Effects of hormone replacement therapy on mood and sleep quality in menopausal women

BACKGROUND Hormone replacement therapy is an effective treatment strategy for the management of symptoms in naturally menopausal women.However,some patients report experiencing adverse effects.AIM To analyze the effects of hormone replacement therapy in menopausal female patients.METHODS A total of 152 menopausal female patients admitted to the Gynecology Department of the Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital between January 2021 and December 2023 were divided into the observation group(n=76,conventional treatment+hormone replacement therapy)and the control group(n=76,conventional treatment only)via random casting.The improvement observed in the following items were compared between the groups:Kupperman menopausal index(KMI),emotional state[The Positive and Negative Affect Scale(PANAS)],sleep quality[Self-Rating Scale of Sleep(SRSS)],treatment effectiveness,and treatment safety.RESULTS The modified KMI and SRSS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group after three rounds of treatment.The improvement in the PANAS score observed in the observation group was greater than that observed in the control group(P<0.05).The total treatment effectivity rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(86.84%vs 96.05%,χ2=4.121,P=0.042).The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the two groups was comparable(6.58%vs 9.21%,χ2=0.361,P=0.547).CONCLUSION Hormone replacement therapy effectively improved the clinical symptoms,actively channeled negative emotions,and improved the quality of sleep in menopausal patients,indicating its effectiveness and safety.

Vividly Colored Accessories and Mood Changes in Patients Undergoing Breast Surgery

Few studies have examined the impacts of color stimuli on perioperative mood and quality of recovery;thus, this randomized controlled trial aimed to assess impacts of vividly colored accessories on mood and quality of recovery after breast surgery. This single-center, single-blind randomized controlled trial included 36 participants (all aged ≥ 20 years) who were randomized into intervention (n = 19) and control groups (n = 17). The intervention group received vividly colored accessories. The primary and secondary study outcomes were patient mood, evaluated using a two-dimensional mood scale, and postoperative recovery, evaluated using Quality of Recovery-15, which were assessed on postoperative day 3. There were no statistical intergroup differences in the scores of the Two-Dimensional Mood Scale (11.2 [intervention group] vs. 10.4 [control group], P = 0.75) and Quality of Recovery-15 (126.8 [intervention group] vs. 129.3 [control group], P = 0.73). Thus, the use of vividly colored accessories by patients undergoing breast surgery was not found to affect patients’ mood and quality of recovery.

Hormone replacement therapy for menopausal mood swings and sleep quality:The current evidence

Marked alterations in the normal female hormonal milieu in the perimenopausal period significantly affect women’s health,leading to decreased well-being,psychological distress,and impaired quality of life.Common menopausal symp-toms include hot flashes,sleep and mood changes,fatigue,weight gain,and urogenital disturbances.Clinicians often neglect mood swings and disrupted sleep,although those can significantly limit the productivity of women and impair their cognitive function and mental health.Evidence-based management should include a personalized,holistic approach to alleviate symptoms and careful consideration of the risks vs benefits of hormone replacement therapy(HRT),with due consideration of personal preferences.A research paper in the recent issue of the World Journal of Psychiatry by Liu et al investigated the role of HRT in altering mood changes and impaired sleep quality in menopausal women,which helps us to understand the benefits of this treatment approach.

Research status of hormone replacement therapy on mood and sleep quality in menopausal women

Menopausal syndrome is a common disease of clinical women,which refers to a series of physical and mental symptoms caused by the fluctuation or reduction of sex hormones before and after menopause.Many of these patients have sleep and mood abnormalities that affect their health and quality of life.At present,the understanding of it is gradually improving.This paper mainly analyzes its back-ground and current treatment.

Color Expression and Mood Creation in Imagery Oil Painting

Oil painting is a traditional Western painting form.With the introduction of China and the influence of China’s traditional painting and aesthetics,the painting style became more distinctive,expanding a new development direction of oil painting,and thus imagery oil painting came into being.Color,as the most important element in imagery oil painting,mainly plays the role of mood creation and emotional expression.Many creators are good at injecting their thoughts and emotions into the paintings through color matching,so as to enhance the artistic expression of the paintings.This paper analyzes the color expression characteristics of imagery oil painting and explores the color expression techniques in imagery oil painting and mood creation of imagery oil painting from several aspects.

A Study on the Mental Space of Subjunctive Mood

Cognitive linguistics offers a novel approach to studying and elucidating language phenomena,with the theory of mental spaces being particularly adept at interpreting many“non-canonical”linguistic occurrences and providing a fresh cognitive framework.The subjunctive mood,one of the three primary moods in English,is integral to English grammar.Yet,it remains a contentious topic within the field,with a lack of consensus among different linguistic schools regarding this significant grammatical category.The substantial role of human cognition in the construction and interpretation of the subjunctive mood’s meaning has been infrequently explored.This paper,from a cognitive perspective,employs the theory of mental spaces to discuss the English subjunctive mood,addressing the questions of its theoretical foundation,the reasons for its use,and the methods of its application.

Effect of Internet+continuous midwifery service model on psychological mood and pregnancy outcomes for women with highrisk pregnancies

BACKGROUND There are many drawbacks to the traditional midwifery service management model,which can no longer meet the needs of the new era.The Internet+continuous midwifery service management model extends maternal management from prenatal to postpartum,in-hospital to out-of-hospital,and offline to online,thereby improving maternal and infant outcomes.Applying the Internet+continuous midwifery service management model to manage women with highrisk pregnancies(HRP)can improve their psycho-emotional opinion and,in turn,minimize the risk of adverse maternal and/or fetal outcomes.AIM To explore the effectiveness of a midwife-led Internet+continuous midwifery service model for women with HRP.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 439 women with HRP who underwent prenatal examination and delivered at Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital(affiliated to the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine)from April to December 2022.Among them,239 pregnant women underwent routine obstetric management,and 200 pregnant women underwent Internet+continuous midwifery service mode management.We used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory,Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale,and analysis of delivery outcomes to compare psychological mood and the incidence of adverse delivery outcomes between the two groups.RESULTS The data showed that in early pregnancy,the anxiety and depression levels of the two groups were similar;the levels gradually decreased as pregnancy progressed,and the decrease in the continuous group was more significant[31.00(29.00,34.00)vs 34.00(32.00,37.00),8.00(6.00,9.00)vs 12.00(10.00,13.00),P<0.05].The maternal self-efficacy level and strategy for weight gain management were better in the continuous group than in the traditional group,and the effective rate of midwifery service intervention in the continuous group was significantly higher than in the control group[267.50(242.25,284.75)vs 256.00(233.00,278.00),74.00(69.00,78.00)vs 71.00(63.00,78.00),P<0.05].The incidence of adverse delivery outcomes in pregnant women and newborns and fear of maternal childbirth were lower in the continuous group than in the traditional group,and nursing satisfaction was higher[10.50%vs 18.83%,8.50%vs 15.90%,24.00%vs 42.68%,89.50%vs 76.15%,P<0.05].CONCLUSION The Internet+continuous midwifery service model promotes innovation through integration and is of great significance for improving and promoting maternal and child health in HRP.

Investigation of Patients’ Mood on Their Distance from the Pharmacist during Medication Instruction

Background: Pharmacists must adjust their distance from patients to facilitate communication during interviews and gain their trust. The distance between the patients and the pharmacists varies depending on many factors, such as gender, posture and the patients’ mood. Only a few of these papers have actually measured and validated distance with patients. In this study, we validated our method of assessing mood and measuring distance before beginning a survey with patients. Methods: We measured comfortable interpersonal distance among men and women using an ecological scenario, in which a pharmacist approaches the subject, and the subject is asked to stop the pharmacist at the distance he/she feel comfortable with. Five pharmacists and 33 subjects participated in the study. The Japanese version of the Brief Mood Questionnaire Checklists (BMC-J) was used to quantify the subject’s mood for the day, and then the distance from the pharmacist that the subjects considered comfortable was measured at the bedside. The relationship between the mood and distance obtained was examined. Results: The comfortable distance of subjects was influenced by gender, posture, and mood. The shortest distance was 94.7 ± 11.1 cm (mean ± SD), for the male subjects versus the female pharmacists in the sitting position. The distance of male subjects shorted when they had positive emotions and lengthened when they were worried. Female subjects maintained a long distance from both male and female pharmacists when they had positive emotions and a short distance when they were worried. Conclusion: Findings show that the distance changes depending on the subjects’ mood at the time of measurement. It was found that the present measurement method can be used to determine the psychological state of the patient and measure the comfort distance at that time, and can be used as a simple method to examine these relationships. Therefore, it is also considered a practical method for the next step, which is a clinical study on patients.

Association between depressive mood and body image and menopausal symptoms and sexual function in perimenopausal women

BACKGROUND Perimenopausal is the period when women's ovarian function begins to decline before and after menopause.During this period,women experience a series of mental state changes,such as decreased hormone levels,decreased libido,and even female sexual dysfunction(FSD)in severe cases,which reduces their quality of life.Factors affecting the occurrence of FSD include physiological and nonphysiological factors,among which physiological factors are uncontrollable.Therefore,it is particularly important to ascertain the related non-physiological factors that affect the occurrence of FSD for improving the quality of sexual life of perimenopausal women.AIM To investigate the mediating effect of depressive mood and body image on menopausal symptoms and sexual function in perimenopausal women.METHODS A total of 186 perimenopausal women were enrolled between January 2019 and January 2021 and divided into the FSD(134 cases)and control(52 cases)groups based on the presence and absence of FSD.Clinical data were compared between the two groups.FSD-related factors were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Body Image Scale(BIS),and Menopause Rating Scale(MRS)scores were compared among women with different FSD scores.The correlation of the MRS score with the BIS and HAMD scores and the mediating effect of the BIS and HAMD scores on the MRS score and female sexual function index(FSFI)were analyzed.RESULTS The HAMD and BIS scores were higher in the FSD group than in the control group,and the difference in monthly income between the two groups was statistically significant(all P<0.05).Monthly income of<2000 yuan[odds ratio(OR)=26.586,P=0.000],BIS score(OR=1.590,P=0.000),and HAMD score(OR=1.884,P=0.000)were independent risk factors for FSD.MRS scores were positively correlated with BIS and HAMD scores(r=0.358 and 0.244,P=0.000 and 0.001,respectively)and negatively correlated with FSFI scores(r=-0.433,P=0.000).Body image and depressive mood had partial mediating effects,accounting for 39.90%of the total effect.CONCLUSION Depression and body image play mediating roles between menopausal symptoms and sexual function in perimenopausal women.

A Study on the Different Levels of“Attention”in the Processing of English Subjunctive Mood by Chinese Learners

“Attention”is a very vital cognitive mechanism.Cognitive psychology considers“attention”as the focus of mental activity and consciousness on an object.People engage their senses and memory to actively process the object in front of them.Theories of second language acquisition suggest that a large amount of input is the basis for language acquisition.At the same time,what is actively noticed by the learner can be effectively internalized.Thus,“attention”is also a non-linguistic factor that plays a significant role in language acquisition.The subjunctive mood is a major challenge in the teaching of English grammar.Generally speaking,the verbs in a sentence are used to distinguish between subjunctive and declarative sentences.In this paper,experimental utterances were written based on previous research by using verbs that are easy to cause ambiguity and confusion,and then set up the reinforced and non-reinforced attention conditions with different levels of“attention”to investigate whether there are different results and effects on subjects’comprehension of sentences under different levels of“attention”conditions.Under the different levels of“attention”,the subjects were examined to see whether there were different results in comprehension of the sentences and the impact of the different levels of“attention”.It was found that subjects in the reinforced“attention”condition comprehended sentences better,answered questions faster,and answered questions more correctly than subjects in the non-reinforced condition.This study also shed some light on English second language grammar teaching.

Effects of health concept model-based detailed behavioral care on mood and quality of life in elderly patients with chronic heart failure

BACKGROUND With the intensification of social aging,the susceptibility of the elderly population to diseases has attracted increasing attention,especially chronic heart failure(CHF)that accounts for a large proportion of the elderly.AIM To evaluate the application value of health concept model-based detailed behavioral care in elderly patients with CHF.METHODS This study recruited 116 elderly CHF patients admitted from October 2018 to October 2020 and grouped them according to the nursing care that they received.The elderly patients who underwent health concept model-based detailed behavioral care were included in a study group(SG;n=62),and those who underwent routine detailed behavioral nursing intervention were included as a control group(CG;n=54).Patients’negative emotions(NEs),quality of life(QoL),and nutritional status were assessed using the self-rating anxiety/depression scale(SAS/SDS),the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire(MLHFQ),and the Modified Quantitative Subjective Global Assessment(MQSGA)of nutrition,respectively.Differences in rehabilitation efficiency,NEs,cardiac function(CF)indexes,nutritional status,QoL,and nursing satisfaction were comparatively analyzed.RESULTS A higher response rate was recorded in the SG vs the CG after intervention(P<0.05).After care,the left ventricular ejection fraction was higher while the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and left ventricular end systolic diameter were lower in the SG compared with the CG(P<0.05).The post-intervention SAS and SDS scores,as well as MQSGA and MLHFQ scores,were also lower in the SG(P<0.05).The SG was also superior to the CG in the overall nursing satisfaction rate(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Health concept model-based detailed behavioral care has high application value in the nursing care of elderly CHF patients,and it can not only effectively enhance rehabilitation efficiency,but also mitigate patients’NEs and improve their CF and QoL.

青少年心境障碍患者自杀未遂的影响因素分析

目的探讨青少年心境障碍(mood disorder,MD)患者伴有自杀未遂(suicide attempt,SA)的影响因素。方法采取横断面调查方式,招募2022年8月3日至2023年9月25日在首都医科大学附属北京安定医院儿童青少年病房住院的105例青少年MD患者纳入研究,并根据是否存在SA,分为SA组(n=41)和非SA组(n=64)。收集患者的一般人口学资料,采用抑郁症筛查量表(Patient Health Questionnare 9-item Scale,PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑问卷(Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale,GAD-7)、儿童期创伤问卷(Childhood Trauma Questinnaire,CTQ)、Barratt冲动性量表(Barratt Impulsiveness Scale,BIS-11)中文版进行临床症状评估,并采用χ2/t检验对上述因素进行差异性分析,随后对差异有统计学意义的因素采用多因素Logistic回归对SA的相关因素进行分析。结果SA的发生率为39%(41/105),其中女性为42.5%(37/87),男性为22.2%(4/18)。单因素分析结果显示,女性、母亲受教育程度低更容易出现SA(P均<0.05),SA组患者在PHQ-9总分、GAD-7总分、情感忽视及躯体忽视的比例均高于非SA组(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,焦虑(OR=1.246,95%CI:1.048~1.480,P=0.013)、母亲受教育程度低(OR=1.522,95%CI:1.040~2.229,P=0.031)是青少年MD患者伴有SA的危险因素。结论青少年MD患者SA发生率较高,伴有焦虑症状和母亲受教育程度低是发生SA的危险因素。

伴非自杀性自伤行为心境障碍青少年患者照顾者体验的质性研究

目的 了解伴非自杀性自伤(NSSI)行为心境障碍青少年患者照顾者的内心体验和感受。方法2022年9-11月,采用目的抽样方法选取北京回龙观医院收治的14例伴NSSI行为心境障碍青少年患者的照顾者作为研究对象。采用现象学研究方法,对其进行面对面半结构式深度访谈,运用Colaizzi七步分析法对访谈资料进行分析。结果 针对伴NSSI行为心境障碍青少年患者照顾者的内心体验和感受共提炼出5个主题:(1)多重负性情绪体验;(2)照顾负担重;(3)疾病照护能力匮乏;(4)个人及家庭成长;(5)渴望专业帮助。结论 医护人员需关注伴NSSI行为心境障碍青少年患者照顾者的负性情绪及心理负担,通过专业干预提高其对疾病的认知、改善其家庭功能,从而协助其预防和减少心境障碍青少年患者NSSI行为的发生率。

大动脉炎患者情绪障碍与炎症的相关性研究

目的:炎症在大动脉炎(Takayasu arteritis,TA)患者情绪障碍中的作用尚不明确,本研究旨在探索TA患者发生情绪障碍的炎症相关危险因素。方法:研究共纳入2021年1月至2021年12月,在北京安贞医院风湿免疫科明确诊断为TA的59例患者,根据是否存在情绪障碍分为两组:情绪障碍组(n=31)和无情绪障碍组(n=28)。通过单因素以及多因素Logistic回归分析确定各炎症因子与TA患者情绪障碍之间的关系。通过局部加权回归(Lowess)对多因素回归分析中有统计学意义的炎症因子绘制符合总趋势的曲线。结果:情绪障碍组TA患者WBC(P<0.001),中性粒细胞(P=0.021)、红细胞沉降率(P=0.029)、IL-6 (P<0.001)、IL-10 (P=0.024)及TNF-α(P<0.001)、干扰素γ(P=0.003)均显著升高。在多因素Logistic模型中,调整混杂因素后,IL-6(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.02~1.50,P=0.030)、IL-10(OR=3.12,95%CI:1.28~6.37,P=0.025)及TNF-α(OR=1.94,95%CI:1.03~3.66,P=0.040)和TA患者情绪障碍发生风险相关。Lowess曲线结果同Logistic回归分析一致:患者情绪障碍发生风险分别随着IL-6、IL-10、及TNF-α的升高而显著升高。结论:TA患者情绪障碍与炎症密切相关,IL-6、IL-10及TNF-α是其危险因素。

非接触式生理心理检测在长期模拟失重效应分析中的应用研究

目的在模拟失重生理效应场景下,构建基于面部视频的非接触式生理心理检测模型,探索长期模拟失重生理效应分析的非接触式心率和负性心境状态检测新方法。方法搭建可见光和热红外视频融合分析的非接触式生理心理数据采集系统,采集“地星二号”90 d头低位卧床实验中受试者生理心理相关数据,构建基于图卷积网络面部多区域特征融合的非接触式心率检测模型和考虑数据可靠性的非接触式负性心境状态检测模型,并以指夹式心率和POMS-SF量表为标签,验证模型的有效性。结果研究结果显示,非接触式心率检测模型的Bland-Altman图差值平均数为-1.26 bpm,且96.3%的误差值检测数据处于95%一致性区间内,模型检测的心率与指夹式心率有较高的一致性;非接触式负性心境状态检测模型对于紧张、压抑、愤怒、疲劳的检测准确率均超过0.85,且心率、AU06、眼部视线、头部姿态对心境状态检测的影响显著。结论非接触式生理心理检测方法不仅能够用于长期模拟失重的生理效应分析,还可为未来长期空间飞行的航天员在轨健康保障提供新途径。

东方色彩美学与西方色彩美学之异同

探究东方色彩美学与西方色彩美学之相同与差异,从东西方色彩独特的民族性审美观念和鲜明的象征性运用,阐释东西方色彩的共通之处。从色彩在东方的中国是视觉意象性在于色彩的“以象达意”“情景交融”和拟人化“生命”的三个层面,折射与阐释东西方色彩在民族思想、情感、审美倾向等方面存在的本质区别。

艾司西酞普兰联合焦点解决短程治疗对青少年抑郁患者负性情绪、认知功能的影响

目的分析艾司西酞普兰联合焦点解决短程治疗对青少年抑郁患者负性情绪、认知功能的影响。方法选取2021年12月至2023年6月在杭州市第七人民医院就诊的60例抑郁症青少年患者,根据随机数字表法分为观察组(30例)和对照组(30例)。对照组使用艾司西酞普兰治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合焦点解决短程治疗。对比两组患者的临床疗效、负性情绪、认知功能、不良反应。结果治疗后2~6周两组患者健康问卷评分均降低,观察组较对照组更优(均P<0.05);两组的汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分、广泛性焦虑自评量表评分均降低,观察组较对照组更低(均P<0.05);两组的精神状态评定量表评分均上升,观察组较对照组的认知功能更优(均P<0.05)。与对照组相比,观察组的不良反应总发生率更低(P<0.05)。结论艾司西酞普兰联合焦点解决短程治疗不仅可缓解青少年抑郁患者的焦虑和负面情绪,还能提高患者的认知功能,降低不良反应发生率,值得在临床推广应用。

童年期创伤和心理弹性与青少年非自杀性自伤关联性研究

目的探讨童年期创伤和心理弹性对青少年非自杀性自伤行为(non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI)的影响。方法纳入158例首发青少年心境障碍患者,根据有无NSSI行为,将其分为伴NSSI组(n=94)和不伴NSSI组(n=64)。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression scale,HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)、童年期创伤问卷(childhood trauma questionnaire,CTQ-SF)、心理弹性量表(Connor-Davidson resilience scale,CD-RISC)评估抑郁焦虑情绪、童年期创伤经历及心理弹性水平。结果伴NSSI组与不伴NSSI比较,发病年龄小[(16.17±1.67)岁vs.(16.73±1.37)岁],文化程度初中及以下(30.9%vs.15.6%)、留守经历(48.9%vs.29.7%)、学校欺凌(46.8%vs.25.0%)、自杀意念(85.1%vs.37.5%)、自杀未遂史(29.8%vs.6.3%)者更多,HAMD评分(27.99±5.94 vs.24.19±5.19)、HAMA评分(18.02±5.94 vs.15.45±4.99)、CTQ总分(48.43±15.40 vs.41.97±9.75)、情感虐待分值(12.77±6.06 vs.10.19±4.06)、情感忽视分值(11.40±5.34 vs.9.14±3.55)更高,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不伴NSSI组心理弹性总分(39.83±10.27 vs.28.66±12.75)、坚韧性(19.59±4.92 vs.12.28±6.47)、力量性(12.03±3.98 vs.9.99±4.67)、乐观性(8.98±2.97 vs.6.47±3.73)评分高于伴NSSI组(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,留守经历(OR=4.494,95%CI:1.192~16.940)、学校欺凌(OR=5.983,95%CI:1.329~26.945)、自杀意念(OR=13.225,95%CI:2.908~60.146)、自杀未遂史(OR=16.769,95%CI:1.845~152.379)、HAMD评分(OR=1.264,95%CI:1.046~1.626)、情感虐待(OR=1.327,95%CI:1.093~1.612)、坚韧性(OR=0.468,95%CI:0.266~0.823)与青少年心境障碍患者NSSI行为的关联有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论留守经历、校园欺凌、自杀意念及自杀未遂、情感虐待、抑郁程度、心理弹性可能与青少年心境障碍患者NSSI行为相关联。

治疗性沟通联合微信干预在喉内镜检查患者中的应用效果

目的观察治疗性沟通联合微信干预在喉内镜检查患者中的应用效果。方法选取喉内镜检查患者220例,将常规干预患者110例纳入对照组,行治疗性沟通联合微信干预患者110例纳入观察组,比较2组心境状态、依从性、患者满意度及不良反应。结果2组干预前心境状态中抑郁-沮丧、迷惑-混乱、疲乏-迟钝、愤怒-敌意、精力-活力、紧张-焦虑各项评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后观察组各项评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组复查、护理、治疗依从性评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组干预前沟通及健康教育、护理技术、护理态度、检查环境评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后观察组评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组出现不良反应2例(1.82%),少于对照组的9例(8.18%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论治疗性沟通联合微信干预用于喉内镜检查患者,可改善其心境状态及依从性,提升患者满意度,减少不良反应。

正念干预在阿尔茨海默病情绪障碍治疗中的应用进展

正念干预是一种注重非评判性、当下意识的注意力引导方式,旨在培养个体对当下的专注,而不对所感知的事物做评判,其在减轻阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者抑郁水平、改善认知功能和提高患者生活质量方面具有重要作用。本文重点阐述正念干预在AD情绪障碍中的干预措施及治疗效果,以期为我国AD情绪障碍的预防和治疗提供参考依据。