire moxibustion).All four groups were intervened 4 weeks,6 days a week.The outcome indicators(Fugl‑Meyer Assessment of the upper extremity and body mass index of shoulder abduction,elbow extension,and wrist flexion)were assessed at the beginning and the end of treatment.Results:The effect of the intervention group 3 was better than that of the intervention group 2,intervention group 1,and control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The flapping‑meridians combined with thunder‑fire moxibustion can significantly improve the upper limb motor function and muscle strength of stroke patients with hemiplegia,and its effect is better than that of single treatment.

Construction Progress of Chinese Meridian Project PhaseⅡ

The Chinese Meridian Project(CMP)is the Space Environment Ground Based Comprehensive Monitoring Network of China,a national major science and technology infrastructure project.The CMP consists of the Space Environment Monitoring System,Data Communication System,and Science Application System.Its construction has been divided into two steps:the PhaseⅠwas from 2008 to 2012;the PhaseⅡstarted at the end of 2019,expected to be completed at the end of 2023.Beyond 2023,the CMP as a whole will be in operation to make observations.This report introduces the construction progress of CMP PhaseⅡin the past two years,covering the construction progress of both the Data Communication System and the Science Application System.As for the Space Environment Monitoring System,this report mainly gives an introduction to the construction progress of large-scale advanced monitoring equipment,such as,the solar radio telescope,interplanetary scintillation telescope,incoherent scatter radar,high frequency radar,MST radar,and large-aperture Helium Lidar.In addition,this paper presents the construction plan for the next two years and the future outlook as well.