We identify that the projected uncertainty of the pan-Arctic sea-ice concentration(SIC) is strongly coupled with the Eurasian circulation in the boreal winter(December–March; DJFM), based on a singular value decompos...We identify that the projected uncertainty of the pan-Arctic sea-ice concentration(SIC) is strongly coupled with the Eurasian circulation in the boreal winter(December–March; DJFM), based on a singular value decomposition(SVD) analysis of the forced response of 11 CMIP5 models. In the models showing a stronger sea-ice decline, the Polar cell becomes weaker and there is an anomalous increase in the sea level pressure(SLP) along 60°N, including the Urals–Siberia region and the Iceland low region. There is an accompanying weakening of both the midlatitude westerly winds and the Ferrell cell,where the SVD signals are also related to anomalous sea surface temperature warming in the midlatitude North Atlantic.In the Mediterranean region, the anomalous circulation response shows a decreasing SLP and increasing precipitation. The anomalous SLP responses over the Euro-Atlantic region project on to the negative North Atlantic Oscillation–like pattern.Altogether, pan-Arctic SIC decline could strongly impact the winter Eurasian climate, but we should be cautious about the causality of their linkage.展开更多
Using the mesoscale eddy trajectory atlas product derived from satellite altimeter data from 1993 to 2016,this study analyzes statistical characteristics and seasonal variability of mesoscale eddies in the Banda Sea o...Using the mesoscale eddy trajectory atlas product derived from satellite altimeter data from 1993 to 2016,this study analyzes statistical characteristics and seasonal variability of mesoscale eddies in the Banda Sea of the Indonesian seas.The results show that there were 147 mesoscale eddies that occurred in the Banda Sea,of which 137 eddies were locally generated and 10 originated from outside.The total numbers of cyclonic eddies(CEs,clockwise)and anticyclonic eddies(AEs,anticlockwise)are 76 and 71,respectively.Seasonally,the number of CEs(AEs)is twice larger than the number of AEs(CEs)in winter(summer).In winter,CEs are distributed in the southern and AEs in the northern basins,respectively,but the opposite thing occurs in summer,i.e.,the polarities of mesoscale eddies observed at the same location reverse seasonally.The mechanisms of polarity distribution reversal(PDR)of mesoscale eddies are examined with reanalysis data of ocean currents and winds.The results indicate that the basin-scale vorticity,wind stress curl,and the meridional shear of zonal current reverse seasonally,which are favorable to the PDR of mesoscale eddies.The possible generation mechanisms of mesoscale eddies include direct wind forcing,barotropic and baroclinic instabilities,of which the direct wind forcing should play the dominant role.展开更多
反距离加权内插法是一种普遍使用的电离层总电子含量(total electron content,TEC)内插方法,但其受站间距影响较大,大范围内插值所需站点数量较多。针对同经向分布下的站点,利用电离层在同经度分布下具有从高纬度到低纬度递减的特征,对...反距离加权内插法是一种普遍使用的电离层总电子含量(total electron content,TEC)内插方法,但其受站间距影响较大,大范围内插值所需站点数量较多。针对同经向分布下的站点,利用电离层在同经度分布下具有从高纬度到低纬度递减的特征,对电离层TEC进行经向多项式拟合并内插。经统计,插值偏差的均方根(root mean square,RMS)在3 TECU以内,满足定位过程中对电离层延迟估计的要求,同时该方法扩大了站间距,实现了大范围内实时TEC内插。展开更多
基金The work of HC,NK and NO was supported by grants from the European Research Council(ERC)project(Grant No.648982)Nord Forsk under the GREENICE(Grant No.61841)+3 种基金ARCPATH(Grant No.76654)projectsthe work of WZ was supported by grants from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(CityU 11335316 and 11305715)benefit from high performance computing grants(NOTUR2,project no.NN 9390KNORSTORE,NS9064K)
文摘We identify that the projected uncertainty of the pan-Arctic sea-ice concentration(SIC) is strongly coupled with the Eurasian circulation in the boreal winter(December–March; DJFM), based on a singular value decomposition(SVD) analysis of the forced response of 11 CMIP5 models. In the models showing a stronger sea-ice decline, the Polar cell becomes weaker and there is an anomalous increase in the sea level pressure(SLP) along 60°N, including the Urals–Siberia region and the Iceland low region. There is an accompanying weakening of both the midlatitude westerly winds and the Ferrell cell,where the SVD signals are also related to anomalous sea surface temperature warming in the midlatitude North Atlantic.In the Mediterranean region, the anomalous circulation response shows a decreasing SLP and increasing precipitation. The anomalous SLP responses over the Euro-Atlantic region project on to the negative North Atlantic Oscillation–like pattern.Altogether, pan-Arctic SIC decline could strongly impact the winter Eurasian climate, but we should be cautious about the causality of their linkage.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41776034the Special Project of Global Change and Air and Sea Interaction under contract Nos GASI-IPOVAI-01-02 and GASI-02-SCS-YGST2-02the Guangdong Province First-Class Discipline Plan under contract Nos CYL231419012 and 231819002
文摘Using the mesoscale eddy trajectory atlas product derived from satellite altimeter data from 1993 to 2016,this study analyzes statistical characteristics and seasonal variability of mesoscale eddies in the Banda Sea of the Indonesian seas.The results show that there were 147 mesoscale eddies that occurred in the Banda Sea,of which 137 eddies were locally generated and 10 originated from outside.The total numbers of cyclonic eddies(CEs,clockwise)and anticyclonic eddies(AEs,anticlockwise)are 76 and 71,respectively.Seasonally,the number of CEs(AEs)is twice larger than the number of AEs(CEs)in winter(summer).In winter,CEs are distributed in the southern and AEs in the northern basins,respectively,but the opposite thing occurs in summer,i.e.,the polarities of mesoscale eddies observed at the same location reverse seasonally.The mechanisms of polarity distribution reversal(PDR)of mesoscale eddies are examined with reanalysis data of ocean currents and winds.The results indicate that the basin-scale vorticity,wind stress curl,and the meridional shear of zonal current reverse seasonally,which are favorable to the PDR of mesoscale eddies.The possible generation mechanisms of mesoscale eddies include direct wind forcing,barotropic and baroclinic instabilities,of which the direct wind forcing should play the dominant role.
文摘反距离加权内插法是一种普遍使用的电离层总电子含量(total electron content,TEC)内插方法,但其受站间距影响较大,大范围内插值所需站点数量较多。针对同经向分布下的站点,利用电离层在同经度分布下具有从高纬度到低纬度递减的特征,对电离层TEC进行经向多项式拟合并内插。经统计,插值偏差的均方根(root mean square,RMS)在3 TECU以内,满足定位过程中对电离层延迟估计的要求,同时该方法扩大了站间距,实现了大范围内实时TEC内插。
