Paleoproterozoic Multistage Metamorphic Ages Registered in the Precambrian Basement Rocks at the Southeastern Margin of the North China Craton and Their Geological Implications

The Precambrian basement rocks in the Bengbu and neighboring areas, located at the southeastern margin of the North China Craton, occur as granulite terrains and xenoliths in the Mesozoic dioritic porphyry.

Numerical modeling of metamorphic core complex formation:Implications for the destruction of the North China Craton

Widespread magmatism, metamorphic core complexes(MCCs), and significant lithospheric thinning occurred during the Mesozoic in the North China Craton(NCC). It has been suggested that the coeval exhumation of MCCs with uniform northwest-southeast shear senses and magmatism probably resulted from a decratonization event during the retreat of the paleo-Pacific Plate. Here we used two-dimensional finite element thermomechanical numerical models to investigate critical parameters controlling the formation of MCCs under far-field extensional stress. We observed three end-member deformation modes: the MCC mode, the symmetric-dome mode, and the pure-shear mode. The MCC mode requires a Moho temperature of ≥700 ℃ and an extensional strain rate of ≥5 × 10^(-16)s^(-1), implying that the lithosphere had already thinned when the MCC was formed in the Mesozoic. Considering that the widespread MCCs have the same northwest-southeast extension direction in the NCC, we suggest that the MCCs are surface expressions of both large-scale extension and craton destruction and that rollback of the paleo-Pacific slab might be the common driving force.

Metamorphism of the northern Liaoning Complex:Implications for the tectonic evolution of Neoarchean basement of the Eastern Block,North China Craton

As one of the areas where typical late Archean crust is exposed in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton, the northern Laioning Complex consists principally of tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic （TTG） gneisses, massive granitoids and supracrustal rocks. The supracrustal rocks, named the Qingyuan Group, consist of interbedded amphibolite, hornblende granulite, biotite granulite and BIF. Petrological evidence indicates that the amphibolites experienced the early prograde （M1）, peak （M2） and post-peak （M3） metamorphism. The early prograde assemblage （M1） is preserved as mineral inclusions, represented by actinotite ＋ hornblende - plagioclase ＋ epidote ＋ quartz 4- sphene, within garnet porphyroblasts. The peak assemblage （M2） is indicated by garnet ＋ clinopyroxene ＋ hornblende ＋ plagioclase ＋ quartz ＋ ilmenite, which occur as major mineral phases in the rock. The post-peak assemblage （M3） is characterized by the garnet 4- quartz symplectite. The P-T pseudosections in the NCFMASHTO system constructed by using THERMOCALC define the P-T conditions of M1, M2 and M3 at 490-550 C＋（4.5 kbar, 780 810 C/7.65- 8.40 kbar and 630-670 ＋C]8.15-9.40 kbar, respectively. As a result, an anticlockwise P-T path involving isobaric cooling is inferred for the metamorphic evolution of the amphibolites. Such a P-T path suggests that the late Archean metamorphism of the northern Liaoning Complex was related to the intrusion and underplating of mantle-derived magmas. The underplating of voluminous mantle-derived magmas leading to metamorphism with an anticlockwise P-T path involving isobaric cooling may have occurred in continental magmatic arc regions, above hot spots driven by mantle plumes, or in continental rift envi- ronments. A mantle plume model is favored because this model can reasonably interpret many other geological features of late Archean basement rocks from the northern Liaoning Complex in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton as well as their anticlockwise P-T paths involving isobaric cooling.

Metamorphic P-T conditions and zircon U-Pb ages of amphibolite in Laojinchang area,southern Jilin Province

The Longgang Block is one of the most important parts of the eastern North China Craton,characterized by extensive Late Neoarchean(~2.5 Ga)granulite facies metamorphism.However,it remains uncertain whether it was influenced by Paleoproterozoic magmatism-metamorphism.The authors provide a comprehensive analysis of amphibolite in Laojinchang area,southern Jilin Province,through petrographic,geochemical,mineralogical,and zircon dating.The main findings are as follows:The mineral assemblage of amphibolite is Hb+Pl+Cpx+Bi+Kf+Q,characteristic of amphibolite facies;zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the metamorphic age of amphibolite is 1834±33 Ma;the amphibolite has geochemical characteristics of calcium alkaline,with depletion of Nb,Ta,Ti and P.The plagioclase in the amphibolite is oligoclase,belonging to acidic plagioclase.It is speculated that the protolith of the amphibolite is diorite;using geothermobarometer,the peak metamorphic P-T conditions of amphibolite are determined to be 536–593℃/3.4–5.0 kbar,and the post-peak conditions are 429–566℃/1.3–3.1 kbar.The above results indicate that the Paleoproterozoic metamorphism has been superimposed on Longgang Block,linked to a new orogenic event on the northern edge of North China Craton.

Tectonic Evolution of an Early Precambrian High-Pressure Granulite Belt in the North China Craton

A large-scale high-pressure granulite belt (HPGB), more than 700 km long, is recognized within the metamorphic basement of the North China craton. In the regional tectonic framework, the Hengshan-Chengde HPGB is located in the central collision belt between the western block and eastern block, and represents the deep crustal structural level. The typical high-pressure granulite (HPG) outcrops are distributed in the Hengshan and Chengde areas. HPGs commonly occur as mafic xenoliths within ductile shear zones, and underwent multipile deformations. To the south, the Hengshan-Chengde HPGB is juxtaposed with the Wutai greenstone belt by several strike-slip shear zones. Preliminary isotopic age dating indicates that HPGs from North China were mainly generated at the end of the Neoarchaean, assocaited with tectonic assembly of the western and eastern blocks.

Characteristics of the crystalline basement beneath the Ordos Basin:Constraint from aeromagnetic data

Aeromagnetic anomaly zonation of the Ordos Basin and adjacent areas was obtained by processing high-precision and large-scale aeromagnetic anomalies with an approach of reduction to the pole upward continuation. Comparative study on aeromagnetic and seismic tomography suggests that aeromagnetic anomalies in this area are influenced by both the magnetic property of the rock and the burial depth of the Precambrian crystalline basement. Basement depth might be the fundamental control factor for aeromagnetic anomalies because the positive and negative anomalies on the reduction to the pole- upward-continuation anomaly maps roughly coincide with the uplifts and depressions of the crystalline basement in the basin. The results, together with the latest understanding of basement faults, SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of metamorphic rock and granite, drilling data, detrital zircon ages, and gravity data interpretation, suggest that the Ordos block is not an entirety of Archean.

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Neoarchean Metamorphic Mafic Rocks in the Wutai Complex

Neoarchean metamorphic mafic rocks in the lower and the middle Wutai Complex mainly comprise metamorphic gabbros, amphibolites and chlorite schists. They can be subdivided into three groups according to chondrite normalized REE patterns. Rocks in Group #1 are characterized by nearly flat REE patterns （Lan/Ybn=0.86-1.3）, the lowest total REEs （29-52 ppm）, and weak negative to positive Eu anomalies （Eun/Eun=0.84-1.02）, nearly flat primitive mantle normalized patterns and strong negative Zr（Hf） anomalies. Their geochemical characteristics in REEs and trace elements are similar to those of ocean plateau tholeiite, which imply that this group of rocks can represent remnants of Archean oceanic crust derived from a mantle plume. Rocks in Group #2 are characterized by moderate total REEs （34-116 ppm）, LREE-enriched （Lan/Ybn=1.76-4.34） chondrite normalized REE patterns with weak Eu anomalies （Eun/Eun=0.76-1.16）, and negative Nb, Ta, Zr（Hf）, Ti anomalies in the primitive mantle normalized spider diagram. The REE and trace element characteristics indicate that they represent arc magmas originating from a sub-arc mantle wedge metasomatized by slab-derived fluids. Rocks in Group #3 are characterized by the highest total REEs （61-192 ppm）, the strongest LREEs enrichment （Lan/Ybn=7.12-16） with slightly negative Eu anomalies （Eun/Eun=0.81-0.95） in the chondrite normalized diagram. In the primitive mantle normalized diagram, these rocks are characterized by large negative anomalies in Nb, Ta, Ti, negative to no Zr anomalies. They represent arc magmas originating from a sub-arc mantle wedge enriched in slab-derived melts. The three groups of rocks imply that the formation of the Neoarchean Wutai Complex is related to mantle plumes and island-arc interaction.

Precambrian Tectonic Affinity of the Southern Langshan Area, Northeastern Margin of the Alxa Block: Evidence from Zircon U-Pb Dating and Lu-Hf Isotopes

The Alxa Block is the westernmost part of the North China Craton(NCC), and is regarded as one of the basement components of the NCC. Its geological evolution is of great significance for the understanding of the NCC.However, the Precambrian basement of the Alxa Block is still poorly studied. In this study, we present new in situ LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope data from the Diebusige Metamorphic Complex(DMC) which located in the eastern Alxa Block. Field and petrological studies show that the DMC consists mainly of metamorphic supracrustal rocks and minor metamorphic plutonic rocks and has experienced amphibolite-granulite facies metamorphism. Zircon U-Pb dating results suggested that the amphibolite sample yields a crystallization age of 2636 ± 14 Ma and metamorphic ages of 2517–2454 Ma and 1988–1952 Ma, proving the existence of exposed Archean rocks in the Langshan area and indicating that late Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic metamorphic events existed in the Alxa Block. Two paragneiss samples show that the magmatic detrital zircons from the DMC yield 207Pb/206Pb ages ranging from 2.48 Ga to 2.10 Ga with two youngest peaks at 2.13 Ga and 2.16 Ga, respectively, and they were also overprinted by metamorphic events at 1.97–1.90 Ga and 1.89–1.79Ga. Compilation of U-Pb ages of magmatic detrital and metamorphic zircons suggested that the main part of the DMC may have been formed at 2.1–2.0 Ga. Zircon Lu-Hf isotope data show that the source materials of the main part of the DMC were originated from the reworking of ancient Archean crust(3.45–2.78 Ga). The Hf isotope characteristics and the tectonothermal event records exhibit different evolution history with the Khondalite Belt and the Yinshan Block and the other basements of the Alxa Block, indicating that the Langshan was likely an independent terrain before the middle Paleoproterozoic and was subjected to the middle to late Paleoproterozoic tectonothermal events with the Khondalite Belt as a whole.

冀北红旗营杂岩多期变质作用:古元古代俯冲/碰撞—晚古生代伸展—早中生代挤压的记录

冀北红旗营杂岩记录了从古元古代到早中生代多期构造-热事件,并可能存在支持古元古代洋壳俯冲的关键证据,但是对其形成时代、变质演化历史和大地构造属性等众说纷纭。本文以总结红旗营杂岩变质作用和年代学研究为基础,探讨其复杂的多期构造演化过程。红旗营杂岩包括表壳岩、赤城混杂岩和正片麻岩三个岩石-构造单元。正片麻岩以古元古代(1.87~1.82 Ga)花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩-正长花岗岩为主,出现少量新太古代(2.55~2.53 Ga)英云闪长质-花岗闪长质片麻岩。赤城混杂岩为典型蛇绿混杂岩,由退变榴辉岩(斜长角闪岩)和橄榄岩块体以及变质沉积岩组成,形成时代可能>1.88 Ga。表壳岩主要包括不同变质程度的碳质碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩和少量火山岩,可能形成于2.1~2.0 Ga。综合分析赤城混杂岩中的退变榴辉岩、斜长角闪岩和凤山地区含十字石石榴云母片岩的变质作用演化,可划分出5期变质作用。第一期变质作用(M1)存在于凤山地区的云母片岩中,为中压型,顺时针型p-T轨迹,峰期变质条件为1.0~1.1 GPa/>780℃,变质时间为约1.95 Ga。第二期变质作用(M2)见于退变榴辉岩中,顺时针型p-T轨迹,包括升温升压至峰期和峰后等温降压演化阶段,峰期p-T条件为>2.2 GPa/约750℃,地热梯度约为9℃/km。尽管退变榴辉岩中多数锆石限定晚古生代变质年龄,但榴辉岩相变质作用时间应>1.88 Ga。第三期变质作用(M3)出现于凤山地区的云母片岩中,以含十字石组合叠加在M1高级变质组合为特征,顺时针型p-T轨迹,峰期变质条件为0.6~0.7 GPa/610~630℃,变质年龄约为1.88 Ga。第四期变质作用(M4)出现于赤城混杂岩的斜长角闪岩中,由早期榴辉岩组合叠加变质形成,显示“大于号”形p-T轨迹,包括峰前减压升温和峰期后减压冷却变质过程,峰期p-T条件为0.5~0.7 GPa/780~830℃,地热梯度约为35℃/km(低压型),变质时间为晚古生代(354~289 Ma),并伴随广泛深熔作用。第五期变质作用(M5)以局部叠加绿片岩相组合为特征,为顺时针型p-T轨迹,推测变质作用时间为255~234 Ma。M1中压型变质作用与在华北克拉通西部2.0~1.95 Ga发生的碰撞造山事件有关;M2高压型变质作用与沿华北克拉通北缘1.95~1.88 Ga期间发生的洋壳俯冲有关,是支持现在样式板块构造启动的有力证据之一;M3中压型变质作用指示在华北克拉通北缘于1.88~1.83 Ga期间发生的另一次碰撞造山事件;M4低压型变质作用为晚古生代华北克拉通北缘区域伸展所致;M5低温型变质作用与沿索伦缝合带发生的碰撞闭合事件有关。可见,红旗营杂岩5期变质作用记录了古元古代碰撞-俯冲-碰撞、晚古生代伸展和早中生代挤压的复杂构造过程。红旗营杂岩在经历古元古代俯冲-碰撞事件之后位于不同地壳深度。西部红旗营表壳岩和赤城混杂岩位于中-下地壳层次,其中锆石记录了1.72~1.66 Ga、约450 Ma、354~289 Ma和255~234 Ma等多期热事件;而东部凤山地区表壳岩则位于中-上地壳,缺少后期热事件的锆石和独居石年龄记录。

华北克拉通五台绿岩带锆石年代学及地质意义

五台花岗-绿岩带位于华北克拉通中部造山带的中心地区,保存有较完整的地质记录,并赋存条带状铁建造(BIFs)型铁矿,一直是研究的热点地区之一。然而,该绿岩带尚需详细年代学研究来重新厘定其岩石地层划分。本文对该区域三个组,即金岗库组、柏枝岩组和鸿门岩组中发育的变质火山岩开展了锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素组成分析。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,五台花岗-绿岩带五台群中的金岗库组、柏枝岩组和鸿门岩组的变质火山岩喷发年龄分别为2540±8 Ma、2524~2530 Ma和2513~2517 Ma,同时还记录了~2700 Ma的继承年龄和1930~1853 Ma的变质年龄。锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析结果显示它们的εHf(t)值分别为+0.4~+5.5、+1.2~+7.5和+2.2~+10.5,相应的亏损地幔模式年龄为2639~2845 Ma、2546~2788 Ma和2425~2752 Ma,εHf(t)值呈现大的变化且增加的趋势。结合前人的研究,本文确定了五台群中的金刚库组、庄旺-文溪组、柏枝岩组和鸿门岩组分别形成于~2540 Ma、~2530 Ma、~2525 Ma和~2515 Ma,它们记录了四期火山活动,说明五台绿岩带中的表壳岩系尽管经历了变形变质作用的改造依然保存了较完整的地层层序序列,并提出回撤-前进式俯冲-底冲演化模型。这些结果对理解五台花岗-绿岩带乃至华北克拉通新太古代-古元古代构造及演化具有重要意义。

内蒙古大青山-盘羊山晚中生代-早新生代构造事件及其对华北北缘构造演化的启示

内蒙古大青山和盘羊山位于华北克拉通北缘,其复杂的地质构造对华北克拉通北部中—新生代构造演化具有重要的指示作用。大青山以北的盘羊山逆冲体系,形成于晚二叠世至早三叠世古亚洲洋的闭合,晚侏罗世可能受蒙古-鄂霍次克洋闭合的影响而重新活动。大青山地区发育4期中—新生代变形构造,从老至新依次是:SE-NW向伸展形成的呼和浩特变质核杂岩、NW向逆冲的大青山逆冲体系、以不变形花岗岩为核心的构造穹窿、大青山山前断裂及高角度正断层。发生于约142~132 Ma的SE-NW向伸展,形成于造山增厚地壳的重力垮塌,并形成呼和浩特变质核杂岩和相关的拆离体系。大青山逆冲体系形成于约130~120 Ma,代表造山过程中地壳荷载与板块汇聚的抗衡导致的构造反转,另一可能是古太平洋俯冲的远程效应。自约120 Ma以来,大青山处于一个构造-热松弛期,导致该区约120~90 Ma的冷却事件被广泛记录,并形成以不变形花岗岩(约114 Ma)为核心的穹窿构造;这些事件可能与华北克拉通的峰期破坏相关。大青山山前断裂和相关的高角度正断层开始于始新世,可能是印度-欧亚大陆碰撞和太平洋板块运动方向改变的远程效应所致。古亚洲洋和蒙古-鄂霍次克洋的闭合导致华北克拉通北缘地壳增厚,引发早白垩世造山晚期的垮塌和伸展,形成呼和浩特变质核杂岩。自120 Ma开始,大青山开始受华北克拉通破坏的影响,并形成后造山伸展。新生代,大青山受新特提斯和太平洋构造域的远程影响。

Metamorphic Evolution and Zircon U-Pb Ages of the Nanshankou Mafic High Pressure Granulites from the Jiaobei Terrane, North China Craton

Petrological analysis and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating were conducted on high- pressure marie granulites, which occured as xenolith within TTG gneisses, from the Nanshankou Village of the Jiaobei terrane, Shandong Peninsula in the north-eastern part of the North China Craton （NCC）. The mafic HP grannlite is composed of garnet, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, amphibole and symplectitic clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, plagioclase, ilmente and magnetite which were formed after the decomposition of porphyroblastic garnet and clinopyroxene. Four stages of metamorphic mineral assemblages for the mafic HP granulites were constrained by detail petrological and mineralogical in- vestigations. The early prograde assemblage is represented by the mineral inclusions within garnet and clinopyroxene porphyroblasts （Opx1＋Pl1＋Qtz1）, recording the metamorphic conditions at -754-757 ℃, 0.63-0.71 GPa; peak metamorphic conditions were determined at -874-891 ℃, 1.32-1.35 GPa with the mineral assemblage of Grt2＋Cpx2＋Amp2＋Pl2＋Qtz2. Retrograde minerals derived from symplectitic assemblage Opx3＋Cpx3＋Amp3＋Pl3＋Qtz3＋Ilm3±Mag3 were formed at 693-796℃, 0.60-0.84 GPa. A final greensehist to sub-greenschist facies event was recorded by the exsolution of actinolite and albite within a retrograded clinopyroxene, as well as the occurrence of prehnite, chlorite and calcite minerals. Accordingly, a clockwise P-T path was concluded on the basis of the different stages of mineral asseblage. Cathodoluminescence imaging, trace element and U-Pb dating of zircons from the mafic HP granulites recorded similar charactistics for three episodes of Paleo-Meso Proterozoic metamorphic events. These are the metamorphic events preserved in mafic and pelitic granulites in the Jiao-Liao-Ji belt （JLJB） with 207 pb/206pb ages of 2.0-1.9 Ga for peak metamorphism and of 1.86-1.84 Ga for decomposing process, followed by a retrograde amphibolite facies metamorphic event related to the post-orogenic extension at the age of 1.76-1.74 Ga, resulting the exhumation of the granulite to the upper crust level.

Ultrahigh Temperature Metamorphic Record of Pelitic Granulites in the Huangtuyao Area of the Huai’an Complex,North China Craton

Pelitic granulite from the Huangtuyao area,occurrs in the Huai'an Complex,is located in the Trans-North China Orogen of the North China Craton.On the basis of petrolography,mineral component,and phase equilibrium modeling studies,the P-T conditions and mineral assemblages of pelitic granulites can be divided into four metamorphic stages:the prograde metamorphic stage M1 defined by the stable mineral assemblage of Grt1(garnet core)+Pl+Bt+Kfs+Qz+Rt,the peak pressure Pmax stage M2 indicated by Grt2(garnet mantle)+Kfs±(Ky)+Rt+Qz+Liq(melt),peak temperature Tmax stage M3 characterized by Grt3(garnet rim)+Sill+Pl+Kfs+Qz+Ilm+Liq,and retrograde stage M4 represented by Grt(in matrix)+Kfs+Sill+Bt+Pl+Qz+Ilm.By using the THERMOCALC V340,the P-T conditions are estimated at^13.8–14.1 kbar and^840–850℃at stage M2,and 7–7.2 kbar and 909–915℃for the Tmax stage M3,indicating an ultra-high temperature(UHT)metamorphic overprinting during decompression and heating process after high pressure granulite facies metamorphism.The mineral assemblages and their P-T conditions presented a clockwise P-T trajectory for the Huangtuyao pelitic granulites.The major metamorphic events at^1.95 and^1.88 Ga obtained by the zircon U-Pb dating suggest that pelitic granulites from the Huangtuyao area has undergone HP granulite metamorphism which probably occurred in the prograde metamorphism and related to the collision between the Ordos and the Yinshan blocks,and afterwards UHT metamorphism is related to crustal extension after continental-continental collision.

Petrology,Metamorphic P-T Paths and Zircon U-Pb Ages for Paleoproterozoic Mafic Granulites from Xuanhua,North China Craton

The studied mafic granulites are located at Xiwangshan,Xuanhua region in the north of the Trans-North China Orogen(TNCO),occurring as lens within tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite(TTG)gneisses in the eastern part of the Xiwangshan area.The rocks contain the representative granulite-facies minerals such as garnet,clinopyroxene,orthopyroxene,plagioclase,amphibolite,rutile and quartz,and also well-developed melt pseudomorph and antiperthite.Although the prograde metamorphic stage(M1)cannot be retrieved due to rare preservation of pre-peak-stage mineral associations,three distinct mineral assemblages that formed in different metamorphic stages can be identified,based on petrography and mineralogy characteristics.The peak stage(M2)is characterized by Grt2+Cpx2+Amp2+Pl2+Rt+melt pseudomorphs,and a post-peak decompression stage(M3)contains a mineral assemblage of Grt3+Opx3+Cpx3+Amp3+Pl3,while a later-retrogression stage(M4)is featured by coronas of Amp4+Pl4 surrounding garnet.By calculating metamorphic P-T conditions using THERMOCALC,stage M2 was constrained to be 13.2–14.8 kbar and 1050–1080℃,and M3 recorded P-T conditions of 5.7–7.3 kbar and 825–875℃,while M4 yielded P of^5 kbar and T of^660℃,consistent with amphibolite facies metamorphism.Taking into account of all these petrological data,we propose that the mafic granulite experienced a high-pressure(HP)and ultra-high temperature(UHT)granulite-facies metamorphism during the peak metamorphism,which was accompanied with a clockwise P-T path.U-Pb dating of metamorphic zircons in the granulites yields two groups of ages at 1853±14 and 1744±44 Ma,respectively.We suggest that the older age corresponded to the HP-UHT metamorphism,while the younger age represented an retrograde metamorphic event during cooling.

Lithotectonic elements of Archean basement on the Liaodong Peninsula and its vicinity,North China Craton, China

The Liaodong Peninsula,in the northeastern part of the Eastern Block in the North China Craton,China, consists of lithologic units from Archean to Cenozoic in age.The basement rocks consist of widespread amphibolite-to granulite-facies Archean supracrustal assemblages and granitoid gneisses,as well as Paleoproterozoic volcano-sedimentary successions that were intruded by granitic-marie complexes,and then metamorphosed under greenschist-to amphibolite-facies conditions.The basement rocks are overlainby thick Mesoproterozoic- Cenozoic sedimentary sequences.A synthesis of the available petrological and geochronological data allowed us to establish a geological framework for the Precambrian basement on the Liaodong Peninsula and its vicinity.The basement can be subdivided into three tectonic units:the Neoarchean Liaonan Block,the Eo-Neoarchean Longgang Block,and the intervening Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt.In this paper we delineate the characteristics of an Archean tectonothermal event,and in a companion paper we examine the Paleoproterozoic lithotectonic assemblages.Rock samples of the Hadean eon are rare worldwide,but Hadean zircons have been identified in rocks of the Liaodong Peninsula,and they provide one of the oldest known mineralogical records on Earth.The Archean gneisses in the Liaonan Block are dominated by quartz dioritic-granodioritic gneisses that were emplaced between 2.55 and 2.44 Ga,and these rocks later underwent a lower-amphibolite-facies metamorphism.On the other hand,the Archean basement in the Longgang Block is dominated by TTG (tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic) and granitic gneisses,chamocldtes,and small amounts of supracrustal sequences with much older protolith ages of up to 3.85 Ga,and these rocks have undergone amphibolite-to granulite-facies metamorphism.Posttectonic magrnatism (ca.2.5 Ga)marked the end of the Archean tectonothermal event in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton.

Determining the key conditions for the formation of metamorphic core complexes by geodynamic modeling and insights into the destruction of North China Craton

Metamorphic core complex(MCC) is characterized by the exhumation of lower crust over a large-scale detachment fault, providing natural records for tectonic extension. MCCs are widely identified in the North China Craton(NCC), which have been intensively studied on their structural and geological characteristics. Yet, the condition for the formation of MCCs and their link with NCC destruction are still in debate. In this study, we perform numerical simulations to investigate MCC formation under extension, with a focus on the effect of crustal rheologies. Results indicate that three end-member modes of deformation may occur: the metamorphic core complex mode, the detachment fault-uplifting mode and the pure shear mode. Weaker lower crust and stronger upper crust may promote the formation of MCC. In contrast, stronger lower crust(>1.3×1021 Pa s) may prohibit the exhumation of lower crust(detachment fault-uplifting mode), while weaker upper crust(<7.8×1021 Pa s) may fail to develop detachment faults(pure shear mode). Given that cratons typically have a strong crust, we suggest that the lower crust of NCC was weakened prior to extension, which promoted the formation of MCC in a later stage under the back-arc extension.

华北克拉通冀东兴隆麻粒岩的变质演化及其构造意义

冀东地体位于华北克拉通东部陆块,其新太古代时期的构造热演化过程仍存较大争议,大致存在三种不同的观点:水平构造模式、简单地幔柱模式和重力凹沉(sagduction)模式。其中,关于变质演化的认知差异是上述争论的重要焦点之一。位于冀东地体西侧的兴隆变质杂岩,是探究华北克拉通东部陆块新太古代构造热演化历史的理想载体。本文对杂岩中的石榴二辉麻粒岩、石榴斜方辉石麻粒岩以及长英质脉体进行了岩石学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。研究结果表明,麻粒岩中保存了进变质(M1)、变质峰期(M2)和退变质(M3)三个阶段的变质矿物组合:进变质阶段矿物组合为黑云母、石英,偶见角闪石、钾长石、斜长石和钛铁矿,变质温压条件为608~667℃/0.40~0.50GPa;峰期阶段矿物组合为石榴子石、角闪石、斜方辉石、黑云母、斜长石、钾长石、石英、钛铁矿和/或单斜辉石,变质温压条件为763~867℃/0.93~1.13GPa;退变质阶段矿物组合为石榴子石、角闪石、黑云母、斜方辉石、斜长石、钾长石、石英、钛铁矿和/或磁铁矿,变质温压条件为674~734℃/0.88~0.93GPa。因此,岩石记录了进变质阶段升温升压以及峰后降压降温型的逆时针变质作用P-T轨迹。锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,两类麻粒岩的原岩形成于2534~2531Ma,随后于2523~2515Ma发生麻粒岩相变质作用。与麻粒岩同期变质的片麻岩中发育长英质脉体,后者中的锆石记录了与麻粒岩一致的约2534Ma的岩浆年龄和约2524Ma的变质年龄。结合前人研究,推测冀东地体新太古代末期发生的变质-岩浆事件可能与区域上的垂直构造模式下的重力凹沉构造活动有关。

华北克拉通吉南夹皮沟新太古代石榴黑云斜长片麻岩的变质P-T-t演化及构造意义

华北克拉通东部陆块新太古代末期的构造体制是近年来备受学界关注的热点议题。本文对地处华北克拉通东部陆块东北部的吉南夹皮沟石榴黑云斜长片麻岩进行了详细的岩相学、矿物化学、变质相平衡模拟、传统地质温压计和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,以明确其变质P-T-t演化,探讨构造过程和动力学机制。石榴黑云斜长片麻岩主要由石榴石、黑云母、斜长石、角闪石、石英和少量钛铁矿组成,记录了逆时针P-T轨迹,可以划分为三个变质阶段。岩石第一阶段的矿物组合为黑云母+斜长石+角闪石+石英+钛铁矿(+熔体)(Bt 1+Pl 1+Amp 1+Qz+Ilm(+L)),记录的温压条件为790~854℃和0.55~0.88GPa,之后通过升压略降温到达压力峰期阶段,在这个过程中角闪石分解、石榴石生长、基质型斜长石的X_(An)值从核到边降低。第二阶段的矿物组合为石榴石+黑云母+斜长石+角闪石+石英+钛铁矿(+熔体)(Grt+Bt_(2)+Pl_(2)(核部)+Amp_(2)+Qz+Ilm(+L)),相平衡模拟获得该阶段的温压条件为670~745℃和1.10~1.24GPa,传统地质温压计的结果为707~771℃和0.99~1.18GPa,两者可相互佐证,可能代表了岩石的压力峰期阶段。第三阶段的矿物组合为黑云母+斜长石+石英+钛铁矿(Bt_(3)+Pl_(2)(边部)+Qz+Ilm),形成于压力峰期后的降温降压过程,石榴石边部分解形成斜长石,该类斜长石的X_(An)值从核到边逐渐升高。变质锆石U-Pb定年获得2483±8Ma(MSWD=3.2)的年龄,结合稀土配分模式和锆石Ti温度计计算结果,将该年龄解释为岩石压力峰期阶段前的变质时代。考虑到吉南变质地体新太古代末期岩浆活动与变质作用的时间重叠性、区域上的“穹窿-龙骨”构造样式、前人的变质作用资料以及石榴黑云斜长片麻岩记录的升压轨迹,本文认为吉南新太古代末期变质作用与重力凹沉构造有关。

Timing of the granulite facies metamorphism in the Sanggan area,North China craton:zircon U-Pb geochronology

Zircon U-Pb ages are reported for three samples of intrusive rocks in Khondalite series in the Sanggan area, North China craton. The age of meta-granite is dated as 2005±9 Ma, implying that the sedimentary sequences in Khondalites series formed before 2.0Ga. The age of 1921 ±1Ma for the meta-diorite constrain the age of granulite facies metamorphism younger than this date. The age of 1892±10 Ma for garnet granite is obtained, but the granite crystallization age seems a little younger than the date considering the morphology of zircons. On the basis of these dates and of a concise review of previous age data, it is inferred that the Khondalite series was subjected to granulite facies metamorphism at about 1.87Ga together with tonalitic granulites and HP basic granulites in the Sanggan area.

Tectonothermal Records in Migmatite-Like Rocks of the Guandi Complex in Zhoukoudian, Beijing: Implications for Late Neoarchean to Proterozoic Tectonics of the North China Craton

Migmatite-like rocks transformed from strongly metamorphosed and deformed enclave- bearing felsic plutons usually make people confuse with the true migmatites and mistake in interpreta- tion of their petrogenesis and tectonic implications. Here we report a suite of rocks that have long been called as migmatites from the Guandi complex in Zhoukoudian region, southwest of Beijing. The rocks are dominated by felsic gneisses with garnet-free amphibolites. Field occurrence, petrography and geochemistry indicate that the felsic gneisses and amphibolites were metamorphosed from protoliths of intermediate-acid and basic igneous rocks, respectively. New LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and geothermobarometry study further reveal that precursor magmas of the two types of rocks were emplaced at 2.54-2.56 Ga and the rocks subsequently underwent medium P/T-type metamorphism with upper amphibolite facies conditions of 0.55-0.90 GPa and 670-730℃ at -2.48-2.50 Ga. Geochemically, precursor magmas of the amphibolites were suggested to be derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle source in continental arc setting, and those of the felsic gneisses are characterized by tonalitic to trondhjemitic magmas that are usually considered to be generated by partial melting of hydrated, thickened metamorphosed mafic crust with garnet as residues, suggesting that the rock associations are not of true migmatites but migmatite-like rocks. Our study reveal that protoliths of the migmatite-like rocks from the Guandi complex, were likely formed via magmatism in a continental arc setting, followed by accretion and collision of the continental arc as well as the intro-oceanic arc terranes to the Eastern Block of the North China Craton in the transition from the Late Neoarchean to Early Paleoprnterozuic.