Deep-sowing is an important method for avoiding drought stress in crop species,including maize.Identifying candidate genes is the groundwork for investigating the molecular mechanism underlying maize deep-sowing toler...Deep-sowing is an important method for avoiding drought stress in crop species,including maize.Identifying candidate genes is the groundwork for investigating the molecular mechanism underlying maize deep-sowing tolerance.This study evaluated four traits(mesocotyl length at 10 and 20 cm planting depths and seedling emergence rate on days 6 and 12)related to deep-sowing tolerance using a large maize population containing 386 inbred lines genotyped with 0.5 million high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).The genomewide association study detected that 273 SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium(LD)with the genetic basis of maize deep-sowing tolerance.The RNA-sequencing analysis identified 1944 and 2098 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in two comparisons,which shared 281 DEGs.By comparing the genomic locations of the 273 SNPs with those of the 281 DEGs,we identified seven candidate genes,of which GRMZM2G119769 encoded a sucrose non-fermenting 1 kinase interactor-like protein.GRMZM2G119769 was selected as the candidate gene because its homologs in other plants were related to organ length,auxin,or light response.Candidate gene association mapping revealed that natural variations in GRMZM2G119769 were related to phenotypic variations in maize mesocotyl length.Gene expression of GRMZM2G119769 was higher in deep-sowing tolerant inbred lines.These results suggest that GRMZM2G119769 is the most likely candidate gene.This study provides information on the deep-sowing tolerance of maize germplasms and identifies candidate genes,which would be useful for further research on maize deep-sowing tolerance.展开更多
Locally adapted maize landraces, which are associated with Native American groups, were traditionally planted deeply, reportedly up to 45 cm deep. Crop resources such as these should be evaluated for possible use in f...Locally adapted maize landraces, which are associated with Native American groups, were traditionally planted deeply, reportedly up to 45 cm deep. Crop resources such as these should be evaluated for possible use in future sustainable farming practices. Cold temperatures often delay maize (Zea mays L.) planting in the Corn Belt, possibly reducing yield potential, and spring frost and hail can damage early plantings. If producers could plant deeper and earlier in the spring, the planting season period could be extended and the potential for frost damage reduced because the growing point would be insulated below the soil surface for a longer period of time. The emergence capabilities of eleven Native American landraces were evaluated at various planting depths and compared to one Corn Belt line, BSSS-53. Emergence from depths between 5 and 45 cm was evaluated in a growth chamber study. Seedling dry matter partitioning and morphological characteristics were also examined. A field study was then performed to further test those landraces that successfully emerged (≥ 75%) from the 25 cm depth in the growth chamber. Results indicate that some of the evaluated Native American landraces have a greater capacity to emerge from depth than BSSS-53. Emergence capacity was not related to initial seed weight. Mesocotyl elongation largely accounted for successful emergence from greater planting depths. The landraces partitioned relatively more dry matter to roots than shoots compared to BSSS-53. These results suggest that several of these Native American landraces may be useful for the development of maize varieties more tolerant to deep planting.展开更多
直播稻出苗难的问题是制约直播稻发展的重要因素之一,中胚轴的长度与直播稻大田出苗率和出苗质量密切相关。利用控制中胚轴伸长的基因培育长中胚轴品种是提高水稻直播稻出苗率和出苗质量的重要策略。为了挖掘长中胚轴水稻品种资源和鉴...直播稻出苗难的问题是制约直播稻发展的重要因素之一,中胚轴的长度与直播稻大田出苗率和出苗质量密切相关。利用控制中胚轴伸长的基因培育长中胚轴品种是提高水稻直播稻出苗率和出苗质量的重要策略。为了挖掘长中胚轴水稻品种资源和鉴定控制中胚轴长度的基因,本研究以来源广泛的203份水稻核心种质为研究材料,评价了不同类型品种芽期中胚轴长度表型变异,利用全基因组关联分析(genome wide association analysis,GWAS)定位了控制中胚轴长度的QTL,并预测相关候选基因。结果表明,不同亚群材料中胚轴长度表型变异丰富,6个亚群平均长度为AUS稻(AUS)>温带粳稻(TEJ)>中间型(ADMIX)>籼稻(IND)>热带粳稻(TRJ)>香稻(AROMATIC)。GWAS分析定位了21个中胚轴长度相关QTL,共48个显著关联的SNP(P<0.001),分别位于第1、2、3、4、5、6和10染色体上。预测获得其中5个QTL区间的6个候选基因,编码松弛细胞壁、细胞伸长因子、生长素诱导等蛋白。研究结果为进一步克隆水稻中胚轴长度调控基因和利用分子标记辅助选择培育适宜长度中胚轴直播稻品种提供科学依据。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0100903)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02-13)the Natural Science Fund of Liaoning Province,China(20170540806)。
文摘Deep-sowing is an important method for avoiding drought stress in crop species,including maize.Identifying candidate genes is the groundwork for investigating the molecular mechanism underlying maize deep-sowing tolerance.This study evaluated four traits(mesocotyl length at 10 and 20 cm planting depths and seedling emergence rate on days 6 and 12)related to deep-sowing tolerance using a large maize population containing 386 inbred lines genotyped with 0.5 million high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).The genomewide association study detected that 273 SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium(LD)with the genetic basis of maize deep-sowing tolerance.The RNA-sequencing analysis identified 1944 and 2098 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in two comparisons,which shared 281 DEGs.By comparing the genomic locations of the 273 SNPs with those of the 281 DEGs,we identified seven candidate genes,of which GRMZM2G119769 encoded a sucrose non-fermenting 1 kinase interactor-like protein.GRMZM2G119769 was selected as the candidate gene because its homologs in other plants were related to organ length,auxin,or light response.Candidate gene association mapping revealed that natural variations in GRMZM2G119769 were related to phenotypic variations in maize mesocotyl length.Gene expression of GRMZM2G119769 was higher in deep-sowing tolerant inbred lines.These results suggest that GRMZM2G119769 is the most likely candidate gene.This study provides information on the deep-sowing tolerance of maize germplasms and identifies candidate genes,which would be useful for further research on maize deep-sowing tolerance.
文摘Locally adapted maize landraces, which are associated with Native American groups, were traditionally planted deeply, reportedly up to 45 cm deep. Crop resources such as these should be evaluated for possible use in future sustainable farming practices. Cold temperatures often delay maize (Zea mays L.) planting in the Corn Belt, possibly reducing yield potential, and spring frost and hail can damage early plantings. If producers could plant deeper and earlier in the spring, the planting season period could be extended and the potential for frost damage reduced because the growing point would be insulated below the soil surface for a longer period of time. The emergence capabilities of eleven Native American landraces were evaluated at various planting depths and compared to one Corn Belt line, BSSS-53. Emergence from depths between 5 and 45 cm was evaluated in a growth chamber study. Seedling dry matter partitioning and morphological characteristics were also examined. A field study was then performed to further test those landraces that successfully emerged (≥ 75%) from the 25 cm depth in the growth chamber. Results indicate that some of the evaluated Native American landraces have a greater capacity to emerge from depth than BSSS-53. Emergence capacity was not related to initial seed weight. Mesocotyl elongation largely accounted for successful emergence from greater planting depths. The landraces partitioned relatively more dry matter to roots than shoots compared to BSSS-53. These results suggest that several of these Native American landraces may be useful for the development of maize varieties more tolerant to deep planting.
文摘直播稻出苗难的问题是制约直播稻发展的重要因素之一,中胚轴的长度与直播稻大田出苗率和出苗质量密切相关。利用控制中胚轴伸长的基因培育长中胚轴品种是提高水稻直播稻出苗率和出苗质量的重要策略。为了挖掘长中胚轴水稻品种资源和鉴定控制中胚轴长度的基因,本研究以来源广泛的203份水稻核心种质为研究材料,评价了不同类型品种芽期中胚轴长度表型变异,利用全基因组关联分析(genome wide association analysis,GWAS)定位了控制中胚轴长度的QTL,并预测相关候选基因。结果表明,不同亚群材料中胚轴长度表型变异丰富,6个亚群平均长度为AUS稻(AUS)>温带粳稻(TEJ)>中间型(ADMIX)>籼稻(IND)>热带粳稻(TRJ)>香稻(AROMATIC)。GWAS分析定位了21个中胚轴长度相关QTL,共48个显著关联的SNP(P<0.001),分别位于第1、2、3、4、5、6和10染色体上。预测获得其中5个QTL区间的6个候选基因,编码松弛细胞壁、细胞伸长因子、生长素诱导等蛋白。研究结果为进一步克隆水稻中胚轴长度调控基因和利用分子标记辅助选择培育适宜长度中胚轴直播稻品种提供科学依据。
