The toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether （MTBE） to Chlorella ellipsoidea and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was tested and assessed for a 15-d incubation with concentrations of MTBE from high （2.00×10^4 mg/L） to low...The toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether （MTBE） to Chlorella ellipsoidea and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was tested and assessed for a 15-d incubation with concentrations of MTBE from high （2.00×10^4 mg/L） to low （2 mg/L）. The results showed that the toxicity was low when the concentration of MTBE was in the range 1.00× 10^4-2.00× 10^4 mg/L （the greatest inhibition of growth-rate was 70%-71%, occurred during the day 1-5）. Low concentrations （2-500 rag/L） stimulated algal growth up to the greatest effect of 85%-200% when the concentration of MTBE was 50-100 mg/L during day 3-5. The toxicity of MTBE （72-120 h EC50） was 6.65×10^3-9.58×10^3 mg/L for C. ellipsoidea and that is 1.14× 10^4-2.00× 10^4 mg/L for A. floc-aquae. We found that the toxicity and ecological risk of MTBE for the algal community structure were low and the toxicity was influenced by the duration time of the test.展开更多
The contamination of methyl ten-butyl ether （MTBE） in underground waters has become a widely concerned problem all over the world. In this study, a novel dosed culture system with oxygen supplied by H2O2 was introdu...The contamination of methyl ten-butyl ether （MTBE） in underground waters has become a widely concerned problem all over the world. In this study, a novel dosed culture system with oxygen supplied by H2O2 was introduced for MTBE aerobic biodegradation. After 7 d, almost all MTBE was degraded by a pure culture, a member of β-Proteobacteria named as PMI, in a closed system with oxygen supply, while only 40% MTBE was degraded in one without oxygen supply. Dissolved oxygen （DO） levels of the broth in closed systems respectively with and without H2O2 were about 5-6 and 4 mg/L. Higher DO may improve the activity of monooxygemase, which is the key enzyme of metabolic pathway from MTBE to tert-butyl alcohol and finally to CO2, and may result in the increase of the degrading activity of PM1 cell. The purge and trap GC-MS result of the broth in closed systems showed that tea-butyl alcohol, isopronol and acetone were the main intermediate products.展开更多
A method was developed to determine the concentration of methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE) in gasoline, diesel and heating oil by gas chromatography(GC) with mass spectrometry(GC-MS) or flame ionization detection(FID). Th...A method was developed to determine the concentration of methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE) in gasoline, diesel and heating oil by gas chromatography(GC) with mass spectrometry(GC-MS) or flame ionization detection(FID). The diluted gasoline was directly injected into the GC, and the complete separation of MTBE from co-eluting hydrocarbons was not required. GC/MS or GC/FID method can be used to analyze MTBE in different concentration range and have good consistency.展开更多
BACKGROUND The use of methyl-tertiary butyl ether(MTBE)to dissolve gallstones has been limited due to concerns over its toxicity and the widespread recognition of the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.The adverse...BACKGROUND The use of methyl-tertiary butyl ether(MTBE)to dissolve gallstones has been limited due to concerns over its toxicity and the widespread recognition of the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.The adverse effects of MTBE are largely attributed to its low boiling point,resulting in a tendency to evaporate.Therefore,if there is a material with a higher boiling point and similar or higher dissolubility than MTBE,it is expected to be an attractive alternative to MTBE.AIM To determine whether tert-amyl ethyl ether(TAEE),an MTBE analogue with a relatively higher boiling point(102°C),could be used as an alternative to MTBE in terms of gallstone dissolubility and toxicity.METHODS The in vitro dissolubility of MTBE and TAEE was determined by measuring the dry weights of human gallstones at predetermined time intervals after placing them in glass containers with either of the two solvents.The in vivo dissolubility was determined by comparing the weights of solvent-treated gallstones and control(dimethyl sulfoxide)-treated gallstones,after the direct infusion of each solvent into the gallbladder in both hamster models with cholesterol and pigmented gallstones.RESULTS The in vitro results demonstrated a 24 h TAEE-dissolubility of 76.7%,56.5%and 38.75%for cholesterol,mixed,and pigmented gallstones,respectively,which represented a 1.2-,1.4-,and 1.3-fold increase in dissolubility compared to that of MTBE.In the in vitro experiment,the 24 h-dissolubility of TAEE was 71.7%and 63.0%for cholesterol and pigmented gallstones,respectively,which represented a 1.4-and 1.9-fold increase in dissolubility compared to that of MTBE.In addition,the results of the cell viability assay and western blot analysis indicated that TAEE had a lower toxicity towards gallbladder epithelial cells than MTBE.CONCLUSION We demonstrated that TAEE has higher gallstone dissolubility properties and safety than those of MTBE.As such,TAEE could present an attractive alternative to MTBE if our findings regarding its efficacy and safety can be consistently reproduced in further subclinical and clinical studies.展开更多
The separation of ternary methanol/methyl butyl ether/1-butylchloride mixtures was investigated, which are the main components of the waste liquid. After preliminary studies on the ternary system, the integrated proce...The separation of ternary methanol/methyl butyl ether/1-butylchloride mixtures was investigated, which are the main components of the waste liquid. After preliminary studies on the ternary system, the integrated process of extraction and distillation was put forward to separate the ternary system. The results show that methanol carl be removed from the mixtures by extraction using water as the extracting agent. Through distillation of extract and dried raffinate respectively, methanol, methyl butyl ether and 1-butylchloride can be separated and recovered. In addition, the optimal volume for the extracting agent and effects of reflux ratio on the yield of product were also studied. The optimal volume ratio of the extracting agent to material is 1： 3.5, and the yield of the product increases with the increase of reflux ratio.展开更多
The biosafety of methyl tertiary-butyl ether(MTBE),mainly used as a gasoline additive,has long been a contentious topic.In addition to its routine toxicities,MTBE has been demonstrated to disrupt glucose and lipid met...The biosafety of methyl tertiary-butyl ether(MTBE),mainly used as a gasoline additive,has long been a contentious topic.In addition to its routine toxicities,MTBE has been demonstrated to disrupt glucose and lipid metabolism and contribute to the development of type2 diabetes as well as obesity.As one of the morbidities related to dyslipidemia,atherosclerosis is worthy of being investigated under MTBE exposure.Since foam cells derived from macrophages play pivotal roles during atherosclerosis development,we studied the effects of MTBE on macrophages in vitro and assessed the effect of MTBE on atherosclerosis plaque formation with the ApoE^(-/-)mouse model in uiuo for the first time.Our results demonstrated that exposure to MTBE at environmentally relevant concentrations decreased the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1,which are responsible for macrophage cholesterol efflux,at both mRNA and protein levels in THP-1 macrophages.Consequently,treatment with MTBE inhibited the transport of cholesterol from macrophages to High-density lipoprotein.ApoE^(-/-)mice exposed to MTBE at environmentally relevant concentrations(100,1000μg/kg)displayed significant increases in lesion area in the aorta and aortic root compared to vehicletreated ones.Further analysis indicated that MTBE exposure enhanced the macrophagespecific marker Mac-2 contents within plaques in the aortic root,implying that MTBE could promote macrophage-derived foam cell formation and thus accelerate atherosclerosis plaque formation.We for the first time demonstrated the pro-atherogenic effect of MTBE via eliciting disruption of macrophage cholesterol efflux and accelerating foam cell formation and atherosclerosis plaque development.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20476099)
文摘The toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether （MTBE） to Chlorella ellipsoidea and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was tested and assessed for a 15-d incubation with concentrations of MTBE from high （2.00×10^4 mg/L） to low （2 mg/L）. The results showed that the toxicity was low when the concentration of MTBE was in the range 1.00× 10^4-2.00× 10^4 mg/L （the greatest inhibition of growth-rate was 70%-71%, occurred during the day 1-5）. Low concentrations （2-500 rag/L） stimulated algal growth up to the greatest effect of 85%-200% when the concentration of MTBE was 50-100 mg/L during day 3-5. The toxicity of MTBE （72-120 h EC50） was 6.65×10^3-9.58×10^3 mg/L for C. ellipsoidea and that is 1.14× 10^4-2.00× 10^4 mg/L for A. floc-aquae. We found that the toxicity and ecological risk of MTBE for the algal community structure were low and the toxicity was influenced by the duration time of the test.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20476099) Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. Y504272).
文摘The contamination of methyl ten-butyl ether （MTBE） in underground waters has become a widely concerned problem all over the world. In this study, a novel dosed culture system with oxygen supplied by H2O2 was introduced for MTBE aerobic biodegradation. After 7 d, almost all MTBE was degraded by a pure culture, a member of β-Proteobacteria named as PMI, in a closed system with oxygen supply, while only 40% MTBE was degraded in one without oxygen supply. Dissolved oxygen （DO） levels of the broth in closed systems respectively with and without H2O2 were about 5-6 and 4 mg/L. Higher DO may improve the activity of monooxygemase, which is the key enzyme of metabolic pathway from MTBE to tert-butyl alcohol and finally to CO2, and may result in the increase of the degrading activity of PM1 cell. The purge and trap GC-MS result of the broth in closed systems showed that tea-butyl alcohol, isopronol and acetone were the main intermediate products.
文摘A method was developed to determine the concentration of methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE) in gasoline, diesel and heating oil by gas chromatography(GC) with mass spectrometry(GC-MS) or flame ionization detection(FID). The diluted gasoline was directly injected into the GC, and the complete separation of MTBE from co-eluting hydrocarbons was not required. GC/MS or GC/FID method can be used to analyze MTBE in different concentration range and have good consistency.
文摘BACKGROUND The use of methyl-tertiary butyl ether(MTBE)to dissolve gallstones has been limited due to concerns over its toxicity and the widespread recognition of the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.The adverse effects of MTBE are largely attributed to its low boiling point,resulting in a tendency to evaporate.Therefore,if there is a material with a higher boiling point and similar or higher dissolubility than MTBE,it is expected to be an attractive alternative to MTBE.AIM To determine whether tert-amyl ethyl ether(TAEE),an MTBE analogue with a relatively higher boiling point(102°C),could be used as an alternative to MTBE in terms of gallstone dissolubility and toxicity.METHODS The in vitro dissolubility of MTBE and TAEE was determined by measuring the dry weights of human gallstones at predetermined time intervals after placing them in glass containers with either of the two solvents.The in vivo dissolubility was determined by comparing the weights of solvent-treated gallstones and control(dimethyl sulfoxide)-treated gallstones,after the direct infusion of each solvent into the gallbladder in both hamster models with cholesterol and pigmented gallstones.RESULTS The in vitro results demonstrated a 24 h TAEE-dissolubility of 76.7%,56.5%and 38.75%for cholesterol,mixed,and pigmented gallstones,respectively,which represented a 1.2-,1.4-,and 1.3-fold increase in dissolubility compared to that of MTBE.In the in vitro experiment,the 24 h-dissolubility of TAEE was 71.7%and 63.0%for cholesterol and pigmented gallstones,respectively,which represented a 1.4-and 1.9-fold increase in dissolubility compared to that of MTBE.In addition,the results of the cell viability assay and western blot analysis indicated that TAEE had a lower toxicity towards gallbladder epithelial cells than MTBE.CONCLUSION We demonstrated that TAEE has higher gallstone dissolubility properties and safety than those of MTBE.As such,TAEE could present an attractive alternative to MTBE if our findings regarding its efficacy and safety can be consistently reproduced in further subclinical and clinical studies.
文摘The separation of ternary methanol/methyl butyl ether/1-butylchloride mixtures was investigated, which are the main components of the waste liquid. After preliminary studies on the ternary system, the integrated process of extraction and distillation was put forward to separate the ternary system. The results show that methanol carl be removed from the mixtures by extraction using water as the extracting agent. Through distillation of extract and dried raffinate respectively, methanol, methyl butyl ether and 1-butylchloride can be separated and recovered. In addition, the optimal volume for the extracting agent and effects of reflux ratio on the yield of product were also studied. The optimal volume ratio of the extracting agent to material is 1： 3.5, and the yield of the product increases with the increase of reflux ratio.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2019YFC1605800,2018YFC0406302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21806179,21672255)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB14040201)。
文摘The biosafety of methyl tertiary-butyl ether(MTBE),mainly used as a gasoline additive,has long been a contentious topic.In addition to its routine toxicities,MTBE has been demonstrated to disrupt glucose and lipid metabolism and contribute to the development of type2 diabetes as well as obesity.As one of the morbidities related to dyslipidemia,atherosclerosis is worthy of being investigated under MTBE exposure.Since foam cells derived from macrophages play pivotal roles during atherosclerosis development,we studied the effects of MTBE on macrophages in vitro and assessed the effect of MTBE on atherosclerosis plaque formation with the ApoE^(-/-)mouse model in uiuo for the first time.Our results demonstrated that exposure to MTBE at environmentally relevant concentrations decreased the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1,which are responsible for macrophage cholesterol efflux,at both mRNA and protein levels in THP-1 macrophages.Consequently,treatment with MTBE inhibited the transport of cholesterol from macrophages to High-density lipoprotein.ApoE^(-/-)mice exposed to MTBE at environmentally relevant concentrations(100,1000μg/kg)displayed significant increases in lesion area in the aorta and aortic root compared to vehicletreated ones.Further analysis indicated that MTBE exposure enhanced the macrophagespecific marker Mac-2 contents within plaques in the aortic root,implying that MTBE could promote macrophage-derived foam cell formation and thus accelerate atherosclerosis plaque formation.We for the first time demonstrated the pro-atherogenic effect of MTBE via eliciting disruption of macrophage cholesterol efflux and accelerating foam cell formation and atherosclerosis plaque development.
