Palm C16 methyl ester sulphonate （C16MES）is an anionic surfactant that has the potential as active ingredient in the production of laundry detergent powders. Although C16MES has been successfully applied in the prod...Palm C16 methyl ester sulphonate （C16MES）is an anionic surfactant that has the potential as active ingredient in the production of laundry detergent powders. Although C16MES has been successfully applied in the production of high-density laundry detergent powders （HDDP）, it coulingd not be employed directly as it is in the spray drying process for the production of low-density laundry detergent powders （LDDP） without compromising the detergency and other significant properties. This research paper highlights the pilot-scale experimental study, which performed to produce phosphate-free laundry detergent （PFD） powders incorporated with binary anionic surfactants of C16MES and linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid （LABSA）. Past laboratory experiments revealed that PFD powders resulted from C16MES/LABSA of 50：50 ratio and of pH 7-8 have good detergency stability upon one-week of continuous heating in an oven at 50~C with 85% relative humidity. Based on these laboratory results, subsequent experiments were carded in a 5 kg/hr capacity co-current pilot spray dryer using PFD formulations comprising six different ratios of C16MES/LABSA （0：100, 20：80, 40：60, 80：20 and 100：0） under the same pH condition. Three PFD formulations were selected for further evaluation based on their characteristics in the spray drying process. The cleaning properties and particle properties of the resulting spray dried detergent powders from these selected formulations were analyzed. Based on the overall evaluation, C16MES/LABSA in 40：60 ratio was selected as the ideal PFD formulation. Further tests confirmed that spray dried detergent powder （SDDP） from the ideal formulation has high level of biodegradability （60% in 13 d）, low eco-toxicity properties （LC50 of 11.3 mg/L） and moderate flowability charactedsUcs （Hausner ratio of 1.27 and Carr＇s index of 21.3）.展开更多
The high activ penta-coordinated silicon potassium compound was prepared by the reaction of amorphous silica with the ethylene glycol,catalyzed by the potassium hydroxide,and the ethyl tetra-coordinated silicon compou...The high activ penta-coordinated silicon potassium compound was prepared by the reaction of amorphous silica with the ethylene glycol,catalyzed by the potassium hydroxide,and the ethyl tetra-coordinated silicon compound was synthesized by the reaction of this penta-coordinate silicon potassium compound with allyl chloride.Then the copolymer was prepared by the reactwn of this ethyl tetra-coordinated silicon with the methyl-acrylic acid β-hydroxyl ethyl ester,and its structure and thermal property were characterized by IR,TG,DSC et al.IR indicated the reaction has finished because of no absorption near 1630cm-1.TG indicated the decomposing temperature of copolymer is 300 ℃.DSC indicated the glass transition temperature is 63.1℃.The copolymer was not soluble in any solvent and had no melt-point.All analysis proved the copolymer exists some extent linkage.展开更多
文摘Palm C16 methyl ester sulphonate （C16MES）is an anionic surfactant that has the potential as active ingredient in the production of laundry detergent powders. Although C16MES has been successfully applied in the production of high-density laundry detergent powders （HDDP）, it coulingd not be employed directly as it is in the spray drying process for the production of low-density laundry detergent powders （LDDP） without compromising the detergency and other significant properties. This research paper highlights the pilot-scale experimental study, which performed to produce phosphate-free laundry detergent （PFD） powders incorporated with binary anionic surfactants of C16MES and linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid （LABSA）. Past laboratory experiments revealed that PFD powders resulted from C16MES/LABSA of 50：50 ratio and of pH 7-8 have good detergency stability upon one-week of continuous heating in an oven at 50~C with 85% relative humidity. Based on these laboratory results, subsequent experiments were carded in a 5 kg/hr capacity co-current pilot spray dryer using PFD formulations comprising six different ratios of C16MES/LABSA （0：100, 20：80, 40：60, 80：20 and 100：0） under the same pH condition. Three PFD formulations were selected for further evaluation based on their characteristics in the spray drying process. The cleaning properties and particle properties of the resulting spray dried detergent powders from these selected formulations were analyzed. Based on the overall evaluation, C16MES/LABSA in 40：60 ratio was selected as the ideal PFD formulation. Further tests confirmed that spray dried detergent powder （SDDP） from the ideal formulation has high level of biodegradability （60% in 13 d）, low eco-toxicity properties （LC50 of 11.3 mg/L） and moderate flowability charactedsUcs （Hausner ratio of 1.27 and Carr＇s index of 21.3）.
文摘The high activ penta-coordinated silicon potassium compound was prepared by the reaction of amorphous silica with the ethylene glycol,catalyzed by the potassium hydroxide,and the ethyl tetra-coordinated silicon compound was synthesized by the reaction of this penta-coordinate silicon potassium compound with allyl chloride.Then the copolymer was prepared by the reactwn of this ethyl tetra-coordinated silicon with the methyl-acrylic acid β-hydroxyl ethyl ester,and its structure and thermal property were characterized by IR,TG,DSC et al.IR indicated the reaction has finished because of no absorption near 1630cm-1.TG indicated the decomposing temperature of copolymer is 300 ℃.DSC indicated the glass transition temperature is 63.1℃.The copolymer was not soluble in any solvent and had no melt-point.All analysis proved the copolymer exists some extent linkage.
