BACKGROUND Although metaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy(MUSO)is safer for the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome(UIS)than diaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy(DUSO),DUSO is widely used for UIS treatment.AIM To ...BACKGROUND Although metaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy(MUSO)is safer for the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome(UIS)than diaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy(DUSO),DUSO is widely used for UIS treatment.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of DUSO and MUSO for UIS treatment and determine the factors that should be considered when choosing surgical treatment for UIS.METHODS Articles comparing the effectiveness of DUSO and MUSO for UIS treatment were systematically retrieved from MEDLINE(Ovid),PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library.The demography,incidence of complications,secondary operation rate,postoperative DASH score,wrist pain on the visual analogue scale,and grip strength improvement were also evaluated.In addition,the correlation between the improvement of grip strength and the shortening of osteotomy length of ulna was analyzed.The outcome of the patient was discontinuous,and the odds ratio,risk ratio(RR),and 95%CI were calculated and analyzed via RevMan5.3 software.RESULTS Six studies,including 83 patients receiving MUSO(experimental group)and 112 patients receiving DUSO(control group),were included in the meta-analysis.The second operation rate was significantly higher after DUSO than after MUSO.The DASH scores were slightly lower in the MUSO group than in the DUSO group.The patients receiving MUSO had slightly better pain relief effect than patients receiving DUSO.However,the incidence of complications and improvement of grip strength were not significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION Although DUSO and MUSO provide similar effects for UIS,MUSO is associated with a lower secondary operation rate,slightly lower postoperative DASH scores and slightly better pain relief effect than DUSO,indicating that MUSO can effectively be used for UIS treatment.展开更多
Introduction: Solitary exostoses are the most common benign tumors of the fertile metaphyses of the long bones of children. Their radiological diagnosis of metaphyseal bone growth must be confirmed on pathological exa...Introduction: Solitary exostoses are the most common benign tumors of the fertile metaphyses of the long bones of children. Their radiological diagnosis of metaphyseal bone growth must be confirmed on pathological examination. These tumors can remain asymptomatic for a long time and reveal themselves during a particularly vascular complication. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of these tumors. Patient and Observation: We report the case of a 15-year-old adolescent girl, with no particular pathological history, received in the pediatric surgery department of the Donka National Hospital (HND) of the Conakry University Hospital for recurrent acute painful swelling of the lower third of the left thigh in an afebrile context accompanied by lameness and stopping school for a few days (2 - 3 days). The symptoms appear to have evolved over the past 3 years and after physical activities. It regresses with rest, analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The notion of trauma and sickle cell disease was not reported in the patient's clinical history. It is the persistence of the symptomatology which motivates the said consultation. On palpation, a small hard mass is noted at the expense of the internal metaphysis of the left distal femur. Deep palpation of this area causes a tingling sensation and during rapid mobilization of the knee. The remainder of the orthopedic examination was unremarkable. Standard x-ray of the femur shows a bony growth with a pointed tip from the distal metaphysis of the left femur. On surgical exploration, we noted a wedge-shaped exostosis oriented towards the vastus medialis muscle. Histological examination of the surgical specimen confirms osteogenic exostosis. There is no recurrence after 2 years. Conclusion: The distal femoral metaphysis is the most common location of solitary osteochondromas in children. Their definitive diagnosis requires the histology of the surgical specimen. Only symptomatic exostoses should be operated on in children.展开更多
This text is trying to discuss an approximation to the concept of human emancipation,as part of our well-being,in terms of Education and Knowledge.Without abandoning our metaphysical perception of wholeness,as an exte...This text is trying to discuss an approximation to the concept of human emancipation,as part of our well-being,in terms of Education and Knowledge.Without abandoning our metaphysical perception of wholeness,as an extension of the continuity principle which connects our conscious and unconscious world,emancipation is considered as a personal struggle against all oppressions.Some of these are grounded in our inner world.In accordance with the Enlightenment request,reasoning and knowledge can help us to structure new forms of acceptances which are shaping our own emancipatory meaning.Under the impact of social influence and personal interpretation,the perceived knowledge is considered as a mental tool containing an upgraded valid information.Taking under consideration that this validity is not able to overcome the metaphysical origins of human thought,it is suggested that when this mental tool is functioning in a self-transformative,self-constructed,and flexible form,human intelligence is structuring a compatible information management mechanism,which can enable us to formulate our personal acceptances,bridge our empirical and hyper-empirical inner world,and enlighten our request for self-criticism,self-determination,and above all emancipation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Subsidence is one of the concerning early complications in cementless femoral stem.Few publications have studied the influencing factors for subsidence in short cementless stems,due to their metaphyseal anc...BACKGROUND Subsidence is one of the concerning early complications in cementless femoral stem.Few publications have studied the influencing factors for subsidence in short cementless stems,due to their metaphyseal anchoring without diaphyseal invasion,they might demonstrate different subsidence patterns than with the conventional stems.AIM To analyze the factors associated with significant subsidence in short stems,including any radiographic parameters.METHODS The digitized radiographs of 274 consecutive short stem total hip arthroplasties were retrospectively reviewed.Subsidence,neck-filling ratio(NFR),seating height and lateral stem contact were evaluated after a minimum of two years follow-up.A threshold of subsidence>3 mm was considered a clinically significant migration.RESULTS For the entire cohort,subsidence occurred in 75 cases(27.4%)with the mean stem subsidence of 0.5 mm.(0-12.7,1.68).Twelve hips(4.4%)had significant subsidence(>3 mm).The univariate regression analysis demonstrated that age,diagnosis,BMI,Dorr’s type B,NFR,and seating height had no significant influence on significant subsidence,whereas insufficient lateral stem contact(≥1 mm)did have a statistically significant influence[Odds ratio(OR)=5.02;95%CI:1.3-18.9;P=0.017].The multivariate regression analysis also demonstrated that insufficient lateral stem contact was a statistically significant influencing factor(OR=5.5;95%CI:1.4-21.4;P=0.014).There was no femoral stem revision for aseptic loosening in our cohort.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that insufficient lateral stem contact was a statistically significant influencing factor on significant subsidence.Therefore,it is a particularly important step to create proper lateral cortical contact when performing the short stem total hip arthroplasty.展开更多
Pyle’s disease is a rare genetic skeletal disorder also known as Metaphyseal dysplasia. A case of 36 yrs old female with fracture supracondylar femur in Pyle’s disease is presented. She had mild facial dysmorphism, ...Pyle’s disease is a rare genetic skeletal disorder also known as Metaphyseal dysplasia. A case of 36 yrs old female with fracture supracondylar femur in Pyle’s disease is presented. She had mild facial dysmorphism, dental malformation & mild genu valgum. Skeletal radiology revealed the characteristic Erlenmeyer flask sign at distal femoral and proximal tibial metaphysis. The fracture supracondylar femur was treated with interlocking nail. The fracture was united in sixteen weeks period. The patient is followed up for two years. The aim of the case report is the rarity of the condition with fracture supracondylar femur in adult female successfully treated with interlocking nail.展开更多
System is a very general concept and theoretically speaking, every problem encountered can be modeled as a system. Thus, the general system theory (GST) proposed by Bertalanffy (1968) and developed by many others e.g....System is a very general concept and theoretically speaking, every problem encountered can be modeled as a system. Thus, the general system theory (GST) proposed by Bertalanffy (1968) and developed by many others e.g. Bunge (1977;1979;1983a;1983b) and Maturana and Varela (1980;1987) could be treated as a theory of everything (TOE). However, it is well-known that the present version of GST has not reached the level of TOE because it lacks a clear ontology. Currently, quantum mechanics (QM), Newtonian mechanics (NM) and general relativity (GR), suitable for microscopic, macroscopic and cosmic phenomena respectively are based on very different ontologies. In this paper, a unified ontology for the general system theory which could be applied to any scale from micro to cosmic is proposed. It is expected that this could lay a foundation to generalize GST to TOE.展开更多
＂The Sun Rising＂ is one of the most outstanding metaphysical poems of John Donne. After a general introduction about the metaphysical poetry and the author, this paper mainly aims to analyze the arresting and origin...＂The Sun Rising＂ is one of the most outstanding metaphysical poems of John Donne. After a general introduction about the metaphysical poetry and the author, this paper mainly aims to analyze the arresting and original conceits and images used in ＂The Sun Rising＂ and comment on their effect on expressing the author＇s feeling and reflecting his emotions.展开更多
The article is devoted to hitherto never undertaken applying an almost unknown logically formalized axiomatic epistemology-and-axiology system called “Sigma-V” to the Third Newton’s Law of mechanics. The author has...The article is devoted to hitherto never undertaken applying an almost unknown logically formalized axiomatic epistemology-and-axiology system called “Sigma-V” to the Third Newton’s Law of mechanics. The author has continued investigating the extraordinary (paradigm-breaking) hypothesis of formal-axiological interpreting Newton’s mathematical principles of natural philosophy and, thus, has arrived to discrete mathematical modeling a system of formal axiology of nature by extracting and systematical studying its proper algebraic aspect. Along with the proper algebraic machinery, the axiomatic (hypothetic-deductive) method is exploited in this investigation systematically. The research results are the followings. 1) The Third Newton’s Law of mechanics has been modeled by a formal-axiological equation of two-valued algebraic system of metaphysics as formal axiology. (Precise defining the algebraic system is provided.) The formal-axiological equation has been established (and examined) in this algebraic system by accurate computing compositions of relevant evaluation-functions. Precise tabular definitions of the evaluation-functions are given. 2) The wonderful formula representing the Third Newton’s Law (in the relevant physical interpretation of the formal theory Sigma-V) has been derived logically in Sigma-V from the presumption of a-priori-ness of knowledge. A precise axiomatic definition of the nontrivial notion “a-priori-ness of knowledge” is given. The formal derivation is implemented in strict accordance with the rigor standard of D. Hilbert’s formalism;hence, checking the formal derivation submitted in this article is not a difficult task. With respect to proper theoretical physics, the formal inference is a nontrivial scientific novelty which has not been discussed and published elsewhere yet.展开更多
The article focuses on the brief study of the metaphysical poets,who were men of learning,and to show learning was their whole endeavor. The chief metaphysical poets include John Donne,Richard Crashaw,Andrew Marvell,G...The article focuses on the brief study of the metaphysical poets,who were men of learning,and to show learning was their whole endeavor. The chief metaphysical poets include John Donne,Richard Crashaw,Andrew Marvell,George Herbert,and Henry Vaughan. They preferred wildly original images,puns,similes,and metaphors,which collectively are called metaphysical conceits. The term metaphysical implies the poetry is abstract and highly complicated. The group shares certain traits,but their themes,structures,and assorted tones in their poetry vary widely.展开更多
This paper will present questions from three perspectives about Quantum Mechanics （QM）： physics, epistemological, and metaphysical. The quantum phenomena do not fit with the parameters of classical physics, so a da...This paper will present questions from three perspectives about Quantum Mechanics （QM）： physics, epistemological, and metaphysical. The quantum phenomena do not fit with the parameters of classical physics, so a daily intuition on macroscopic world is dispensable when it is the quantum object investigated. This physical domain induces a new thinking, which requires also new concepts to describe such object. The QM is disturbing and stimulates epistemological reflections, as the issues of access about what is known; and metaphysical theme are not to be left behind with regard to QM： What would the quantum object to？ What is apprehended when this object is perceived, once considered the disturbing characteristics that constitute its physical description： interference and non-separability？ What is its nature？ This paper focuses briefly on the analysis of B. d＇Espagnat in Veiled Reality, which would represent the physical perspective of QT; for epistemological questions, one will resort to the Kantian conception of knowledge; and with regard to the metaphysical perspective, we will rely on an article by Professor J. B. Arenhart. It is necessary to note that the question that pervades in this paper is about if the experience in QM is built. Thus, we will try to seek clarity on the philosophical issues through QT, regarding the problems about the possibility of knowledge of the quantum object and its nature, and whether experience in this case is built. But furthermore, the QM instigates us to think whether metaphysics proceeds on the investigation of nature when it comes to the QM. And such a question is more than to have as problem as the scope of the description of physical data, but rather whether it makes sense or whether metaphysical research is pertinent to the QM.展开更多
In the second half of the last century the problem of categories became less and less prominent in philosophical debates. This twilight of categorial discourse did not go unnoticed, and some authors offered different ...In the second half of the last century the problem of categories became less and less prominent in philosophical debates. This twilight of categorial discourse did not go unnoticed, and some authors offered different solutions for the revival of categorial theorizing in contemporary philosophy＇s repertoire. One of these authors is the American philosopher Stephen Pepper. The purpose of the present discussion is to offer yet another explanation for the decline of categorial theory, and to explore Pepper＇s view and its role in the transformation of categorial discourse. The main thesis which I will argue for is that traditional categories did not disappear altogether, but they have been replaced, gradually, by key empirical concepts from natural science. Even if such concepts do not satisfy the traditional requirements categories in shaping our for a categorial scheme, they are, nonetheless, fulfilling the same role as traditional worldviews.展开更多
Alexander of Aphrodisias’s Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics is an important testimony to understand Plato’s philosophy.In fact,Alexander uses some lost Aristotelian books,especially a work On the Good,from whi...Alexander of Aphrodisias’s Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics is an important testimony to understand Plato’s philosophy.In fact,Alexander uses some lost Aristotelian books,especially a work On the Good,from which we learn that Plato’s metaphysics is adialectical metaphysics,founded on an original opposition of two principles that shapes the whole reality—these principles being the One and the indefinite Dyad.Sensible things participate in ideas(they receive their being from ideas)and the intermediate mathematical entities lie between these two realities.However,ideas can be traced back to ideal numbers and the principles of ideal numbers are the One and the indefinite Dyad.Thus,these principles constitute their metaphysical foundation of ideas and,through the ideas,of the whole reality.展开更多
In his commentary on the Platonic Parmenides, the Neoplatonist philosopher Proclus （ca. 411-485） offers a systematic defense of the objective existence of the Forms by means of the use of distinctive arguments, four...In his commentary on the Platonic Parmenides, the Neoplatonist philosopher Proclus （ca. 411-485） offers a systematic defense of the objective existence of the Forms by means of the use of distinctive arguments, four of which are ontological. In contrast with Aristotle, Proclus clearly accepts that the Forms exist as principles of the world and not as posterior concepts describing the common elements of the sensible entities. Thus, he argues first that the ontological presuppositions of the sensible beings are placed in the area of the self-subsistent beings, which correspond to the categories of the Second Hypothesis of the Parmenides. The Forms belong to this area as well. In this respect, Proclus refers to the way of production of the sensible beings, aiming at a strict definition of this process. Secondly, he proves that the existence of the Forms, which possess ontological completeness, is prior to the existence of the sensible things. This is possible since the Forms are generated by the Demiurge of the whole world, by means of an internal reflection upon himself. Thirdly, in order to prove that the sensible world cannot be attributed to mere chance, he argues that the external activity, i.e., the creation of the world, depends on the internal activity, i.e., the development of the Forms in the divine intellect. Fourthly, he implements the concept of hierarchy in the realm of the Forms, through an extensive reference to the ontological priority of the imparticipable over the participable. Thus, he shows how the existence of the primary and intelligible Forms is prior to that of the substantiated Forms. Interestingly enough, the above-mentioned arguments exercised considerable influence on the commentaries of the members of the school of Ammonius, son of Hermias.展开更多
Peaceful living has become increasingly difficult to attain in today’s world of globalization, modernization, mechanization, and competition for existing resources on all levels. Conflicts and violence are intensifie...Peaceful living has become increasingly difficult to attain in today’s world of globalization, modernization, mechanization, and competition for existing resources on all levels. Conflicts and violence are intensified due to population explosion, food insecurity, climate change, ecological and economic disaster, political and religious differences, and wars over territories and scarce resources. Additionally, health concerns are increasing, which can be partially linked to our current chemical-oriented agricultural and industrial practices. Furthermore, diverse life species are endangered from habitat loss, urbanization, and farming. By losing natural land and native species, we are losing ecosystem diversity. In an era when our planetary existence is threatened, what are the world’s communities doing to save our collective existence？ This paper, based on India’s intellectual traditions, proposes a conceptual model or a system of philosophy of three related categories-diversity, ethics, and peace-for understanding diversity and differences at all levels of existence, individual （biological）, collective （socio-cultural）, and planetary （cosmological）. The main purpose is to make this interdisciplinary study part of an educational philosophy for the creation of civilized societies that will value all lives on the basis of equitability, and recognize ethics of dignity, respect, liberty, justice, and peace.展开更多
Andrei Tarkovsky＇s cinematic signature bespeaks of a metaphysical dimension which is inseparable of an unwavering dialogue between poetic word and image. In three of his movies--Mirror （1975）, Stalker （1979） and ...Andrei Tarkovsky＇s cinematic signature bespeaks of a metaphysical dimension which is inseparable of an unwavering dialogue between poetic word and image. In three of his movies--Mirror （1975）, Stalker （1979） and Nostalghia （1983）---the Russian director helps to build this dimension with the insertion of his father＇s Arsenii poems. Although these poems may develop a pivotal dynamic in Mirror, even when they may seem to have a marginal existence, such as they do in Stalker and Nostalghia, their function is far from assuming a decorative status. Anchored in Tarkovsky＇s notion of organic movie in mind, as he developed it in his book Sculpting in Time, and in William Desmond＇s concept of in-betweeness, as he conceived it in Art, Origins, Otherness--Between Philosophy and Art, this article challenges the notion of structural relevance, and shows how the alleged marginal presence of Arseni＇s words contribute to create a space of metaphysical in-betweeness that lies at the core of the movie＇s spiritual dimension展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Although metaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy(MUSO)is safer for the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome(UIS)than diaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy(DUSO),DUSO is widely used for UIS treatment.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of DUSO and MUSO for UIS treatment and determine the factors that should be considered when choosing surgical treatment for UIS.METHODS Articles comparing the effectiveness of DUSO and MUSO for UIS treatment were systematically retrieved from MEDLINE(Ovid),PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library.The demography,incidence of complications,secondary operation rate,postoperative DASH score,wrist pain on the visual analogue scale,and grip strength improvement were also evaluated.In addition,the correlation between the improvement of grip strength and the shortening of osteotomy length of ulna was analyzed.The outcome of the patient was discontinuous,and the odds ratio,risk ratio(RR),and 95%CI were calculated and analyzed via RevMan5.3 software.RESULTS Six studies,including 83 patients receiving MUSO(experimental group)and 112 patients receiving DUSO(control group),were included in the meta-analysis.The second operation rate was significantly higher after DUSO than after MUSO.The DASH scores were slightly lower in the MUSO group than in the DUSO group.The patients receiving MUSO had slightly better pain relief effect than patients receiving DUSO.However,the incidence of complications and improvement of grip strength were not significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION Although DUSO and MUSO provide similar effects for UIS,MUSO is associated with a lower secondary operation rate,slightly lower postoperative DASH scores and slightly better pain relief effect than DUSO,indicating that MUSO can effectively be used for UIS treatment.
文摘Introduction: Solitary exostoses are the most common benign tumors of the fertile metaphyses of the long bones of children. Their radiological diagnosis of metaphyseal bone growth must be confirmed on pathological examination. These tumors can remain asymptomatic for a long time and reveal themselves during a particularly vascular complication. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of these tumors. Patient and Observation: We report the case of a 15-year-old adolescent girl, with no particular pathological history, received in the pediatric surgery department of the Donka National Hospital (HND) of the Conakry University Hospital for recurrent acute painful swelling of the lower third of the left thigh in an afebrile context accompanied by lameness and stopping school for a few days (2 - 3 days). The symptoms appear to have evolved over the past 3 years and after physical activities. It regresses with rest, analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The notion of trauma and sickle cell disease was not reported in the patient's clinical history. It is the persistence of the symptomatology which motivates the said consultation. On palpation, a small hard mass is noted at the expense of the internal metaphysis of the left distal femur. Deep palpation of this area causes a tingling sensation and during rapid mobilization of the knee. The remainder of the orthopedic examination was unremarkable. Standard x-ray of the femur shows a bony growth with a pointed tip from the distal metaphysis of the left femur. On surgical exploration, we noted a wedge-shaped exostosis oriented towards the vastus medialis muscle. Histological examination of the surgical specimen confirms osteogenic exostosis. There is no recurrence after 2 years. Conclusion: The distal femoral metaphysis is the most common location of solitary osteochondromas in children. Their definitive diagnosis requires the histology of the surgical specimen. Only symptomatic exostoses should be operated on in children.
文摘This text is trying to discuss an approximation to the concept of human emancipation,as part of our well-being,in terms of Education and Knowledge.Without abandoning our metaphysical perception of wholeness,as an extension of the continuity principle which connects our conscious and unconscious world,emancipation is considered as a personal struggle against all oppressions.Some of these are grounded in our inner world.In accordance with the Enlightenment request,reasoning and knowledge can help us to structure new forms of acceptances which are shaping our own emancipatory meaning.Under the impact of social influence and personal interpretation,the perceived knowledge is considered as a mental tool containing an upgraded valid information.Taking under consideration that this validity is not able to overcome the metaphysical origins of human thought,it is suggested that when this mental tool is functioning in a self-transformative,self-constructed,and flexible form,human intelligence is structuring a compatible information management mechanism,which can enable us to formulate our personal acceptances,bridge our empirical and hyper-empirical inner world,and enlighten our request for self-criticism,self-determination,and above all emancipation.
文摘BACKGROUND Subsidence is one of the concerning early complications in cementless femoral stem.Few publications have studied the influencing factors for subsidence in short cementless stems,due to their metaphyseal anchoring without diaphyseal invasion,they might demonstrate different subsidence patterns than with the conventional stems.AIM To analyze the factors associated with significant subsidence in short stems,including any radiographic parameters.METHODS The digitized radiographs of 274 consecutive short stem total hip arthroplasties were retrospectively reviewed.Subsidence,neck-filling ratio(NFR),seating height and lateral stem contact were evaluated after a minimum of two years follow-up.A threshold of subsidence>3 mm was considered a clinically significant migration.RESULTS For the entire cohort,subsidence occurred in 75 cases(27.4%)with the mean stem subsidence of 0.5 mm.(0-12.7,1.68).Twelve hips(4.4%)had significant subsidence(>3 mm).The univariate regression analysis demonstrated that age,diagnosis,BMI,Dorr’s type B,NFR,and seating height had no significant influence on significant subsidence,whereas insufficient lateral stem contact(≥1 mm)did have a statistically significant influence[Odds ratio(OR)=5.02;95%CI:1.3-18.9;P=0.017].The multivariate regression analysis also demonstrated that insufficient lateral stem contact was a statistically significant influencing factor(OR=5.5;95%CI:1.4-21.4;P=0.014).There was no femoral stem revision for aseptic loosening in our cohort.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that insufficient lateral stem contact was a statistically significant influencing factor on significant subsidence.Therefore,it is a particularly important step to create proper lateral cortical contact when performing the short stem total hip arthroplasty.
文摘Pyle’s disease is a rare genetic skeletal disorder also known as Metaphyseal dysplasia. A case of 36 yrs old female with fracture supracondylar femur in Pyle’s disease is presented. She had mild facial dysmorphism, dental malformation & mild genu valgum. Skeletal radiology revealed the characteristic Erlenmeyer flask sign at distal femoral and proximal tibial metaphysis. The fracture supracondylar femur was treated with interlocking nail. The fracture was united in sixteen weeks period. The patient is followed up for two years. The aim of the case report is the rarity of the condition with fracture supracondylar femur in adult female successfully treated with interlocking nail.
文摘System is a very general concept and theoretically speaking, every problem encountered can be modeled as a system. Thus, the general system theory (GST) proposed by Bertalanffy (1968) and developed by many others e.g. Bunge (1977;1979;1983a;1983b) and Maturana and Varela (1980;1987) could be treated as a theory of everything (TOE). However, it is well-known that the present version of GST has not reached the level of TOE because it lacks a clear ontology. Currently, quantum mechanics (QM), Newtonian mechanics (NM) and general relativity (GR), suitable for microscopic, macroscopic and cosmic phenomena respectively are based on very different ontologies. In this paper, a unified ontology for the general system theory which could be applied to any scale from micro to cosmic is proposed. It is expected that this could lay a foundation to generalize GST to TOE.
文摘＂The Sun Rising＂ is one of the most outstanding metaphysical poems of John Donne. After a general introduction about the metaphysical poetry and the author, this paper mainly aims to analyze the arresting and original conceits and images used in ＂The Sun Rising＂ and comment on their effect on expressing the author＇s feeling and reflecting his emotions.
文摘The article is devoted to hitherto never undertaken applying an almost unknown logically formalized axiomatic epistemology-and-axiology system called “Sigma-V” to the Third Newton’s Law of mechanics. The author has continued investigating the extraordinary (paradigm-breaking) hypothesis of formal-axiological interpreting Newton’s mathematical principles of natural philosophy and, thus, has arrived to discrete mathematical modeling a system of formal axiology of nature by extracting and systematical studying its proper algebraic aspect. Along with the proper algebraic machinery, the axiomatic (hypothetic-deductive) method is exploited in this investigation systematically. The research results are the followings. 1) The Third Newton’s Law of mechanics has been modeled by a formal-axiological equation of two-valued algebraic system of metaphysics as formal axiology. (Precise defining the algebraic system is provided.) The formal-axiological equation has been established (and examined) in this algebraic system by accurate computing compositions of relevant evaluation-functions. Precise tabular definitions of the evaluation-functions are given. 2) The wonderful formula representing the Third Newton’s Law (in the relevant physical interpretation of the formal theory Sigma-V) has been derived logically in Sigma-V from the presumption of a-priori-ness of knowledge. A precise axiomatic definition of the nontrivial notion “a-priori-ness of knowledge” is given. The formal derivation is implemented in strict accordance with the rigor standard of D. Hilbert’s formalism;hence, checking the formal derivation submitted in this article is not a difficult task. With respect to proper theoretical physics, the formal inference is a nontrivial scientific novelty which has not been discussed and published elsewhere yet.
文摘The article focuses on the brief study of the metaphysical poets,who were men of learning,and to show learning was their whole endeavor. The chief metaphysical poets include John Donne,Richard Crashaw,Andrew Marvell,George Herbert,and Henry Vaughan. They preferred wildly original images,puns,similes,and metaphors,which collectively are called metaphysical conceits. The term metaphysical implies the poetry is abstract and highly complicated. The group shares certain traits,but their themes,structures,and assorted tones in their poetry vary widely.
文摘This paper will present questions from three perspectives about Quantum Mechanics （QM）： physics, epistemological, and metaphysical. The quantum phenomena do not fit with the parameters of classical physics, so a daily intuition on macroscopic world is dispensable when it is the quantum object investigated. This physical domain induces a new thinking, which requires also new concepts to describe such object. The QM is disturbing and stimulates epistemological reflections, as the issues of access about what is known; and metaphysical theme are not to be left behind with regard to QM： What would the quantum object to？ What is apprehended when this object is perceived, once considered the disturbing characteristics that constitute its physical description： interference and non-separability？ What is its nature？ This paper focuses briefly on the analysis of B. d＇Espagnat in Veiled Reality, which would represent the physical perspective of QT; for epistemological questions, one will resort to the Kantian conception of knowledge; and with regard to the metaphysical perspective, we will rely on an article by Professor J. B. Arenhart. It is necessary to note that the question that pervades in this paper is about if the experience in QM is built. Thus, we will try to seek clarity on the philosophical issues through QT, regarding the problems about the possibility of knowledge of the quantum object and its nature, and whether experience in this case is built. But furthermore, the QM instigates us to think whether metaphysics proceeds on the investigation of nature when it comes to the QM. And such a question is more than to have as problem as the scope of the description of physical data, but rather whether it makes sense or whether metaphysical research is pertinent to the QM.
文摘In the second half of the last century the problem of categories became less and less prominent in philosophical debates. This twilight of categorial discourse did not go unnoticed, and some authors offered different solutions for the revival of categorial theorizing in contemporary philosophy＇s repertoire. One of these authors is the American philosopher Stephen Pepper. The purpose of the present discussion is to offer yet another explanation for the decline of categorial theory, and to explore Pepper＇s view and its role in the transformation of categorial discourse. The main thesis which I will argue for is that traditional categories did not disappear altogether, but they have been replaced, gradually, by key empirical concepts from natural science. Even if such concepts do not satisfy the traditional requirements categories in shaping our for a categorial scheme, they are, nonetheless, fulfilling the same role as traditional worldviews.
文摘Alexander of Aphrodisias’s Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics is an important testimony to understand Plato’s philosophy.In fact,Alexander uses some lost Aristotelian books,especially a work On the Good,from which we learn that Plato’s metaphysics is adialectical metaphysics,founded on an original opposition of two principles that shapes the whole reality—these principles being the One and the indefinite Dyad.Sensible things participate in ideas(they receive their being from ideas)and the intermediate mathematical entities lie between these two realities.However,ideas can be traced back to ideal numbers and the principles of ideal numbers are the One and the indefinite Dyad.Thus,these principles constitute their metaphysical foundation of ideas and,through the ideas,of the whole reality.
文摘In his commentary on the Platonic Parmenides, the Neoplatonist philosopher Proclus （ca. 411-485） offers a systematic defense of the objective existence of the Forms by means of the use of distinctive arguments, four of which are ontological. In contrast with Aristotle, Proclus clearly accepts that the Forms exist as principles of the world and not as posterior concepts describing the common elements of the sensible entities. Thus, he argues first that the ontological presuppositions of the sensible beings are placed in the area of the self-subsistent beings, which correspond to the categories of the Second Hypothesis of the Parmenides. The Forms belong to this area as well. In this respect, Proclus refers to the way of production of the sensible beings, aiming at a strict definition of this process. Secondly, he proves that the existence of the Forms, which possess ontological completeness, is prior to the existence of the sensible things. This is possible since the Forms are generated by the Demiurge of the whole world, by means of an internal reflection upon himself. Thirdly, in order to prove that the sensible world cannot be attributed to mere chance, he argues that the external activity, i.e., the creation of the world, depends on the internal activity, i.e., the development of the Forms in the divine intellect. Fourthly, he implements the concept of hierarchy in the realm of the Forms, through an extensive reference to the ontological priority of the imparticipable over the participable. Thus, he shows how the existence of the primary and intelligible Forms is prior to that of the substantiated Forms. Interestingly enough, the above-mentioned arguments exercised considerable influence on the commentaries of the members of the school of Ammonius, son of Hermias.
文摘Peaceful living has become increasingly difficult to attain in today’s world of globalization, modernization, mechanization, and competition for existing resources on all levels. Conflicts and violence are intensified due to population explosion, food insecurity, climate change, ecological and economic disaster, political and religious differences, and wars over territories and scarce resources. Additionally, health concerns are increasing, which can be partially linked to our current chemical-oriented agricultural and industrial practices. Furthermore, diverse life species are endangered from habitat loss, urbanization, and farming. By losing natural land and native species, we are losing ecosystem diversity. In an era when our planetary existence is threatened, what are the world’s communities doing to save our collective existence？ This paper, based on India’s intellectual traditions, proposes a conceptual model or a system of philosophy of three related categories-diversity, ethics, and peace-for understanding diversity and differences at all levels of existence, individual （biological）, collective （socio-cultural）, and planetary （cosmological）. The main purpose is to make this interdisciplinary study part of an educational philosophy for the creation of civilized societies that will value all lives on the basis of equitability, and recognize ethics of dignity, respect, liberty, justice, and peace.
文摘Andrei Tarkovsky＇s cinematic signature bespeaks of a metaphysical dimension which is inseparable of an unwavering dialogue between poetic word and image. In three of his movies--Mirror （1975）, Stalker （1979） and Nostalghia （1983）---the Russian director helps to build this dimension with the insertion of his father＇s Arsenii poems. Although these poems may develop a pivotal dynamic in Mirror, even when they may seem to have a marginal existence, such as they do in Stalker and Nostalghia, their function is far from assuming a decorative status. Anchored in Tarkovsky＇s notion of organic movie in mind, as he developed it in his book Sculpting in Time, and in William Desmond＇s concept of in-betweeness, as he conceived it in Art, Origins, Otherness--Between Philosophy and Art, this article challenges the notion of structural relevance, and shows how the alleged marginal presence of Arseni＇s words contribute to create a space of metaphysical in-betweeness that lies at the core of the movie＇s spiritual dimension
